802.11k Packet Formats
What is the role of packet formats in IEEE 802.11k?
Packet formats define the structure of frames used for radio resource measurements and reporting.
How does 802.11k extend standard 802.11 packet formats?
It introduces additional information elements (IEs) to support measurement requests and reports.
What types of frames are used in 802.11k for measurement?
Management frames like Measurement Request, Measurement Report, and Neighbor Reports are key frame types.
What are Information Elements (IEs) in 802.11k packets?
IEs are structured data blocks within frames conveying specific measurement and capability information.
How are Measurement Request frames formatted?
They contain a Measurement Request element specifying the measurement type, duration, and target channels.
What details does a Measurement Report frame include?
Reports include measurement type, results like channel load or noise histogram, and timestamps.
Are 802.11k packets backward compatible with legacy 802.11 devices?
Yes, measurement IEs are added in a way that legacy devices ignore unknown elements without issue.
How does 802.11k packet format handle Neighbor Reports?
Neighbor Reports are embedded in management frames and include BSSID, channel info, and capabilities of neighbors.
What is the significance of the Measurement Pilot field in packet formats?
It helps synchronize and validate measurements by indicating the pilot signal used during measurements.
How does 802.11k ensure secure exchange of measurement packets?
Measurement frames are protected using existing 802.11 security mechanisms such as WPA2.
What is the format of Beacon Reports in 802.11k?
Beacon Reports include details about neighboring AP beacons, such as timestamp, interval, and signal strength.
Do 802.11k packet formats support vendor-specific extensions?
Yes, vendor-specific IEs can be included alongside standard measurement elements.
How is the length of 802.11k packets determined?
Packet length depends on the number and size of included IEs and measurement data.
Can 802.11k packets be aggregated with other frames?
Typically, measurement frames are sent separately but can coexist within the same transmission opportunity.
What is the role of the Duration/ID field in 802.11k packets?
It indicates the duration of the frame transmission and assists in virtual carrier sensing.
How does the Sequence Control field function in 802.11k packets?
It manages the sequencing of frames to detect duplicates and maintain order.
What is the significance of QoS fields in 802.11k measurement packets?
QoS tagging can prioritize measurement frames when needed to meet timing requirements.
Are Control frames involved in 802.11k packet formats?
Mainly management frames are used, but some control frames can carry measurement info indirectly.
How do 802.11k packet formats support roaming decisions?
By carrying detailed neighbor and measurement info, they enable clients to select optimal APs.
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