802.11aj PHYs
==============


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        **What frequency bands does 802.11aj PHY support?**

        802.11aj PHY operates in the 45 GHz and 59–64 GHz mmWave frequency bands.

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        **What channel bandwidths are defined for 802.11aj PHY?**

        It supports 2.16 GHz wide channels similar to 802.11ad.

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        **Does 802.11aj PHY use OFDM or SC modulation?**

        802.11aj PHY uses single carrier (SC) and OFDM modulations adapted for mmWave frequencies.

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        **What modulation schemes are supported in 802.11aj PHY?**

        Supports BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM.

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        **How does 802.11aj PHY achieve high data rates?**

        Through wide bandwidth channels (2.16 GHz) and high-order modulation schemes up to 256-QAM.

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        **What is the symbol duration in 802.11aj PHY?**

        The symbol duration is typically 4.0 or 3.6 microseconds depending on the modulation.

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        **Does 802.11aj PHY support MIMO?**

        No, 802.11aj does not include MIMO; it relies on directional beamforming.

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        **How does 802.11aj PHY handle beamforming?**

        PHY layer supports training sequences for beamforming but beamforming is coordinated at MAC.

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        **What is the typical PHY data rate range in 802.11aj?**

        Data rates can range from tens of Mbps up to several Gbps depending on conditions and MCS.

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        **Are there different PHY modes in 802.11aj?**

        Yes, it defines SC PHY and OFDM PHY modes optimized for mmWave transmission.

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        **How is PHY synchronization achieved in 802.11aj?**

        Using preamble sequences designed for timing and frequency synchronization.

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        **Does 802.11aj PHY modify the PPDU format?**

        Yes, it includes adaptations for channel bandwidth and beamforming support.

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        **How does 802.11aj PHY handle interference and noise?**

        Directional antennas reduce interference; PHY uses adaptive coding and modulation.

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        **What coding rates are supported in 802.11aj PHY?**

        Common code rates include 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 5/6.

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        **Is 802.11aj PHY backward compatible with 802.11ad?**

        Yes, it maintains backward compatibility for interoperability.

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        **What is the role of the scrambler in 802.11aj PHY?**

        It randomizes data patterns to improve signal integrity and reduce interference.

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        **Does 802.11aj PHY support power saving at PHY layer?**

        PHY works in conjunction with MAC for power save but includes low-power states.

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        **What types of channel coding are used in 802.11aj PHY?**

        Uses convolutional coding and optional LDPC coding for error correction.


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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Reference links <phy_aj_step17>`


.. _phy_aj_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links

       * Reference links