802.11bn PHYs
==============


.. panels::
    :container: container pb-4
    :column: col-lg-12 p-2
    :card: shadow

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What is IEEE 802.11bn?**

        IEEE 802.11bn is the Wi-Fi 7 amendment tailored specifically for operation in the 2.4 GHz band, extending Wi-Fi 7 features to this band.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **Which frequency band does 802.11bn operate in?**

        802.11bn operates exclusively in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz).

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What channel bandwidths does 802.11bn support?**

        It supports 20 MHz and 40 MHz channel bandwidths, optimized for 2.4 GHz band constraints.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **Does 802.11bn support 80 MHz or 160 MHz channels like other Wi-Fi 7 variants?**

        No, due to limited spectrum and interference in 2.4 GHz, 802.11bn does not support channels wider than 40 MHz.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What modulation schemes are used in 802.11bn?**

        802.11bn supports up to 4096-QAM, providing higher data rates even on narrower channels.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **Does 802.11bn use OFDM?**

        Yes, it uses OFDM with enhancements for better robustness in the crowded 2.4 GHz band.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What coding scheme does 802.11bn use?**

        It uses Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes for error correction and improved reliability.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **How many spatial streams does 802.11bn support?**

        802.11bn supports up to 8 spatial streams, enabling high throughput even on 2.4 GHz.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What is the maximum theoretical data rate in 802.11bn?**

        Maximum data rates can reach several Gbps with 40 MHz channels, 8 spatial streams, and 4096-QAM.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **Does 802.11bn support Multi-Link Operation (MLO)?**

        Yes, it supports MLO allowing simultaneous transmissions on 2.4 GHz and other bands to improve throughput and reduce latency.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What is the guard interval in 802.11bn?**

        Supports multiple guard intervals, including 0.8 µs and 0.4 µs, for latency and throughput optimization.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **Does 802.11bn support OFDMA?**

        Yes, OFDMA is supported to improve spectrum utilization and reduce contention in the 2.4 GHz band.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **How does 802.11bn handle interference in the 2.4 GHz band?**

        It uses advanced interference mitigation techniques including dynamic frequency selection, adaptive modulation, and MLO.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **Is 802.11bn backward compatible?**

        Yes, it supports backward compatibility with legacy 802.11b/g/n devices in the 2.4 GHz band.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What is the FFT size used in 802.11bn?**

        Typically uses 64-point FFT for 20 MHz channels and 128-point FFT for 40 MHz channels.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **How wide are 802.11bn channels in MHz?**

        Supports 20 MHz and 40 MHz channels; no wider channels due to spectrum limitations.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **How does 802.11bn improve latency?**

        Features such as MLO and shorter guard intervals reduce transmission delays and improve responsiveness.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What is the impact of 802.11bn on power consumption?**

        Efficient scheduling and MLO help optimize power use, but higher data rates and processing can increase consumption compared to legacy 2.4 GHz devices.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **Does 802.11bn support uplink and downlink MU-MIMO?**

        Yes, supports multi-user MIMO in both uplink and downlink directions.

    .. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        **What new features does 802.11bn bring to the 2.4 GHz band?**

        Brings Wi-Fi 7 capabilities like MLO, 4096-QAM, OFDMA, and improved spatial streams to the traditionally limited 2.4 GHz band.


.. panels::
        :container: container pb-4
        :column: col-lg-12 p-2
        :card: shadow

        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Reference links <phy_step17>`


.. _phy_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links

       * Reference links