802.11d =================== .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 :hidden: :includehidden: 802_11d/802_11d 802_11d/mac_functions 802_11d/mac_timings 802_11d/packet_formats 802_11d/power_save 802_11d/interoperability 802_11d/physical_rates 802_11d/ppdu 802_11d/channels 802_11d/PHYs IEEE 802.11d is a Wi-Fi amendment that adds country-specific regulatory information, enabling devices to comply with local laws and operate legally across different regions worldwide. .. list-table:: :widths: 20 60 20 :header-rows: 1 * - Category - Description - Use Case * - MAC Functions - Adds regulatory domain information elements to management frames, enabling dynamic region-specific operation. - Ensuring devices respect country-specific rules during frame exchanges * - MAC Timings - Uses standard MAC timing protocols; no significant change in timing behavior. - Maintaining compatibility with legacy 802.11 MAC timing in various regions * - Packet Formats - Extends management frame formats to include Country Information Element (IE) for regulatory compliance. - Allowing devices to communicate regulatory restrictions dynamically * - Power Save - No specific changes introduced in power saving mechanisms. - Power saving operates as per underlying 802.11 standards * - Interoperability - Ensures global interoperability by informing devices about local regulations through standardized IEs. - Facilitating smooth roaming and legal operation across different countries * - Physical Rates - No change; follows existing PHY rates of the base 802.11 standards. - Consistent data rates regardless of regulatory region * - PPDU - No modification to PPDU formats. - Maintains PHY-layer compatibility across regions * - Channels - Defines allowed frequency channels per regulatory domain via Country IE. - Avoiding interference with licensed spectrum and complying with local laws * - PHY Overview - No changes to physical layer operations. - Ensures PHY layer functions consistently while respecting regulatory limits .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Adds support for operation in additional regulatory domains (countries) - Introduces Country Information Element (IE) in management frames - Enables devices to learn country-specific regulations dynamically - Extends channel and power usage rules based on region - Ensures legal operation of WLANs across different countries **Use Cases:** - Devices operating in multiple countries with varying regulations - Global Wi-Fi product deployments requiring compliance with local laws - Regulatory domain enforcement in enterprise and public networks - Facilitating international roaming of Wi-Fi clients **Related Concepts:** - Regulatory domain management - Country Information Element (IE) in beacon/probe frames - Dynamic channel and power adjustments - Harmonizing Wi-Fi operation with regional spectrum rules .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Understand the regulatory enhancements introduced by 802.11d:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section <802_11d_step1>` * :ref:`Terminology <802_11d_step2>` * :ref:`Version Info <802_11d_step3>` * :ref:`802_11d Version & IEEE Details <802_11d_step4>` * :ref:`802_11d Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <802_11d_step5>` * :ref:`802_11d Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 <802_11d_step6>` * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_step16>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/802_11d.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d Basics" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d MAC Functions **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Extends MAC layer to support country-specific regulatory requirements - Incorporates Country Information Element (IE) in management frames - Enables dynamic adaptation of channel and transmit power based on regulatory domain - Ensures compliance with local spectrum and power regulations - Maintains compatibility with existing 802.11 MAC frame structures - Supports region-specific operation without manual configuration **Use Cases:** - Enforcing country-specific regulatory constraints on wireless devices - Facilitating operation of Wi-Fi equipment in multiple regulatory domains - Ensuring legal channel and power usage in international deployments - Assisting enterprise and public networks in meeting local compliance **Related Functions:** - Management frame enhancements for regulatory information exchange - Dynamic regulatory domain detection and adaptation - Interoperability with legacy devices through regulatory awareness - Channel and power adjustment mechanisms based on country code .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d MAC Functions:** * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_mac_functions_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/mac_functions.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d MAC Functions" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d MAC Timings **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Inherits MAC timing mechanisms from 802.11a/b - Uses Interframe Spaces (SIFS, DIFS, PIFS) for timing coordination - Supports CSMA/CA with backoff and contention window control - Ensures proper timing behavior in newly regulated domains - Maintains compatibility with global MAC timing behavior - Integrates timing synchronization with regulatory domain adaptations **Use Cases:** - Providing consistent MAC timing in international deployments - Enabling seamless operation across different regulatory regions - Supporting multi-region device behavior with correct backoff and interframe delays **Related Timing Parameters:** - Short Interframe Space (SIFS) - Distributed Interframe Space (DIFS) - Point Coordination Interframe Space (PIFS) - Slot Time and Contention Window (CWmin/CWmax) .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d MAC Timings:** * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_mac_timings_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/mac_timings.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d MAC Timings" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d Packet Formats **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Extends 802.11 MAC/PHY frame structure with country-specific information - Retains standard 802.11 frame components (Frame Control, Duration, Address fields, Sequence Control, CRC) - Introduces country-specific information elements in management frames (like Beacons and Probe Responses) - Ensures devices identify and conform to regulatory requirements via these packets - Compatible with 802.11b/a/g frame formats - Supports control, management, and data frames for global operation **Use Cases:** - Structuring wireless packets to convey country and regulatory domain info - Ensuring legal operation of devices in various countries - Facilitating automatic configuration in roaming and global deployments **Related Frame Types:** - Management frames (e.g., Beacon, Probe Request/Response with country IE) - Control frames (e.g., RTS/CTS, ACK) - Data frames (e.g., QoS and non-QoS frames) .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d Packet Formats:** * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_packet_formats_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/packet_formats.