802.11ah Channels ====================== .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What frequency band does 802.11ah operate in?** 802.11ah operates in the sub-1 GHz license-exempt frequency bands, typically around 900 MHz. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Why does 802.11ah use sub-1 GHz bands instead of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz?** Sub-1 GHz offers better range and penetration through obstacles, ideal for IoT and sensor networks. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How many channels does 802.11ah support?** It supports up to 26 channels depending on the regulatory domain and channel bandwidth. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What channel bandwidths are available in 802.11ah?** Channel bandwidths include 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the benefit of using narrower channel widths in 802.11ah?** Narrower channels improve range and reduce power consumption at the cost of lower data rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are 802.11ah channels overlapping or non-overlapping?** Channels can be both; careful channel planning is required to minimize interference. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) in 802.11ah?** DFS allows the device to avoid interference by switching channels when radar or other signals are detected. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11ah support channel bonding?** No, 802.11ah generally uses narrow channels and does not support channel bonding like 802.11ac. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does channel selection impact 802.11ah network performance?** Selecting less congested channels reduces interference and improves range and throughput. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can 802.11ah devices coexist with other sub-1 GHz devices?** Yes, but coexistence mechanisms and careful channel planning are necessary to minimize interference. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are 802.11ah channels fixed or can they be dynamically allocated?** Channels are typically fixed by regulation but devices can dynamically switch channels for interference mitigation. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What regulations affect 802.11ah channel usage?** Regulations vary by country but generally limit power and frequency ranges in the sub-1 GHz bands. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does the low frequency band benefit IoT applications in 802.11ah?** It offers extended range and better wall penetration for sensor networks and smart metering. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the impact of channel bandwidth on data rate in 802.11ah?** Wider bandwidth channels provide higher data rates but shorter range and more power consumption. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can 802.11ah channels be used globally?** Channel availability varies globally due to differing regional regulations. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How is interference handled between adjacent 802.11ah channels?** Through proper channel spacing, listen-before-talk mechanisms, and dynamic channel switching. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Do 802.11ah devices support channel hopping?** Yes, channel hopping is used to improve reliability and coexistence in congested environments. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the maximum transmit power allowed on 802.11ah channels?** Transmit power is limited by regional regulations, typically between 10 mW and 1 W. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11ah channel planning differ from traditional Wi-Fi?** It focuses on long-range, low power IoT use cases using narrowband channels in sub-1 GHz bands instead of crowded 2.4/5 GHz bands. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`List of channels ` * :ref:`List of channel widths ` * :ref:`List of Bands ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. _channels_ah_step4: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: List of 802.11ah Channels (26 Channels) (US) ===================== ======================= =============================== =============== Channel Number (MHz) Center Frequency (MHz) Frequency Range (MHz) DFS Required ===================== ======================= =============================== =============== 1 902.3 901.8 – 902.8 No 2 903.1 902.6 – 903.6 No 3 903.9 903.4 – 904.4 No 4 904.7 904.2 – 905.2 No 5 905.5 905.0 – 906.0 No 6 906.3 905.8 – 906.8 No 7 907.1 906.6 – 907.6 No 8 907.9 907.4 – 908.4 No 9 908.7 908.2 – 909.2 No 10 909.5 909.0 – 910.0 No 11 910.3 909.8 – 910.8 No 12 911.1 910.6 – 911.6 No 13 911.9 911.4 – 912.4 No 14 912.7 912.2 – 913.2 No 15 913.5 913.0 – 914.0 No 16 914.3 913.8 – 914.8 No 17 915.1 914.6 – 915.6 No 18 915.9 915.4 – 916.4 No 19 916.7 916.2 – 917.2 No 20 917.5 917.0 – 918.0 No 21 918.3 917.8 – 918.8 No 22 919.1 918.6 – 919.6 No 23 919.9 919.4 – 920.4 No 24 920.7 920.2 – 921.2 No 25 921.5 921.0 – 922.0 No 26 922.3 921.8 – 922.8 No ===================== ======================= =============================== =============== .. tab-item:: List of 802.11ah Channels (Europe) ===================== ======================= =============================== =============== Channel Number (MHz) Center Frequency (MHz) Frequency Range (MHz) DFS Required ===================== ======================= =============================== =============== 1 863 862 – 864 No 2 864 863 – 865 No 3 865 864 – 866 No 4 866 865 – 867 No 5 867 866 – 878 No ===================== ======================= =============================== =============== .. _channels_ah_step5: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: List of channel widths * channel widths .. _channels_ah_step6: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: List of Bands ======================= ====================== ====================== ============================================================ Band Name Frequency Range (GHz) Frequency Range (MHz) Channels ======================= ====================== ====================== ============================================================ North America (FCC) 0.902 – 0.928 GHz 902 – 928 MHz 26 channels (1 MHz spacing, channels 1–26) Europe (ETSI) 0.863 – 0.868 GHz 863 – 868 MHz 5 channels (1 MHz spacing, channels 1–5) Japan (ARIB) 0.779 – 0.787 GHz 779 – 787 MHz 4 channels (1 MHz spacing, channels 1–4) China (SRRC) 0.920 – 0.925 GHz 920 – 925 MHz ~6 channels (varies by region) South Korea 0.917 – 0.923 GHz 917 – 923 MHz 3 channels (varies by region) ======================= ====================== ====================== ============================================================ .. _channels_ah_step17: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Reference links * Reference links