802.11ad Physical Rates
============================

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        **What physical data rates does 802.11ad support?**

        802.11ad supports very high data rates ranging from 385 Mbps up to 7 Gbps, utilizing the 60 GHz frequency band.

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        **Which modulation schemes are used in 802.11ad?**

        It uses both Single Carrier (SC) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulations depending on the data rate and link conditions.

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        **How does 802.11ad achieve multi-gigabit throughput?**

        By operating in the wide 2.16 GHz channel bandwidth at 60 GHz, using advanced modulation, coding schemes, and beamforming techniques.

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        **Does 802.11ad support adaptive rate control?**

        Yes, it dynamically adjusts modulation and coding rates based on signal quality to optimize throughput and reliability.

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        **What channel bandwidth does 802.11ad use for physical rates?**

        802.11ad uses wide channels of 2.16 GHz in the unlicensed 60 GHz band, significantly wider than 802.11a’s 20 MHz channels.

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        **How do 802.11ad physical rates compare to earlier Wi-Fi standards?**

        802.11ad rates are much higher, designed for short-range, high-capacity applications like wireless docking and VR streaming.

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        **Are 802.11ad physical rates affected by environmental factors?**

        Yes, the 60 GHz signals have limited range and are sensitive to obstacles, so rates may reduce with distance or blockage.

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        **Where can I find the detailed physical rate tables for 802.11ad?**

        These are specified in the IEEE 802.11ad standard documents (IEEE 802.11-2012 and amendments).


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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`physical_rates in 802.11ad <physical_rates_ad_step4>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <physical_rates_ad_step17>`


.. _physical_rates_ad_step4:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: physical_rates in 802.11ad

         ============ ======= ====== ============ ============ ============ ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ============
         Modulation   BW(GHz) Tsc    FSP=BW/Tsc   Tdata=1/FSP  GI=Tdata/4   Symbol=Tdata+GI  1/Symbol  Bits/Symbol  Code rate   Usable sc   Rate
         ============ ======= ====== ============ ============ ============ ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ============
         π/2-BPSK     2.16    0.568  3802.82      0.263 ns     0.066 ns     0.329 ns         3.04 Gsym  1            1/2         64           385 Mbps
         π/2-BPSK     2.16    0.568  3802.82      0.263 ns     0.066 ns     0.329 ns         3.04 Gsym  1            13/16       64           1.00 Gbps
         π/2-QPSK     2.16    0.568  3802.82      0.263 ns     0.066 ns     0.329 ns         3.04 Gsym  2            1/2         64           770 Mbps
         QPSK         2.16    0.568  3802.82      0.263 ns     0.066 ns     0.329 ns         3.04 Gsym  2            13/16       64           1.54 Gbps
         16-QAM       2.16    0.568  3802.82      0.263 ns     0.066 ns     0.329 ns         3.04 Gsym  4            3/4         64           3.08 Gbps
         16-QAM       2.16    0.568  3802.82      0.263 ns     0.066 ns     0.329 ns         3.04 Gsym  4            13/16       64           4.62 Gbps
         64-QAM       2.16    0.568  3802.82      0.263 ns     0.066 ns     0.329 ns         3.04 Gsym  6            13/16       64           6.75 Gbps
         ============ ======= ====== ============ ============ ============ ================ ========= ============ =========== ========== ============


.. _physical_rates_ad_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links