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d Packet Formats" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d Power Saving Mechanisms **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Inherits power saving functionalities from the core 802.11 specification - Supports Power Save Mode (PSM) allowing clients to conserve energy - Compatible with beacon-based delivery mechanisms for buffered traffic - Relies on Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) and TIM elements for signaling - Mainly focused on regulatory domain support, not power innovation **Use Cases:** - Power optimization in devices operating in region-specific frequency bands - Supporting mobile clients in international and multi-regulatory environments - Enabling energy-efficient WLAN deployment with international roaming **Related Mechanisms:** - TIM/DTIM in beacon frames - PSM coordination between AP and station - MAC layer synchronization with region-specific requirements .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d Power Saving mechanisms:** * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_power_save_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/power_save.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d Power Saving" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d Interoperability **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Extends 802.11 MAC to include country-specific regulatory domain information - Advertises country codes, allowed channels, and transmit power limits via beacon and probe response frames - Enables operation of Wi-Fi devices across different countries with regulatory compliance - Backward compatible with legacy 802.11a/b/g devices - Enhances global interoperability and roaming capabilities **Use Cases:** - International Wi-Fi device certification and deployment - Regulatory domain compliance for APs and clients in different regions - Multi-region WLAN setups (airlines, multinational companies, etc.) **Related Mechanisms:** - Country Information Element (IE) in management frames - Dynamic adjustment of allowed channels and transmit power - MAC-layer support for roaming and association in diverse regulatory domains .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d Interoperability mechanisms:** * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_interoperability_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/interoperability.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d Interoperability" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d Physical Rates **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Extends the physical layer data rates defined in 802.11a/b/g based on region-specific regulations - Physical rates depend on the underlying PHY (802.11a/b/g) used with 802.11d enhancements - Maintains compliance with country-specific transmit power and channel usage - Enables rate adaptation across diverse geographic regions - Supports DSSS, OFDM, or both, depending on PHY mode - Ensures reliable wireless data transfer while adhering to regulatory limits **Use Cases:** - Wireless operation with legal data rates in region-specific deployments - Supporting roaming across countries with differing PHY rate allowances - Regulatory-compliant enterprise and public Wi-Fi infrastructure **Related Concepts:** - Transmit power control per region - PHY rate negotiation based on channel availability - DSSS/OFDM modulation under local laws .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d Physical Rates:** * :ref:`Physical Rates in 802.11d <802_11d_physical_rates_step4>` * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_physical_rates_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/physical_rates.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d Physical Rates" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d PPDU **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Inherits PPDU structures from the base 802.11 PHY it extends (e.g., 802.11a/b/g) - No change in PPDU structure; relies on PHY capabilities supported under regional laws - Operates using DSSS or OFDM PPDU formats depending on the PHY mode - Includes preamble, SIGNAL field, and SERVICE field consistent with chosen PHY - Ensures transmission remains within regional spectral and power limits - Enables compliant wireless signal encapsulation for global operation **Use Cases:** - Transmitting data using regionalized PHY formats (OFDM/DSSS) - Supporting global wireless deployments with unified PPDU standards - Allowing cross-border device compatibility without new PHY definitions **Related Concepts:** - DSSS and OFDM preamble structures - SIGNAL and SERVICE fields in PHY headers - Regulatory-dependent channel coding parameters .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d PPDU:** * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_ppdu_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/ppdu.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d PPDU" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d Channels **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Enables the use of country-specific channels and frequency ranges in wireless networks - Extends 802.11a/b/g to operate legally in different regulatory domains - Uses country information elements in beacon/probe responses to communicate allowed channels - Supports both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands depending on local regulations - Enhances global interoperability without changing physical hardware - Mandates channel usage based on regional regulatory domain information **Use Cases:** - Enabling legal Wi-Fi deployments in countries outside default IEEE-defined bands - Supporting multinational device operation with appropriate frequency limitations - Preventing interference with other spectrum services through channel control **Related Concepts:** - Country Information Element (IE) in management frames - Regulatory domain management - Frequency planning across regions .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d Channels:** * :ref:`List of channels <802_11d_channels_step4>` * :ref:`List of channel widths <802_11d_channels_step5>` * :ref:`List of Bands <802_11d_channels_step6>` * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_channels_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/channels.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d Channels" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11d PHY **Standard:** IEEE 802.11d (2001) **Main Features:** - Leverages the PHY layer from the underlying 802.11a/b/g standard being used - Adds location-aware behavior by enforcing regional transmission constraints at the PHY layer - Ensures legal use of power levels, channels, and frequencies per country - Supports modulation schemes like DSSS (for 2.4 GHz) and OFDM (for 5 GHz) based on PHY mode - Allows global roaming by dynamically adapting PHY operations to the region - Country-specific PHY behavior is broadcast via beacon management frames **Use Cases:** - Compliant wireless deployments in diverse international regulatory environments - Enabling region-aware PHY operation in mobile and roaming scenarios - Maintaining performance while conforming to legal transmission standards **Related Concepts:** - DSSS and OFDM under regulatory constraints - PHY and MAC coordination for region-specific behavior - Transmit power and channel restrictions .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11d PHY:** * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_phy_step17>` .. button-link:: ./802_11d/PHYs.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11d PHY"