Name Resolution / Name Servers ============================== This section covers protocols and systems used to resolve hostnames to IP addresses on local networks and the internet. These protocols help identify and reach systems using human-readable names. .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 :hidden: :includehidden: ALLJoyn_NS DNS DDNS LLMNR mDNS NBNS .. list-table:: :widths: 20 60 20 :header-rows: 1 * - Protocol - Description - Use Case * - ALLJOYN-NS - Part of the AllJoyn framework, used for name resolution and service discovery in IoT environments. *Resolves names and services in proximity networks using a decentralized approach.* - IoT device name resolution and service discovery * - DNS (Domain Name System) - Core protocol that translates domain names to IP addresses on the internet. *Hierarchical and distributed naming system.* - Accessing websites, resolving hostnames in enterprise networks * - DDNS (Dynamic DNS) - Extension of DNS that automatically updates records when IPs change. *Useful for hosts with dynamic IP addresses.* - Home networks, dynamic IP systems, remote access * - LLMNR (Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution) - Allows name resolution for hosts on the same local network without a DNS server. *Uses multicast over IPv4 or IPv6.* - Peer-to-peer name resolution in small networks * - mDNS (Multicast DNS) - Resolves hostnames to IPs in small networks without needing a DNS server. *Used by Apple Bonjour and other zero-configuration systems.* - Home/office network device discovery * - NBNS (NetBIOS Name Service) - Resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses in local networks. *Used in legacy Windows environments.* - Legacy file and print sharing .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: ALLJOYN-NS **Main Features:** - Part of the AllJoyn IoT framework - Decentralized name resolution and service discovery - Operates in proximity-based networks without central DNS **Use Cases:** - Smart home or industrial IoT environments - Ad hoc device discovery and communication - Secure, local device resolution without DNS infrastructure **Alternative Protocols:** - mDNS – Zero-configuration multicast resolution - LLMNR – Link-local resolution on IPv4/IPv6 .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about ALLJOYN-NS:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Usecases ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Basic Features ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Feature : UDP-Based Discovery ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Feature : Name Advertisement ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Feature : Multicast and Unicast Support ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Feature : Platform Agnostic ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Feature : No Central Server Required ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Feature : Dynamic Service Resolution ` * :ref:`ALLJoyn_NS Feature : Integration with AllJoyn Router ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./ALLJoyn_NS.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "ALLJoyn_NS" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: DNS (Domain Name System) **RFCs:** RFC 1034, RFC 1035 **Main Features:** - Distributed and hierarchical resolution system - Maps human-readable domain names to IP addresses - Supports caching, zone transfers, and recursive/iterative queries **Use Cases:** - Resolving domains on the internet - Internal network resource mapping - Email routing and service discovery **Alternative Protocols:** - DDNS – Dynamic record updates - NBNS – Legacy NetBIOS resolution .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about DNS:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`DNS Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`DNS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`DNS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`DNS Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`DNS Usecases ` * :ref:`DNS Basic Features ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Name Resolution ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Record Types ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Caching ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Recursive & Iterative Queries ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Zone Management ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Delegation ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Reverse DNS Lookup ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Security Extensions(DNSSEC) ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Load Balancing ` * :ref:`DNS Feature : Redundancy & Failover ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./DNS.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "DNS" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: DDNS (Dynamic DNS) **RFC:** RFC 2136 **Main Features:** - Allows real-time updates of DNS entries - Integrates with DHCP for automatic IP resolution - Helps maintain consistent hostname mappings for dynamic clients **Use Cases:** - Home/remote access where IPs change frequently - Dynamic cloud-based VM deployments - VPN and DNS automation **Alternative Protocols:** - Static DNS – Manual updates - mDNS – For local dynamic discovery .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about DDNS:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`DDNS Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`DDNS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`DDNS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`DDNS Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`DDNS Usecases ` * :ref:`DDNS Basic Features ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : Dynamic IP Updates ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : Real-Time DNS Mapping ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : Remote Access Support ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : Client Software Integration ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : Authentication ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : IPv4 and IPv6 Support ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : Failover and Redundancy ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : Integration with DHCP ` * :ref:`DDNS Feature : Custom Domain Support ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./DDNS.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "DDNS" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: LLMNR (Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution) **RFC:** RFC 4795 **Main Features:** - Peer-to-peer name resolution over local link - Uses multicast queries on IPv4 and IPv6 - Works without DNS or DHCP servers **Use Cases:** - Small networks and ad-hoc setups - Temporary networking scenarios (labs, conferences) - Environments with limited infrastructure **Alternative Protocols:** - mDNS – Similar local multicast discovery - NBNS – Legacy broadcast resolution .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about LLMNR:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`LLMNR Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`LLMNR Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`LLMNR Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`LLMNR Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`LLMNR Usecases ` * :ref:`LLMNR Basic Features ` * :ref:`LLMNR Feature : DNS-Compatible Format ` * :ref:`LLMNR Feature : Link-Local Scope ` * :ref:`LLMNR Feature : Multicast-Based Communication ` * :ref:`LLMNR Feature : UDP and Optional TCP Support ` * :ref:`LLMNR Feature : IPv4 and IPv6 Support ` * :ref:`LLMNR Feature : No Central Server Required ` * :ref:`LLMNR Feature : Security Limitations ` * :ref:`LLMNR Feature : Microsoft Implementation ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./LLMNR.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "LLMNR" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: mDNS (Multicast DNS) **RFC:** RFC 6762 **Main Features:** - Resolves hostnames on local networks via multicast - Foundation for zero-configuration networking (Bonjour, Avahi) - No need for centralized DNS infrastructure **Use Cases:** - Home/office device discovery - Smart TVs, printers, IoT gadgets - Network service advertisement (e.g., AirPlay, Chromecast) **Alternative Protocols:** - LLMNR – Also multicast-based, but less commonly supported - NBNS – Broadcast-based for legacy Windows systems .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about mDNS:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`mDNS Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`mDNS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`mDNS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`mDNS Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`mDNS Usecases ` * :ref:`mDNS Basic Features ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : Local Name Resolution ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : Zero Configuration ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : Multicast Communication ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : .local Domain Usage ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : Service Discovery (via DNS-SD) ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : Cross-Platform Support ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : No Central Server Needed ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : Automatic Conflict Resolution ` * :ref:`mDNS Feature : Lightweight Protocol ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./mDNS.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "mDNS" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: NBNS (NetBIOS Name Service) **RFC:** RFC 1001, RFC 1002 **Main Features:** - Broadcast-based NetBIOS name resolution - Supports legacy Windows file/print sharing - Works with or without WINS servers **Use Cases:** - Legacy networks with older Windows OS - SMB file sharing environments - Networks transitioning from NetBIOS to DNS **Alternative Protocols:** - DNS – Modern, hierarchical resolution - LLMNR/mDNS – Local name resolution options .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about NBNS:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`NBNS Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`NBNS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`NBNS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`NBNS Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`NBNS Usecases ` * :ref:`NBNS Basic Features ` * :ref:`NBNS Feature : Name-to-IP Resolution ` * :ref:`NBNS Feature : Broadcast-Based Queries ` * :ref:`NBNS Feature : WINS Server Support ` * :ref:`NBNS Feature : Name Registration ` * :ref:`NBNS Feature : Name Conflict Detection ` * :ref:`NBNS Feature : Legacy Compatibility ` * :ref:`NBNS Feature : Session Layer Integration ` * :ref:`NBNS Feature : Limited Scope ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./NBNS.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "NBNS"