Basics of Character Single Dimension Array =========================================== In this section, you are going to learn .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow What are the basic properties of a character single dimension array ? .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow What are the different expressions of single dimension array ? .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow What are synonymous expresions of single dimension array ? .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow How to find sizeof() of expressions of single dimenstion array ? .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : Syntax ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : FAQs ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Examples ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Example 1 ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Example 2 ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Properties ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Expressions ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : Synonym Expressions ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : typeof(expression) ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : sizeof(expression) ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : fun(expression) ` * :ref:`Character Single Dimension Array : All Examples of Function Calls ` .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_0_0: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : Syntax .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow char array_name[Column]; .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_0_1: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : FAQs Consider a Character Single Dimension Array .. code-block:: c char a[10]; .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Let us answer few basic questions in this array .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow How many characters can be stored in this array ? .. dropdown:: See Answer Number of Characters = 10 .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow How many bytes are there in this array ? .. dropdown:: See Answer Number of Bytes = 10 .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow What is the sizeof the array ? .. dropdown:: See Answer sizeof(a) = Number of Bytes = 10 .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow How many bits can be stored in this array ? .. dropdown:: See Answer Number of Bits = sizeof(a) * 8 = 10 * 8 = 80 bits .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_0_2: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Examples .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Let us now explore basic examples of single dimension array ! .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_0_3: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Example 1 * Step 1 : Define a Single Dimension Array .. code-block:: c char a[10] = "Laptop"; * Step 2 : Access and Print individual characters .. code-block:: c for (int i = 0; i < strlen(a); i++) { printf("%c", a[i]); } * Step 3 : Access and Print individual strings .. code-block:: c printf("%s", a); * Step 4 : See the full program below .. code-block:: c #include #include int main(void) { char a[10] = "Laptop"; // Print individual characters printf("---------- Access and Print Individual Characters --------------\n"); for (int i = 0; i < strlen(a); i++) { printf("%c", a[i]); } printf("\n"); // Print string printf("---------- Access and Print Individual String --------------\n"); printf("%s", a); printf("\n"); return 0; } * Step 5 : Output is as below .. code-block:: c ---------- Access and Print Individual Characters -------------- Laptop ---------- Access and Print Individual String -------------- Laptop .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_0_4: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Example 2 * Step 1 : Define a Single Dimension Array .. code-block:: c char a[10] = { 'L', 'a', 'p', 't', 'o', 'p', '\0' }; * Step 2 : Access and Print individual characters .. code-block:: c for (int i = 0; i < strlen(a); i++) { printf("%c", a[i]); } * Step 3 : Access and Print individual strings .. code-block:: c printf("%s", a); * Step 4 : See the full program below .. code-block:: c #include #include int main(void) { char a[10] = { 'L', 'a', 'p', 't', 'o', 'p', '\0' }; // Print individual characters printf("---------- Access and Print Individual Characters --------------\n"); for (int i = 0; i < strlen(a); i++) { printf("%c", a[i]); } printf("\n"); // Print string printf("---------- Access and Print Individual String --------------\n"); printf("%s", a); printf("\n"); return 0; } * Step 5 : Output is as below .. code-block:: c ---------- Access and Print Individual Characters -------------- Laptop ---------- Access and Print Individual String -------------- Laptop .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_1: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Properties .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Let us now explore Double Dimension Array in depth ! Consider a character single dimension array .. code-block:: c char a[10]; Then below are the properties * Expressions * Synonyms * typeof(expression) * sizeof(expression) * fun(expression) .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_2: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : Basic Expressions .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Know what are the possible expressions and how to properly call them ! =================== ====================================================== Expression Description =================== ====================================================== a[0] * ``a[0]`` is first character in the array a[1] * ``a[1]`` is second character in the array a[9] * ``a[9]`` is tenth character in the array &a[0] * ``&a[0]`` is address of first character &a[1] * ``&a[1]`` is address of second character &a[9] * ``&a[9]`` is address of tenth character \*a * ``*a`` is first character in the array \*(a + 1) * ``*(a + 1)`` is second character in the array \*(a + 9) * ``*(a + 9)`` is tenth character in the array a * ``a`` is address of first character * ``a`` is an array of ten characters a + 1 * ``a + 1`` is address of second character * ``a`` is an array of nine characters a + 9 * ``a + 9`` is address of tenth character * ``a + 9`` is an array of one character &a * ``&a`` is the address of array of characters =================== ====================================================== .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_3: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : Synonym Expressions .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Synonyms : Which can be used interchangeably ! .