802.11aj - WiGig (China mmWave 45 & 60 GHz) ============================================= .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 :hidden: :includehidden: 802_11aj/802_11aj 802_11aj/mac_functions 802_11aj/mac_timings 802_11aj/packet_formats 802_11aj/power_save 802_11aj/interoperability 802_11aj/physical_rates 802_11aj/ppdu 802_11aj/channels 802_11aj/PHYs 802.11aj extends WiGig technology to support mmWave communications in Chinese 45 GHz and 60 GHz bands with enhanced range and throughput. .. list-table:: :widths: 20 60 20 :header-rows: 1 * - Category - Description - Use Case * - MAC Functions - Enhanced MAC with support for directional communication, beamforming, and extended range in 45/60 GHz bands. - Managing multi-gigabit, longer-range mmWave links with robust directional connectivity * - MAC Timings - Timing parameters optimized for low-latency and reliable transmissions in mmWave bands including 45 GHz. - Real-time streaming and extended range high-speed data transfers * - Packet Formats - Defines new and extended frame structures compatible with 45 GHz and 60 GHz PHYs, including support for MIMO. - Efficient high-throughput communication across multi-band mmWave channels * - Power Save - Advanced power-saving mechanisms for managing device energy in high-frequency mmWave transmissions. - Prolonging battery life in extended range, high-data-rate wireless devices * - Interoperability - Supports coexistence and fallback mechanisms with 802.11ad and legacy Wi-Fi standards. - Seamless multi-band operation and backward compatibility * - Physical Rates - Data rates up to 7 Gbps with enhancements for longer range at 45 GHz using advanced modulations and MIMO. - High-speed wireless backhaul, VR/AR, and extended-range multi-gigabit links * - PPDU - Multiple PHY types with PPDU formats optimized for 45 GHz and 60 GHz bands, supporting MIMO and beamforming. - Reliable directional transmissions with improved spatial multiplexing * - Channels - Operates in Chinese 45 GHz (42–45 GHz) and 60 GHz (57–71 GHz) bands with wide channels for high throughput. - Flexible multi-band channel usage for extended range and high capacity * - PHY Overview - Utilizes SC and OFDM PHYs with phased-array antenna and MIMO support for enhanced mmWave performance. - High-throughput, extended-range directional wireless communication in 45/60 GHz bands. .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj (WiGig Extension) **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Operates in the 45 GHz (China-specific) and 60 GHz frequency bands - Supports multi-gigabit wireless speeds with enhanced range and reliability - Extended range compared to 802.11ad, suitable for outdoor and indoor use - Utilizes beamforming and phased-array antennas for directional communication - Supports MIMO for improved throughput and link robustness - Maintains backward compatibility and fast session transfer with 802.11ad devices **Use Cases:** - High-speed wireless backhaul links - Extended-range VR/AR applications - Multi-gigabit wireless links in indoor and outdoor environments - Wireless docking and high-capacity data streaming **Related Concepts:** - Beamforming and directional antenna technologies - Multi-band operation across 45 GHz and 60 GHz bands - Fast session transfer (FST) between 2.4/5 GHz and mmWave bands - MIMO for enhanced link capacity and reliability - Integration with existing WiGig (802.11ad/ay) standards .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the capabilities and applications of 802.11aj:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section <802_11aj_step1>` * :ref:`Terminology <802_11aj_step2>` * :ref:`Version Info <802_11aj_step3>` * :ref:`802_11aj Version & IEEE Details <802_11aj_step4>` * :ref:`802_11aj Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <802_11aj_step5>` * :ref:`802_11aj Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 <802_11aj_step6>` * :ref:`Reference links <802_11aj_step16>` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/802_11aj.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj Basics" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj MAC Functions **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Supports directional communication and beamforming in 45 GHz and 60 GHz bands - Enhances MAC layer for improved multi-gigabit and extended range links - Enables fast session transfer (FST) across 2.4/5 GHz, 45 GHz, and 60 GHz bands - Incorporates scheduled and contention-based access tailored for mmWave - Manages directional channel access with refined Service Periods and Beacon Intervals - Closely integrates with PHY for advanced beam alignment, training, and MIMO support **Use Cases:** - High-speed wireless backhaul and extended-range VR/AR applications - Reliable multi-gigabit data transfer indoors and outdoors - Efficient medium access control in dense, high-frequency environments **Related Functions:** - Advanced beamforming training and alignment with MIMO support - Directional channel access scheduling - Fast session transfer (FST) with multi-band interoperability - Enhanced acknowledgment and retransmission for robust links .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj MAC Functions:** * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/mac_functions.