Array of char Single Pointers
==============================

In this section, you are going to learn

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		How to use single pointer with a variable ?

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		How to use single pointer with an array of characters ?

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		How to use single pointer with heap ?

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		What is the syntax for Array of Single Pointers ?

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		Basics of Array of Single Pointers

		* :ref:`Array of character pointers <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex7>`
		* :ref:`Example 1 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to variables <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex8>`
		* :ref:`Example 2 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to single dimension arrays <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex9>`
		* :ref:`Example 3 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to Heap <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex10>`
		* :ref:`Example 4 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to Read only Strings <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex11>`
		* :ref:`Example 5 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to Single dimension rows inside Double dimension arrays <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex12>`
		* :ref:`Example 6: Array of character pointers : Combine all the above <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex13>`


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		Functions and Array of Single Pointers

		* :ref:`Example 7 : Array of character pointers : Pass by Value : Without typedef <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex14>`
		* :ref:`Example 8 : Array of character pointers : Pass by Value : With typedef <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex15>`
		* :ref:`Example 9 : Array of character pointers : Pass by Reference : Without typedef <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex16>`
		* :ref:`Example 10 : Array of character pointers : Pass by Reference : With typedef <array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex17>`

.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex7:

.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Array of character pointers

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			Syntax : char * ptr [ ] = { p1, p2, p3 , etc., };

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			* ``ptr`` is array of character pointers

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			* ptr[0], ptr[1], ptr[2] are single pointers


		======================================================== ===============
		What can we do with Single pointer ?
		======================================================== ===============
		* can hold address of a simple character variable
		* can point to start of single dimension array
		* can point to memory in heap
		* can point to read only string
		* can point to a row in a double dimension array
		======================================================== ===============

		========================================================================== ===============
		What can we do with ptr[0], ptr[1] ?
		========================================================================== ===============
		ptr[0], ptr[1], ptr[2] ... are single pointers
		ptr[0], ptr[1], ptr[2] can hold address of a simple character variable
		ptr[0], ptr[1], ptr[2] can point to start of single dimension array
		ptr[0], ptr[1], ptr[2] can point to memory in heap
		ptr[0], ptr[1], ptr[2] can point to read only string
		ptr[0], ptr[1], ptr[2] can point to a row in a double dimension array
		========================================================================== ===============


.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex8:


.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 1 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to variables

		* Step 1 : Define an array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			char x = 65;
			char y = 66;
			char z = 67;

			char *ptr[] = { &x, &y, &z };

		* Step 2 : Read variables using pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			printf("x = %d\n", *ptr[0]);
			printf("y = %d\n", *ptr[1]);
			printf("z = %d\n", *ptr[2]);

		* Step 3 : Write variables using pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			*ptr[0] = 100; // changes x
			*ptr[1] = 101; // changes y
			*ptr[2] = 102; // changes z

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>

			int main(void)
			{
			        char x = 65; 
			        char y = 66; 
			        char z = 67; 

			        char *ptr[] = { &x, &y, &z };

			        printf("x = %d\n", *ptr[0]);
			        printf("y = %d\n", *ptr[1]);
			        printf("z = %d\n", *ptr[2]);

			        *ptr[0] = 100;
			        *ptr[1] = 101;
			        *ptr[2] = 102;

			        printf("x = %d\n", *ptr[0]);
			        printf("y = %d\n", *ptr[1]);
			        printf("z = %d\n", *ptr[2]);

			        return 0;
			}


.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex9:


.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 2 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to single dimension arrays

		* Step 1 : Define an array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			char arr0[] = "Laptop";
			char arr1[] = "Mouse";
			char arr2[] = "SCSI";

			char *ptr[] = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

		* Step 2 : Read variables using pointers

		.. code-block:: c

		        printf("arr0 = %s\n", ptr[0]);
		        printf("arr1 = %s\n", ptr[1]);
		        printf("arr2 = %s\n", ptr[2]);

		OR

		.. code-block:: c

			//Iterate array of pointers using pointer
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr[i]);
			}

		* Step 3 : Write variables using pointers

		.. code-block:: c

		        strcpy(ptr[1], "Keyboard");