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Programmatically few expressions are one and the same ! Let us learn them =================== ======================================== Expression Synonyms =================== ======================================== a[0] \*a a[1] \*(a + 1) a[9] \*(a + 9) &a[0] a + 0 a &a[1] a + 1 &a[9] a + 9 \*a a[0] \*(a + 1) a[1] \*(a + 9) a[9] a &a[0] a + 1 &a[1] a + 9 &a[9] &a &a =================== ======================================== .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_4: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : typeof(expression) .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Finding the type of an expression is easy. See below =================== ============== ========================================================= Expression Type Description =================== ============== ========================================================= a[0] char * ``a[0]`` is a character * Hence type is ``char`` a[1] char * ``a[1]`` is a character * Hence type is ``char`` a[9] char * ``a[9]`` is a character * Hence type is ``char`` &a[0] char * * ``a[0]`` is a character * ``typeof(a[0])`` is ``char`` * Hence ``typeof(&a[0])`` is ``char *`` &a[1] char * * ``a[1]`` is a character * ``typeof(a[1])`` is ``char`` * Hence ``typeof(&a[1])`` is ``char *`` &a[9] char * * ``a[9]`` is a character * ``typeof(a[9])`` is ``char`` * Hence ``typeof(&a[9])`` is ``char *`` \*a char * ``*a`` is a character * Hence type is ``char`` \*(a + 1) char * ``*(a + 1)`` is a character * Hence type is ``char`` \*(a + 9) char * ``*(a + 9)`` is a character * Hence type is ``char`` a char * * ``a`` is equal to ``&a[0]`` * Hence ``typeof(a)`` is ``char *`` a + 1 char * * ``a + 1`` is equal to ``&a[1]`` * Hence ``typeof(a + 1)`` is ``char *`` a + 9 char * * ``a + 9`` is equal to ``&a[9]`` * Hence ``typeof(a + 9)`` is ``char *`` &a char (* )[10] * ``&a`` is address of complete array =================== ============== ========================================================= .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_5: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : sizeof(expression) =================== ========= =============================== sizeof(expression) size Description =================== ========= =============================== sizeof(a[0]) 1 Byte a[0] is a character sizeof(a[1]) 1 Byte a[1] is a character sizeof(a[9]) 1 Byte a[9] is a charcter sizeof(&a[0]) 8 Bytes &a[0] is address / pointer sizeof(&a[1]) 8 Bytes &a[1] is address / pointer sizeof(&a[9]) 8 Bytes &a[9] is address / pointer sizeof(\*a) 1 Byte \*a is a character sizeof(\*(a + 1) ) 1 Byte \*(a + 1) is a character sizeof(\*(a + 9) ) 1 Byte \*(a + 9) is a character sizeof(a) 10 Bytes a is an array of 10 characters sizeof(a + 1) 8 Bytes a + 1 is address / pointer sizeof(a + 9) 8 Bytes a + 9 is address / pointer sizeof(&a) 8 Bytes &a is address / pointer =================== ========= =============================== * See the full program below .. code-block:: c #include int main(void) { char a[10]; printf("sizeof(a[0]) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(a[0]) ); printf("sizeof(a[1]) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(a[1]) ); printf("sizeof(a[9]) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(a[9]) ); printf("sizeof(&a[0]) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(&a[0]) ); printf("sizeof(&a[1]) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(&a[1]) ); printf("sizeof(&a[9]) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(&a[9]) ); printf("sizeof(*a) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(*a) ); printf("sizeof( *(a + 1) ) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof( *(a + 1) ) ); printf("sizeof( *(a + 9) ) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof( *(a + 9) ) ); printf("sizeof(a) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(a) ); printf("sizeof(a + 1) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(a + 1) ); printf("sizeof(a + 9) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(a + 9) ); printf("sizeof(&a) = %d\t\n", (int) sizeof(&a) ); return 0; } * Output is as below on 64 bit OS .. code-block:: c sizeof(a[0]) = 1 sizeof(a[1]) = 1 sizeof(a[9]) = 1 sizeof(&a[0]) = 8 sizeof(&a[1]) = 8 sizeof(&a[9]) = 8 sizeof(*a) = 1 sizeof( *(a + 1) ) = 1 sizeof( *(a + 9) ) = 1 sizeof(a) = 10 sizeof(a + 1) = 8 sizeof(a + 9) = 8 sizeof(&a) = 8 .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_6: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : fun(expression) .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow If ``fun(x)`` is the function call, then ``fun(typeof(x))`` is the prototype / definition ================== =============================== ========================================================================== Function Call Function Definition Observations ================== =============================== ========================================================================== fun(a[0]) void fun(char x) { } * Call by Value fun(a[1]) void fun(char x) { } * Call by Value fun(a[9]) void fun(char x) { } * Call by Value fun(&a[0]) void fun(char \*p) { } * Call by Reference fun(&a[1]) void fun(char \*p) { } * Call by Reference fun(&a[9]) void fun(char \*p) { } * Call by Reference fun(\*a) void fun(char x) { } * Call by Value fun(\*(a + 1)) void fun(char x) { } * Call by Value fun(\*(a + 9)) void fun(char x) { } * Call by Value fun(a) void fun(char \*p) { } * Call by Reference fun(a + 1) void fun(char \*p) { } * Call by Reference fun(a + 9) void fun(char \*p) { } * Call by Reference fun(&a) void fun(char (\*p) [10] ) { } * Call by Reference ================== =============================== ========================================================================== .. _array_n_ptrs_char_sd_array_ex_7: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Character Single Dimension Array : All Examples of Function Calls .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Read more about function calls and conventions of :doc:`../../funcs_n_ptrs/funcs_n_chars/char_sd_array` .. card:: See Also * Other topics of character and functions * :doc:`./char_sd_array` * :doc:`./char_dd_array` * :doc:`./char_td_array` * Current Module * :doc:`../array_n_ptrs` * Previous Module * :doc:`../../basic_ptr/basic_ptr` * Next Module * :doc:`../../malloc_ptr/malloc_ptr` * Other Modules * :doc:`../../variable_and_ptr/variable_and_ptr` * :doc:`../../array_n_ptrs/array_n_ptrs` * :doc:`../../malloc_ptr/malloc_ptr` * :doc:`../../typecasting_n_ptr/typecasting_n_ptr` * :doc:`../../const_ptr/const_ptr` * :doc:`../../void_ptr/void_ptr` * :doc:`../../array_of_ptr/array_of_ptr` * :doc:`../../ptr_to_array/ptr_to_array` * :doc:`../../function_ptr/function_ptr` * :doc:`../../memcpy_ptr/memcpy_ptr` * :doc:`../../pre_incr_ptr/pre_incr_ptr` * :doc:`../../post_incr_ptr/post_incr_ptr` * :doc:`../../pre_decr_ptr/pre_decr_ptr` * :doc:`../../post_decr_ptr/post_decr_ptr`