802.11k Physical Rates ========================= .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are physical rates in 802.11k?** Physical rates refer to the data transmission speeds supported at the physical layer in 802.11k networks. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11k define new physical rates?** No, 802.11k builds on existing rates defined by base standards like 802.11a/b/g/n/ac. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11k use physical rates?** It uses physical rate information for radio resource measurements and reporting to improve network management. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the role of physical rates in channel measurements?** Physical rates help determine link quality and channel conditions during measurements. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are physical rates constant in 802.11k?** No, they can vary dynamically based on signal quality, interference, and client capabilities. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What modulation schemes affect physical rates?** Modulation schemes like OFDM and DSSS impact achievable physical rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How do 802.11k devices report physical rates?** Devices include current transmission rates in measurement reports as part of radio resource management. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the impact of physical rates on roaming decisions?** Higher physical rates can indicate better link quality, influencing handoff choices. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11k support rate adaptation?** Yes, rate adaptation is handled by underlying standards; 802.11k uses the data for measurements. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How do physical rates relate to throughput?** Physical rates represent raw data speed, but actual throughput depends on protocol overhead and conditions. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are physical rates uniform across all devices in 802.11k networks?** No, they vary based on device capabilities and environmental factors. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How are physical rates measured in 802.11k?** Devices measure signal strength, noise, and rate of successful frame transmissions. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the minimum physical rate in 802.11k?** It depends on the underlying PHY; for example, 1 Mbps in 802.11b or 6 Mbps in 802.11a. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the maximum physical rate supported?** Maximum rates depend on the standard in use, e.g., up to several Gbps in 802.11ac or ax. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does channel width affect physical rates?** Wider channels (e.g., 40 MHz, 80 MHz) enable higher physical rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can physical rates differ between uplink and downlink?** Yes, rates may vary due to differing signal conditions and device capabilities. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the relationship between physical rate and QoS in 802.11k?** Accurate physical rate info supports QoS by enabling better resource allocation. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does interference impact physical rates?** Interference can reduce achievable physical rates by causing retransmissions. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Is physical rate information used for network diagnostics?** Yes, analyzing physical rates helps identify coverage and performance issues. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11k improve physical rate reporting compared to earlier standards?** It standardizes measurement requests and reports, improving accuracy and interoperability. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`physical_rates in 802.11r ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. _physical_rates_k_step4: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: physical_rates in 802.11k ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== Modulation BW Tsc FSP=BW/Tsc Tdata=1/FSP GI=Tdata/4 Symbol=Tdata+GI 1/Symbol Bits/Symbol Code rate Usable sc Rate ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== BPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 1 1/2 48 1.5 BPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 1 3/4 48 2.25 QPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 2 1/2 48 3 QPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 2 3/4 48 4.5 16-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 4 1/2 48 6 16-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 4 3/4 48 9 64-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 6 2/3 48 12 64-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 6 3/4 48 13.5 BPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 1 1/2 48 3 BPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 1 3/4 48 4.5 QPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 2 1/2 48 6 QPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 2 3/4 48 9 16-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 4 1/2 48 12 16-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 4 3/4 48 18 64-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 6 2/3 48 24 64-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 6 3/4 48 27 BPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 1 1/2 48 6 BPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 1 3/4 48 9 QPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 2 1/2 48 12 QPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 2 3/4 48 18 16-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 4 1/2 48 24 16-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 4 3/4 48 36 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 2/3 48 48 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 3/4 48 54 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 5/6 48 57.6 ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== .. _physical_rates_k_step17: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Reference links * Reference links