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>
			#include <stdlib.h>

			int main(void)
			{
			        char arr0[10] = "Laptop";
			        char arr1[10] = "Mouse";
			        char arr2[10] = "SCSI";

			        //ptr[0] is pointing to arr0
			        //ptr[1] is pointing to arr1
			        //ptr[2] is pointing to arr2
			        char *ptr[] = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

			        //Read using pointers
			        printf("arr0 = %s\n", ptr[0]);
			        printf("arr1 = %s\n", ptr[1]);
			        printf("arr2 = %s\n", ptr[2]);

			        //Write using pointers
			        strcpy(ptr[1], "Keyboard");

			        //Iterate array of pointers using pointer
			        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr[i]);
			        }   

			        return 0;
			}


.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex10:


.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 3 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to Heap

		* Step 1 : Define an array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			char *p1 = malloc(10);
			char *p2 = malloc(10);
			char *p3 = malloc(10);

			char *ptr[] = { p1, p2, p3 };

		* Step 2 : Write variables using array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			strcpy(ptr[0], "Laptop");
			strcpy(ptr[1], "Keyboard");
			strcpy(ptr[2], "Mouse");

		* Step 3 : Read variables using array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			for (int i = 0;i < 3; i++) {
				printf("String : %d : %s\n", i, ptr[i]);
			}  

		* Step 4 : Free Heap using using array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			for (int i = 0;i < 3; i++) {
				free(ptr[i]);
			}

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>
			#include <stdlib.h>

			int main(void)
			{
			        char *p1 = malloc(10);
			        char *p2 = malloc(10);
			        char *p3 = malloc(10);

			        char *ptr[] = { p1, p2, p3 };

			        //Write heap using array of pointers
			        strcpy(ptr[0], "Laptop");      
			        strcpy(ptr[1], "Keyboard");    
			        strcpy(ptr[2], "Mouse");    

			        //Read heap using array of pointers
			        for (int i = 0;i < 3; i++) {
			                printf("String : %d : %s\n", i, ptr[i]);
			        }   

			        //Free heap using array of pointers
			        for (int i = 0;i < 3; i++) {
			                free(ptr[i]);
			        }

			        return 0;
			}


.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex11:


.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 4 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to Read only Strings

		* Step 1 : Define an array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			char *ptr[] = { "Laptop", "Mouse", "SCSI" };

		* Step 2 : Read variables using pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			for (int i = 0; i < 3 ; i++) {
				printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr[i]);
			}

		* Step 3 : Write variables using pointers

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			Not possible ! Since pointers are pointing to read only strings !


		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>

			int main(void)
			{
			        char *ptr[] = { "Laptop", "Mouse", "SCSI" };

			        for (int i = 0; i < 3 ; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr[i]);
			        }   

			        return 0;
			}


.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex12:


.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 5 : Array of character pointers : Pointers pointing to Single dimension rows inside Double dimension arrays

		* Step 1 : Define an array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			char buffers[3][10] = { "Laptop", "Mouse", "SCSI" };

			char *ptr[] = { buffers[0], buffers[1], buffers[2] };

		* Step 2 : Read variables using array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			for (int i = 0; i < 3 ; i++) {
				printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr[i]);
			}

		* Step 3 : Write variables using array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

		        strcpy(ptr[2], "Keyboard");

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>

			int main(void)
			{
			        char buffers[3][10] = { "Laptop", "Mouse", "SCSI" };

			        char *ptr[] = { buffers[0], buffers[1], buffers[2] };

			        strcpy(ptr[2], "Keyboard");

			        for (int i = 0; i < 3 ; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr[i]);
			        }

				return 0;
			}



.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex13:



.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 6 : Array of character pointers : Combine all the above

		* Step 1 : Define an array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			char *ptr[] = {&x, p, arr, str, hstr, buffers[1] };

		Here there are 6 pointers. See below

		================== ===============================================================
		Pointer
		================== ===============================================================
		``ptr[0]``         Holds address of variable ``x``
		``ptr[1]``	   Holds address of variable ``y``
		``ptr[2]``         Holds startiing address of array ``arr``
		``ptr[3]``         Holds starting address of readonly string ``str``
		``ptr[4]``         Holds starting address of memory in heap ``hstr``
		``ptr[5]``         Holds starting address of single dimension array ``buffers[1]``
		================== ===============================================================

