802.11d Physical Rates ========================= .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are physical data rates in IEEE 802.11d?** Physical data rates refer to the raw bit rates at which data is transmitted over the wireless medium. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11d define new physical rates?** No, 802.11d extends existing 802.11 standards by adding country-specific regulatory information but does not define new physical rates itself. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Which frequency bands does 802.11d support for physical rates?** 802.11d supports both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, enabling operation in multiple regulatory domains. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11d affect available physical rates?** It enables devices to use country-specific allowed channels and power levels, indirectly influencing achievable data rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are data rates in 802.11d fixed or adaptive?** Data rates can be adaptive, changing based on signal quality and regulatory constraints. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are common physical data rates supported in 802.11d networks?** Typical rates include 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps depending on modulation and band. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11d support OFDM rates?** Yes, as it builds on 802.11a/g/n standards, 802.11d supports OFDM rates for higher throughput. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can 802.11d devices operate at lower physical rates?** Yes, they can use lower rates like 1 or 2 Mbps for better range or compatibility. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How are physical rates negotiated in 802.11d?** Devices negotiate rates during association and can switch dynamically based on link quality. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11d impact rate adaptation algorithms?** Not directly, but regulatory domain info can influence available channels and power, indirectly affecting rate choices. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are the physical rates in 802.11d different in 5 GHz band vs 2.4 GHz?** Physical rates depend on the underlying PHY (like 802.11a/g); 5 GHz generally supports OFDM rates while 2.4 GHz supports both DSSS and OFDM. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What modulation schemes determine physical rates in 802.11d?** Modulations include BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, affecting the achievable rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does channel width affect physical rates in 802.11d?** Wider channels (e.g., 40 MHz) allow higher data rates but 802.11d itself does not define channel width—it follows underlying standards. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are physical rates in 802.11d limited by regulations?** Yes, regulations in each country limit transmit power and channels, which can limit maximum physical rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11d support legacy physical rates?** Yes, it maintains compatibility with legacy rates from 802.11b/g/a as per the region's rules. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11d handle physical rate changes when roaming?** It updates regulatory info to comply with new country rules, which can affect available rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can 802.11d devices dynamically switch physical rates?** Yes, rate adaptation mechanisms allow switching rates for optimal throughput and reliability. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Is the maximum physical rate in 802.11d fixed?** No, it varies depending on underlying PHY (802.11a/g/n) and regional constraints. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`physical_rates in 802.11d <802_11d_physical_rates_step4>` * :ref:`Reference links <802_11d_physical_rates_step17>` .. _802_11d_physical_rates_step4: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: physical_rates in 802.11d ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== Modulation BW Tsc FSP=BW/Tsc Tdata=1/FSP GI=Tdata/4 Symbol=Tdata+GI 1/Symbol Bits/Symbol Code rate Usable sc Rate ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== BPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 1 1/2 48 1.5 BPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 1 3/4 48 2.25 QPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 2 1/2 48 3 QPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 2 3/4 48 4.5 16-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 4 1/2 48 6 16-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 4 3/4 48 9 64-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 6 2/3 48 12 64-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 6 3/4 48 13.5 BPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 1 1/2 48 3 BPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 1 3/4 48 4.5 QPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 2 1/2 48 6 QPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 2 3/4 48 9 16-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 4 1/2 48 12 16-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 4 3/4 48 18 64-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 6 2/3 48 24 64-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 6 3/4 48 27 BPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 1 1/2 48 6 BPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 1 3/4 48 9 QPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 2 1/2 48 12 QPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 2 3/4 48 18 16-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 4 1/2 48 24 16-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 4 3/4 48 36 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 2/3 48 48 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 3/4 48 54 ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== .. _802_11d_physical_rates_step17: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Reference links * Reference links