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj MAC Functions" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj MAC Timings **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Defines timing parameters optimized for directional transmissions in 45 GHz and 60 GHz bands - Uses scheduled access windows adapted for extended range and MIMO operation - Employs Beacon Intervals and Service Periods for precise resource allocation - Implements TDMA-like mechanisms to maximize throughput and reduce latency - Supports Directional Channel Access to minimize contention in dense deployments - Optimizes beamforming training and session timing for low-latency communication **Use Cases:** - Scheduling high-speed multi-gigabit transmissions over extended distances - Supporting time-sensitive VR/AR streaming and wireless backhaul - Improving efficiency and reliability in dense multi-band networks **Related Timing Parameters:** - Beacon Transmission Interval (BTI) - Association Beamforming Training (A-BFT) - Announcement Time (ATI) - Service Period (SP) and Contention-Based Access Period (CBAP) .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj MAC Timings:** * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/mac_timings.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj MAC Timings" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj Packet Formats **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Defines packet formats optimized for 45 GHz and 60 GHz directional communications - Extends MAC headers to support multi-band operation and MIMO features - Includes specialized control and beamforming headers tailored for extended range - Employs efficient PHY headers for lower overhead in mmWave links - Supports frame aggregation, segmentation, and enhanced directional transmissions - Designed for low-latency, high-throughput wireless backhaul and multimedia applications **Use Cases:** - Transmitting large data payloads with high reliability over extended range mmWave links - Fast and precise beamforming training and alignment in dense deployments - Maintaining compatibility with multi-band Fast Session Transfer (FST) **Related Frame Types:** - Beacon and Sector Sweep frames with multi-band support - Directional control frames including RTS/CTS with enhanced signaling - Acknowledgment frames including Block ACKs adapted for mmWave - High-speed data frames with QoS and aggregation features .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj Packet Formats:** * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/packet_formats.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj Packet Formats" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj Power Saving Mechanisms **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Implements power-saving mechanisms optimized for 45 GHz and 60 GHz directional links - Devices alternate between Doze and Wake states coordinated by the PCP/AP - Supports scheduled service periods and contention-based access periods adapted for extended range - Minimizes power consumption during idle, beamforming training, and low traffic phases - Uses Beacon Interval structures to coordinate power-aware channel access - Designed to extend battery life in high-speed, multi-gigabit wireless devices **Use Cases:** - Conserving energy in portable mmWave devices and wireless backhaul nodes - Efficient power management during beamformed sessions and low-duty operation - Supporting multi-band coexistence with seamless power control **Related Mechanisms:** - Scheduled Service Periods (SPs) adapted for extended range - Beacon Interval and Access Period timing for power coordination - Doze/Wake state transitions managed by PCP/AP - Enhanced power control signaling for directional links .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj Power Saving mechanisms:** * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/power_save.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj Power Saving" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj Interoperability **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Supports coexistence with legacy 802.11 devices and other 60 GHz standards (802.11ad/ay) - Enables multi-band operation in 45 GHz and 60 GHz bands with seamless band switching - Uses Fast Session Transfer (FST) to maintain session continuity across bands - Maintains standardized frame formats for compatibility across PHY variants - Provides mechanisms for discovery, association, and fallback between different bands and PHYs - Facilitates integration in heterogeneous network environments including 2.4/5 GHz legacy Wi-Fi **Use Cases:** - Enabling robust multi-band WiGig networks with backward compatibility - Supporting seamless handover and session persistence in dynamic environments - Facilitating high-throughput multi-gigabit applications across bands **Related Mechanisms:** - Fast Session Transfer (FST) across 45 GHz, 60 GHz, and legacy bands - Multi-band MAC coordination and management - Beacon and Probe-based discovery for multi-band devices - Dual-radio and tri-radio device support for legacy coexistence .