IP Routing Protocols ========================= .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 :hidden: :includehidden: IP_Routing_Protocols/EGP IP_Routing_Protocols/IS_IS IP_Routing_Protocols/MP_BGP IP_Routing_Protocols/OSPF IP_Routing_Protocols/RIPv1 IP_Routing_Protocols/RIPv2 This section covers essential routing protocols used in IPv4 networks. These protocols determine how routers exchange information and calculate the best path for forwarding packets through an internetwork. .. list-table:: :widths: 20 60 20 :header-rows: 1 * - Protocol - Description - Use Case * - EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) - One of the earliest routing protocols used to exchange routing info between autonomous systems. Largely obsolete and replaced by BGP. - Inter-AS routing in early networks. * - EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) - Cisco proprietary protocol combining features of distance-vector and link-state protocols. Supports VLSM, fast convergence, and uses DUAL algorithm. - Efficient routing within Cisco-based enterprise networks. * - IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) - Older Cisco proprietary protocol, now deprecated in favor of EIGRP. Limited scalability and slow convergence. - Legacy enterprise routing. * - IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) - Link-state protocol designed for large ISP networks. Scales well and supports both IPv4 and IPv6. - Core ISP and enterprise backbone routing. * - Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP) - Extension of BGP that supports routing for multiple protocols, including IPv6 and MPLS VPNs. - Multi-protocol environments and MPLS networks. * - OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) - Open standard link-state protocol using Dijkstra's algorithm. Supports areas, fast convergence, and VLSM. - Hierarchical and scalable enterprise routing. * - RIPv1 (Routing Information Protocol v1) - Early distance-vector protocol using hop count metric. No support for CIDR or VLSM. - Small networks or legacy equipment. * - RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol v2) - An enhanced version of RIPv1, supporting authentication, CIDR, and multicast updates. - Small-to-medium networks with basic routing needs. .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) **RFC:** RFC 904, RFC 1772 (Historic) **Main Features:** - One of the earliest routing protocols used to exchange routing info between autonomous systems. - Largely obsolete and replaced by BGP. **Use Cases:** - Inter-AS routing in early networks. **Alternative Protocols:** - BGP – Modern exterior gateway protocol used globally. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about EGP:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`EGP Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`EGP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`EGP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`EGP Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`EGP Usecases ` * :ref:`EGP Basic Features ` * :ref:`EGP Feature : Inter-AS Communication ` * :ref:`EGP Feature : Reachability-Based Routing ` * :ref:`EGP Feature : Polling Mechanism ` * :ref:`EGP Feature : Finite-State Machine Model ` * :ref:`EGP Feature : Simple Packet Structure ` * :ref:`EGP Feature : Tree-Like Topology Support ` * :ref:`EGP Feature : Limited Scalability ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./IP_Routing_Protocols/EGP.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "EGP" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) **RFC:** RFC 1142, RFC 1195, RFC 5308 (IPv6 support) **Main Features:** - Link-state protocol designed for large ISP networks. - Scales well and supports both IPv4 and IPv6. **Use Cases:** - Core ISP and enterprise backbone routing. **Alternative Protocols:** - OSPF – Another scalable link-state protocol. - BGP – For inter-domain routing. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about IS-IS:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`IS_IS Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`IS_IS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IS_IS ` * :ref:`IS_IS Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IS_IS ` * :ref:`IS_IS Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`IS_IS Usecases ` * :ref:`IS_IS Basic Features ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : Link-State Protocol ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : Supports Hierarchical Routing ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : Protocol Extensibility via TLVs ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : IPv4 and IPv6 Support ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : Fast Convergence ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : Scalability ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : Authentication Support ` * :ref:`IS_IS Feature : Segment Routing Support ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./IP_Routing_Protocols/IS_IS.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "IS-IS" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: MP-BGP (Multiprotocol BGP) **RFC:** RFC 4271 (BGP-4), RFC 4760 (Multiprotocol Extensions) **Main Features:** - Extension of BGP that supports routing for multiple protocols, including IPv6 and MPLS VPNs. **Use Cases:** - Multi-protocol environments and MPLS networks. **Alternative Protocols:** - EIGRP – For internal routing within organizations. - IS-IS – Alternative backbone routing protocol. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about MP-BGP:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using MP_BGP ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using MP_BGP ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Usecases ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Basic Features ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : Multiprotocol Support ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : AFI_SAFI Mechanism ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : MP_REACH_NLRI Attribute ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : MP_UNREACH_NLRI Attribute ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : Backward Compatibility ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : Separate Routing Tables ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : Flexible Transport ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : Scalability ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : Policy Control ` * :ref:`MP_BGP Feature : Extensibility ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./IP_Routing_Protocols/MP_BGP.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "MP-BGP" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) **RFC:** RFC 2328 (OSPFv2) **Main Features:** - Open standard link-state protocol using Dijkstra’s algorithm. - Supports areas, fast convergence, and VLSM. **Use Cases:** - Hierarchical and scalable enterprise routing. **Alternative Protocols:** - IS-IS – Another open standard link-state protocol. - EIGRP – Cisco proprietary alternative. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about OSPF:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`OSPF Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`OSPF Basic Setup on Ubuntu using OSPF ` * :ref:`OSPF Basic Setup on Ubuntu using OSPF ` * :ref:`OSPF Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`OSPF Usecases ` * :ref:`OSPF Basic Features ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Link-State Protocol ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Hierarchical Design ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Fast Convergence ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Cost-Based Metric ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Supports VLSM and CIDR ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Multicast Updates ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Authentication Support ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : DR BDR Election ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) ` * :ref:`OSPF Feature : Scalable and Extensible ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./IP_Routing_Protocols/OSPF.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "OSPF" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: RIPv1 (Routing Information Protocol v1) **RFC:** RFC 1058 **Main Features:** - Early distance-vector protocol using hop count metric. - No support for CIDR or VLSM. **Use Cases:** - Small networks or legacy equipment. **Alternative Protocols:** - RIPv2 – Improved version with modern features. - OSPF – For larger or more complex networks. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about RIPv1:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Usecases ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Basic Features ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Feature : Classful Routing ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Feature : Distance Vector Protocol ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Feature : Maximum Hop Count ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Feature : Broadcast Updates ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Feature : Periodic Updates ` * :ref:`RIPv1 Feature : No Authentication ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./IP_Routing_Protocols/RIPv1.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "RIPv1" .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol v2) **RFC:** RFC 2453 **Main Features:** - An enhanced version of RIPv1, supporting authentication, CIDR, and multicast updates. **Use Cases:** - Small-to-medium networks with basic routing needs. **Alternative Protocols:** - OSPF – More scalable and feature-rich. - EIGRP – Cisco proprietary alternative. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: What You Will Learn in This Section **Let us learn more about RIPv2:** * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Version&RFC Details ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Protocol Packet Details ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Usecases ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Basic Features ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Feature : Classless Routing ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Feature : Distance Vector Protocol ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Feature : Maximum Hop Count ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Feature : Multicast Updates ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Feature : Periodic Updates ` * :ref:`RIPv2 Feature : Authentication Support ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. button-link:: ./IP_Routing_Protocols/RIPv2.html :color: primary :shadow: :expand: Jump to "RIPv2"