802.11i Physical Rates ========================= .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are the physical rates supported in IEEE 802.11i?** 802.11i supports the same physical rates as the underlying 802.11 standard it secures, e.g., 802.11a/g/n rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11i define new physical rates?** No, 802.11i focuses on security; physical rates are defined by the base standard (e.g., 802.11a/g/n). .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does encryption affect effective throughput?** Encryption overhead can slightly reduce net throughput but physical rates remain unchanged. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are rate adaptation algorithms impacted by 802.11i?** Rate adaptation continues normally but must account for processing delays due to encryption. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What modulation schemes are used with 802.11i?** Modulation schemes (e.g., OFDM for 802.11a) remain as specified in the base standard. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11i security impact latency at physical rates?** Minor increases in latency may occur due to encryption/decryption processing. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are all physical rates equally supported with 802.11i?** Yes, 802.11i supports all rates of the underlying standard without restriction. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11i support high-throughput modes like 802.11n/ac?** Yes, security mechanisms are applicable to all newer PHY rates including HT and VHT. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How do physical rates influence security handshake duration?** Higher rates reduce handshake times by speeding frame exchanges. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can physical layer errors affect 802.11i security?** Yes, errors may cause handshake retries or rekeying, impacting secure communication. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How is backward compatibility ensured at physical rates?** Devices can fallback to lower physical rates to maintain secure links under poor conditions. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Do security features affect channel bonding or aggregation?** No, 802.11i security works with channel bonding and frame aggregation as defined in PHY. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are there power consumption implications at various physical rates?** Higher rates may increase power use, with 802.11i security adding slight overhead. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How do physical rates interact with QoS in 802.11i?** QoS prioritization is preserved across all physical rates secured by 802.11i. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the impact of physical rate on multicast and broadcast in 802.11i?** Multicast/broadcast frames use lower rates to improve reliability, secured by 802.11i. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are physical rates standardized across different countries for 802.11i?** Yes, regional regulations dictate allowed rates and channels; 802.11i works within these. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11i impact the use of legacy rates?** Legacy rates are supported to maintain compatibility with older devices using security. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How do physical rates affect the overall security performance?** Higher rates improve responsiveness but require efficient encryption processing to keep pace. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`physical_rates in 802.11i ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. _physical_rates_i_step4: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: physical_rates in 802.11i ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== Modulation BW Tsc FSP=BW/Tsc Tdata=1/FSP GI=Tdata/4 Symbol=Tdata+GI 1/Symbol Bits/Symbol Code rate Usable sc Rate ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== BPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 1 1/2 48 1.5 BPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 1 3/4 48 2.25 QPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 2 1/2 48 3 QPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 2 3/4 48 4.5 16-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 4 1/2 48 6 16-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 4 3/4 48 9 64-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 6 2/3 48 12 64-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 6 3/4 48 13.5 BPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 1 1/2 48 3 BPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 1 3/4 48 4.5 QPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 2 1/2 48 6 QPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 2 3/4 48 9 16-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 4 1/2 48 12 16-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 4 3/4 48 18 64-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 6 2/3 48 24 64-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 6 3/4 48 27 BPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 1 1/2 48 6 BPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 1 3/4 48 9 QPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 2 1/2 48 12 QPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 2 3/4 48 18 16-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 4 1/2 48 24 16-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 4 3/4 48 36 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 2/3 48 48 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 3/4 48 54 ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== .. _physical_rates_i_step17: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Reference links * Reference links