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj Interoperability mechanisms:** * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/interoperability.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj Interoperability" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj Physical Rates **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Supports data rates up to 6.7 Gbps in the 60 GHz band and comparable rates in the 45 GHz band - Employs single-carrier and OFDM PHYs with advanced modulation and coding schemes - Uses wide channel bandwidths (up to 2.16 GHz) with channel bonding capabilities - Supports modulation schemes ranging from BPSK up to 64-QAM or higher depending on PHY - Implements dynamic rate adaptation based on channel conditions and beamforming feedback - Utilizes beamforming and MIMO techniques for improved link reliability and throughput **Use Cases:** - High-speed wireless backhaul links in smart city and industrial applications - Multi-gigabit in-room and in-building wireless communications - Low-latency and high-throughput multimedia streaming and data transfers **Related Concepts:** - Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) - Beamforming and phased array antennas - Wide channel bonding and aggregation - Adaptive rate control algorithms .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj Physical Rates:** * :ref:`physical_rates in 802.11aj ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/physical_rates.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj Physical Rates" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj PPDU **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Defines PPDU formats suitable for 45 GHz and 60 GHz mmWave operation - Supports multiple PHY types (e.g. SC, OFDM) adapted for Chinese mmWave bands - Includes preamble structures for synchronization, beamforming training, and channel estimation - Payload carries MAC frames with modulation and coding as supported by the PHY - Enables high-throughput directional communication with adaptive MCS **Use Cases:** - High-speed data transmission over extended‑range mmWave links - Beamforming and alignment between devices in complex environments - Low-latency, multi-gigabit applications in specialty frequency bands **Related Concepts:** - Beamforming training fields and sector sweeps - PHY type signaling and MCS adaptation - Multi‑band PPDU compatibility across 802.11ad/ay/aj - Channel bonding and spatial multiplexing in mmWave .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj PPDU:** * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/ppdu.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj PPDU" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj Channels **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Operates in Chinese mmWave bands: **45 GHz** and **59–64 GHz** bands - Uses wide channels (on the order of GHz) to support high data rates - Channel plan designed to comply with local regulatory constraints - Supports directional operation and minimal interference design - Integrates with beamforming and spatial reuse across bands **Use Cases:** - Multi-gigabit wireless links in Chinese mmWave spectrum - High‑capacity backhaul or point-to-point links - Low-latency applications needing wideband directional channels **Related Concepts:** - Channel allocation and selection in 45 / 60 GHz mmWave bands - Regulatory compliance and coexistence strategies - Beam steering and sectorization - Channel reuse and interference mitigation .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj Channels:** * :ref:`List of channels ` * :ref:`List of channel widths ` * :ref:`List of Bands ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/channels.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj Channels" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11aj PHY **Standard:** IEEE 802.11aj (2018) **Main Features:** - Operates in **both 45 GHz** and **59–64 GHz** mmWave bands, primarily for the Chinese regulatory domain - Extends 802.11ad PHY with support for **new frequency bands and backward compatibility** - Retains **Single Carrier (SC)** and **OFDM PHY** types from 802.11ad, with necessary enhancements - Offers high data rates comparable to 802.11ad (up to 6.75 Gbps), using wide 2.16 GHz channels - Supports beamforming and sector sweep for precise directional communication - Includes **new preamble structures** to accommodate 45 GHz-specific PHY requirements **Use Cases:** - **High-speed wireless links** in the 45 GHz and 60 GHz bands for indoor environments - **Localized high-throughput deployments** (e.g., public venues, enterprise backhaul) - Ensuring **regulatory compliance and compatibility** within China's mmWave spectrum **Related Concepts:** - Multi-band operation between 802.11ad-compatible and 802.11aj-specific PHYs - Beamforming and channel access optimizations for Chinese mmWave bands - Adaptive modulation and coding schemes for variable propagation in 45/60 GHz - Legacy PHY reuse with updated synchronization and signaling .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Explore the details of 802.11aj PHY:** * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./802_11aj/PHYs.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "802.11aj PHY"