		* Step 2 : Use ``ptr[0]`` to access contents of ``x``

		.. code-block:: c

			// Access variable "x" using ptr[0]
			printf("First character in ptr[0] = %c\n", *ptr[0]);
			printf("First character in ptr[0] = %c\n", ptr[0][0]);

		* Step 3 : Use ``ptr[1]`` to access contents of ``y``

		.. code-block:: c

		        // Access variable "y" using ptr[1]
		        printf("First character in ptr[1] = %c\n", *ptr[1]);
		        printf("First character in ptr[1] = %c\n", ptr[1][0]);

		* Step 4 : Use ``ptr[2]`` to access contents of ``arr``

		.. code-block:: c

		        // Access full string present in "arr" using ptr[2]
		        printf("Printing arr using ptr[2] : %s\n", ptr[2]);

		        //Access individual characters in "arr" using ptr[2]
		        for (int i = 0; i < strlen(ptr[2]); i++)
		        {
		                printf("ptr[2][%d] = %c\n", i, ptr[2][i]);
		        }

		* Step 5 : Use ``ptr[3]`` to access contents of ``str``

		.. code-block:: c

		        // Access full string present in "arr" using ptr[3]
		        printf("Printing str using ptr[3] : %s\n", ptr[3]);

		        //Access individual characters in "arr" using ptr[3]
		        for (int i = 0; i < strlen(ptr[3]); i++)
		        {
		                printf("ptr[3][%d] = %c\n", i, ptr[3][i]);
		        }

		* Step 6 : Use ``ptr[4]`` to access contents of ``hstr``

		.. code-block:: c

		        // Access full string present in "arr" using ptr[4]
		        printf("Printing hstr using ptr[4] : %s\n", ptr[4]);

		        //Access individual characters in "arr" using ptr[4]
		        for (int i = 0; i < strlen(ptr[4]); i++)
		        {
                		printf("ptr[4][%d] = %c\n", i, ptr[4][i]);
		        }


		* Step 7 : Use ``ptr[5]`` to access contents of ``buffers[1]``

		.. code-block:: c

		        // Access full string present in "arr" using ptr[5]
        		printf("Printing buffers[1] using ptr[5] : %s\n", ptr[5]);

	        	//Access individual characters in "arr" using ptr[5]
	        	for (int i = 0; i < strlen(ptr[5]); i++)
		        {
        		        printf("ptr[5][%d] = %c\n", i, ptr[5][i]);
		        }

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>
			#include <stdlib.h>

			int main(void)
			{
			        char x = 65;
			        char y = 66;
			        char *p = &y;
			        char arr[] = "Laptop";
			        char *str = "Mouse";

			        char *hstr = malloc(10 * sizeof(char));
			        strcpy(hstr, "scsi");

			        char buffers[][10] = {"Home", "House", "Palace" };

			        char *ptr[] = {&x, p, arr, str, hstr, buffers[1] };

			        // Access variable "x" using ptr[0]
        			printf("First character in ptr[0] = %c\n", *ptr[0]);
			        printf("First character in ptr[0] = %c\n", ptr[0][0]);

			        // Access variable "y" using ptr[1]
			        printf("First character in ptr[1] = %c\n", *ptr[1]);
			        printf("First character in ptr[1] = %c\n", ptr[1][0]);

			        // Access full string present in "arr" using ptr[2]
			        printf("Printing arr using ptr[2] : %s\n", ptr[2]);
			        //Access individual characters in "arr" using ptr[2]
			        for (int i = 0; i < strlen(ptr[2]); i++)
			        {
			                printf("ptr[2][%d] = %c\n", i, ptr[2][i]);
        			}

			        // Access full string present in "arr" using ptr[3]
			        printf("Printing str using ptr[3] : %s\n", ptr[3]);
			        //Access individual characters in "arr" using ptr[3]
			        for (int i = 0; i < strlen(ptr[3]); i++)
        			{
			                printf("ptr[3][%d] = %c\n", i, ptr[3][i]);
			        }

