802.11ae Physical Rates ========================= .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are physical rates in IEEE 802.11ae?** Physical rates refer to the data transmission speeds supported at the physical layer in 802.11ae. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How do 802.11ae physical rates compare to earlier 802.11 standards?** 802.11ae builds upon previous standards but focuses on supporting enhanced management frame prioritization rather than changing rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What modulation schemes are used in 802.11ae?** 802.11ae typically uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), consistent with 802.11ac/ax family standards. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are the data rates fixed or adaptive in 802.11ae?** Data rates are adaptive, changing dynamically based on channel quality and signal conditions. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the range of physical rates supported by 802.11ae?** Rates generally align with those of 802.11ac/ax, ranging from several Mbps up to several Gbps, depending on bandwidth and MIMO use. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11ae handle rate adaptation?** It uses algorithms that monitor signal quality to select the optimal modulation and coding scheme for current conditions. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11ae specify new physical rates for management frames?** It prioritizes management frames but typically uses existing physical rates defined in the underlying PHY. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What bandwidths does 802.11ae support?** Supports 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and 160 MHz channels, consistent with 802.11ac/ax standards. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How do MIMO and spatial streams impact physical rates in 802.11ae?** MIMO technology allows multiple spatial streams to increase throughput proportionally. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are physical rates in 802.11ae backward compatible?** Yes, devices support legacy rates for interoperability with older equipment. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11ae support beamforming to enhance rates?** Yes, beamforming is used to improve signal quality and effective throughput. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does channel quality affect physical rates?** Poor signal conditions cause fallback to lower rates for reliability. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What role does the Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) play?** PLCP encodes data and control information to support transmission at different physical rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can firmware updates change supported physical rates?** Firmware can improve rate adaptation algorithms but cannot add unsupported physical rates defined by hardware. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How are physical rates negotiated between devices?** Devices negotiate rates during association based on capabilities and supported rates lists. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are there limitations on maximum physical rates in 802.11ae?** Maximum rates depend on channel bandwidth, number of spatial streams, and modulation. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How do physical rates impact power consumption?** Higher rates usually consume more power due to increased processing and RF activity. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What challenges affect achieving maximum physical rates?** Environmental interference, hardware limitations, and protocol overhead reduce effective throughput. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11ae enhance reliability while maintaining high physical rates?** By prioritizing management frames to reduce collisions and improve control frame delivery. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`physical_rates in 802.11ae ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. _physical_rates_ae_step4: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: physical_rates in 802.11ae ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== Modulation BW Tsc FSP=BW/Tsc Tdata=1/FSP GI=Tdata/4 Symbol=Tdata+GI 1/Symbol Bits/Symbol Code rate Usable sc Rate ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== BPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 1 1/2 48 1.5 BPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 1 3/4 48 2.25 QPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 2 1/2 48 3 QPSK 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 2 3/4 48 4.5 16-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 4 1/2 48 6 16-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 4 3/4 48 9 64-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 6 2/3 48 12 64-QAM 5 64 78.125 12.8 3.2 16 0.0625 6 3/4 48 13.5 BPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 1 1/2 48 3 BPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 1 3/4 48 4.5 QPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 2 1/2 48 6 QPSK 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 2 3/4 48 9 16-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 4 1/2 48 12 16-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 4 3/4 48 18 64-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 6 2/3 48 24 64-QAM 10 64 156.25 6.4 1.6 8 0.125 6 3/4 48 27 BPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 1 1/2 48 6 BPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 1 3/4 48 9 QPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 2 1/2 48 12 QPSK 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 2 3/4 48 18 16-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 4 1/2 48 24 16-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 4 3/4 48 36 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 2/3 48 48 64-QAM 20 64 312.5 3.2 0.8 4 0.25 6 3/4 48 54 ========== === ==== =========== ============ =========== ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ====== .. _physical_rates_ae_step17: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Reference links * Reference links