			        // Access full string present in "arr" using ptr[4]
			        printf("Printing hstr using ptr[4] : %s\n", ptr[4]);
			        //Access individual characters in "arr" using ptr[4]
			        for (int i = 0; i < strlen(ptr[4]); i++)
			        {
			                printf("ptr[4][%d] = %c\n", i, ptr[4][i]);
			        }

			        // Access full string present in "arr" using ptr[5]
			        printf("Printing buffers[1] using ptr[5] : %s\n", ptr[5]);
			        //Access individual characters in "arr" using ptr[5]
			        for (int i = 0; i < strlen(ptr[5]); i++)
			        {
			                printf("ptr[5][%d] = %c\n", i, ptr[5][i]);
        			}

			        free(hstr);

			        return 0;
			}

.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex14:

.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 7 : Array of character pointers : Pass by Value : Without typedef

		* Step 1 : Define an array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

		        char arr0[10] = "Laptop";
		        char arr1[10] = "Mouse";
		        char arr2[10] = "SCSI";

		        char *ptr[] = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

		* Step 2 : Pass array of pointers by value

		.. code-block:: c

		        fun(ptr);

		* Step 3 : Define a function which takes array of pointers as parameter

		.. code-block:: c

			void fun(char *ptr_v[])
			{

			}

		* Step 4 : Read variables using array of pointers inside function

		.. code-block:: c

			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr_v[i]);
			}

		* Step 5 : Write variables using array of pointers inside function

		.. code-block:: c

			strcpy(ptr_v[1], "Keyboard");

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>
			#include <stdlib.h>

			void fun(char *ptr_v[])
			{
			        //Read using pointers
			        printf("arr0 = %s\n", ptr_v[0]);
			        printf("arr1 = %s\n", ptr_v[1]);
			        printf("arr2 = %s\n", ptr_v[2]);

			        //Write using pointers
			        strcpy(ptr_v[1], "Keyboard");

			        //Iterate array of pointers using pointer
			        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr_v[i]);
			        }   
			}

			int main(void)
			{
			        char arr0[10] = "Laptop";
			        char arr1[10] = "Mouse";
			        char arr2[10] = "SCSI";

			        //ptr[0] is pointing to arr0
			        //ptr[1] is pointing to arr1
			        //ptr[2] is pointing to arr2
			        char *ptr[] = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

			        fun(ptr);

			        return 0;
			}

.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex15:

.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 8 : Array of character pointers : Pass by Value : With typedef

		* Step 1 : Define a type for array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			typedef char *tptr[];

		* Step 1 : Define an array of pointers using new type ``tptr``

		.. code-block:: c

			tptr ptr = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

		* Step 2 : Pass array of pointers by Value

		.. code-block:: c

			fun(ptr);

		* Step 3 : Define a function which takes array of pointers as parameter

		.. code-block:: c

			void fun(tptr ptr_v)
			{

			}

		* Step 4 : Read variables using array of pointers inside function

		.. code-block:: c

			printf("arr0 = %s\n", ptr_v[0]);
			printf("arr1 = %s\n", ptr_v[1]);
			printf("arr2 = %s\n", ptr_v[2]);

		* Step 5 : Write variables using array of pointers inside function

		.. code-block:: c

			strcpy(ptr_v[1], "Keyboard");

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>
			#include <stdlib.h>

			typedef char *tptr[];

			void fun(tptr ptr_v)
			{
			        //Read using pointers
			        printf("arr0 = %s\n", ptr_v[0]);
			        printf("arr1 = %s\n", ptr_v[1]);
			        printf("arr2 = %s\n", ptr_v[2]);

			        //Write using pointers
			        strcpy(ptr_v[1], "Keyboard");

			        //Iterate array of pointers using pointer
			        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, ptr_v[i]);
			        }
			}

			int main(void)
			{
			        char arr0[10] = "Laptop";
			        char arr1[10] = "Mouse";
			        char arr2[10] = "SCSI";

			        tptr ptr = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

			        fun(ptr);

			        return 0;
			}

.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex16:

.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 9 : Array of character pointers : Pass by Reference : Without typedef

		* Step 1 : Define array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			char arr0[10] = "Laptop";
			char arr1[10] = "Mouse";
			char arr2[10] = "SCSI";

			char *ptr[] = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

		* Step 2 : Pass array of pointers by reference to a function

		.. code-block:: c

			fun(&ptr);

		* Step 3 : Define the function ``fun`` and perform read, write

		.. code-block:: c

			void fun(char * (*ptr_r)[])
			{
			        //Read using pointers
			        printf("arr0 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[0]);
			        printf("arr1 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[1]);
			        printf("arr2 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[2]);

			        //Write using pointers
			        strcpy((*ptr_r)[1], "Keyboard");

			        //Iterate array of pointers using pointer
			        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, (*ptr_r)[i]);
			        }
			}

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>
			#include <stdlib.h>

			void fun(char * (*ptr_r)[])
			{
			        //Read using pointers
			        printf("arr0 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[0]);
			        printf("arr1 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[1]);
			        printf("arr2 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[2]);

			        //Write using pointers
			        strcpy((*ptr_r)[1], "Keyboard");

			        //Iterate array of pointers using pointer
			        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, (*ptr_r)[i]);
			        }
			}

			int main(void)
			{
			        char arr0[10] = "Laptop";
			        char arr1[10] = "Mouse";
			        char arr2[10] = "SCSI";

			        //ptr[0] is pointing to arr0
			        //ptr[1] is pointing to arr1
			        //ptr[2] is pointing to arr2
			        char *ptr[] = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

			        fun(&ptr);

			        return 0;
			}

.. _array_of_ptr_char_sp_ex17:

.. tab-set::

        .. tab-item:: Example 10 : Array of character pointers : Pass by Reference : With typedef

		* Step 1 : Define the type for array of pointers

		.. code-block:: c

			typedef char *tptr[];

		* Step 2 : Define array of pointers
		
		.. code-block:: c

			char arr0[10] = "Laptop";
			char arr1[10] = "Mouse";
			char arr2[10] = "SCSI";

			tptr ptr = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

		* Step 3 : Pass array of pointers by reference to a function

		.. code-block:: c

			fun(&ptr);

		* Step 4 : Define the function ``fun1`` and perform read, write

		.. code-block:: c

			void fun(tptr *ptr_r)
			{
			        //Read using pointers
			        printf("arr0 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[0]);
			        printf("arr1 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[1]);
			        printf("arr2 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[2]);

			        //Write using pointers
			        strcpy((*ptr_r)[1], "Keyboard");

			        //Iterate array of pointers using pointer
			        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, (*ptr_r)[i]);
			        }
			}

		* See full program below

		.. code-block:: c

			#include <stdio.h>
			#include <string.h>
			#include <stdlib.h>

			typedef char *tptr[];

			void fun(tptr *ptr_r)
			{
			        //Read using pointers
			        printf("arr0 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[0]);
			        printf("arr1 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[1]);
			        printf("arr2 = %s\n", (*ptr_r)[2]);

			        //Write using pointers
			        strcpy((*ptr_r)[1], "Keyboard");

			        //Iterate array of pointers using pointer
			        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			                printf("String %d : %s\n", i, (*ptr_r)[i]);
			        }
			}

			int main(void)
			{
			        char arr0[10] = "Laptop";
			        char arr1[10] = "Mouse";
			        char arr2[10] = "SCSI";

			        tptr ptr = { arr0, arr1, arr2 };

			        fun(&ptr);

			        return 0;
			}

.. card:: See Also

        * Current Module

                * :doc:`../array_of_ptr`

        * Previous Module

                * :doc:`../../void_ptr/void_ptr`

        * Next Module

                * :doc:`../../ptr_to_array/ptr_to_array`

        * Other Modules

                * :doc:`../../variable_and_ptr/variable_and_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../array_n_ptrs/array_n_ptrs`
                * :doc:`../../malloc_ptr/malloc_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../typecasting_n_ptr/typecasting_n_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../funcs_n_ptrs/funcs_n_ptrs`
                * :doc:`../../memcpy_ptr/memcpy_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../const_ptr/const_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../function_ptr/function_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../pre_incr_ptr/pre_incr_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../post_incr_ptr/post_incr_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../pre_decr_ptr/pre_decr_ptr`
                * :doc:`../../post_decr_ptr/post_decr_ptr`