5G-NR - 5G New Radio ======================= .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is 5G-NR?** 5G-NR (New Radio) is the global standard for the radio access network (RAN) of 5G mobile networks, developed by 3GPP. It defines how devices like smartphones and IoT sensors communicate wirelessly with cell towers using 5G technology. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Why is 5G-NR useful?** * High Speed: Supports data rates up to 10 Gbps and beyond. * Low Latency: Enables ultra-fast response times (as low as 1 ms), ideal for real-time apps. * Massive Connectivity: Can connect millions of devices per square kilometer (great for IoT). * Flexible Spectrum Use: Works across a wide range of frequencies (sub-6 GHz and mmWave). .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How it works?** * Device Connection: A 5G-enabled device (like a phone) searches for nearby 5G base stations (gNodeBs). * Synchronization: The device synchronizes with the base station’s signal. * Random Access: The device requests access to the network. * Authentication: The network verifies the device’s identity. * Resource Allocation: The base station assigns radio resources (time, frequency) to the device. * Data Transmission: Data is sent and received using advanced modulation and coding techniques. * Handover: If the device moves, it seamlessly switches to another base station. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Where is 5G-NR used?** * Telecommunications – High-speed mobile internet, video streaming, cloud gaming. * Automotive – Autonomous driving, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. * Manufacturing – Smart factories, robotics, real-time analytics. * Smart Cities – Traffic control, surveillance, public safety. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Which OSI layer does 5G-NR belong to?** * It belongs to OSI Layers 1 and 2: * Layer 1 (Physical): Radio transmission, modulation, coding, antennas. * Layer 2 (Data Link): MAC, RLC, PDCP handling transmission reliability and order. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are the frequency bands used in 5G-NR?** 5G-NR uses two main frequency ranges: * FR1 (Sub-6 GHz): 450 MHz to 6 GHz. * FR2 (mmWave): 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What kind of speeds does 5G-NR support?** * Peak download speeds: Up to 20 Gbps. * Peak upload speeds: Up to 10 Gbps. * Actual speeds depend on deployment, spectrum, and device capabilities. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How is security handled in 5G-NR?** 5G includes enhanced security features like: * Better mutual authentication. * Stronger encryption. * Privacy protection (e.g., SUCI to protect IMSI). .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can 5G-NR coexist with LTE?** Yes. Through Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS), both LTE and 5G-NR can share the same frequency band dynamically. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are real-time applications of 5G-NR?** * Smart Factories (Industry 4.0) * Automotive and Transportation * Smart Traffic Management * Real-time Health Monitoring * Remote Drone Control .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the working flow of 5G-NR?** * **UE Power On** – UE powers on and scans for 5G signals, detects nearby gNBs. * **Cell Search & Synchronization** – UE syncs using SSB (PSS, SSS, PBCH). * **System Information Acquisition** – Reads SIBs (System Info Blocks) from gNB. * **Random Access Procedure (RACH)** – UE requests network access via RACH. * **RRC Connection Setup** – RRC connection is established with the gNB. * **Authentication and Security Setup** – UE authenticates with the 5G core, encryption keys are set. * **PDU Session Establishment** – PDU session is created; UE receives IP address. * **Data Transfer Begins** – Data transfer starts using NR protocols (PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, SDAP). * **Mobility Management** – Seamless handover between gNBs as UE moves. * **Connection Release** – When done, resources are released and UE enters idle mode. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are some future enhancements in 5G-NR?** * NR-Light (RedCap for reduced-capability devices) * Advanced positioning * Network slicing * Integration with satellite and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`Learnings in this section <5G-NR_step1>` * :ref:`Terminology <5G-NR_step2>` * :ref:`Version Info <5G-NR_step3>` * :ref:`5G-NR Version&IEEE Details <5G-NR_step5>` * :ref:`5G-NR Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <5G-NR_step20>` * :ref:`5G-NR Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 <5G-NR_step21>` * :ref:`5G-NR Protocol Packet Details <5G-NR_step6>` * :ref:`5G-NR Usecases <5G-NR_step7>` * :ref:`5G-NR Basic Features <5G-NR_step8>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : High Data Rates <5G-NR_step9>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Low Latency <5G-NR_step10>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Massive Device Connectivity <5G-NR_step11>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Flexible Spectrum Usage <5G-NR_step12>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Dynamic Spectrum Sharing <5G-NR_step13>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Network Slicing <5G-NR_step14>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Beamforming <5G-NR_step15>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Massive MIMO <5G-NR_step16>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Energy Efficiency <5G-NR_step17>` * :ref:`5G-NR Feature : Enhanced Mobility Support <5G-NR_step18>` * :ref:`Reference links <5G-NR_step19>` .. _5G-NR_step1: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section * In this section, you are going to learn .. _5G-NR_step2: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Terminology * Terminology .. _5G-NR_step3: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Version Info * Version Info .. _5G-NR_step5: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Version&RFC Details .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_RFC.csv :widths: 10,10,10,30 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step20: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 * setup .. _5G-NR_step21: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 * setup .. _5G-NR_step6: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Protocol Packet Details **5G-NR PDCP PDU Packet** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_PDCP_PDU_Packet.csv :widths: 10,20,30,10 :header-rows: 1 **5G-NR RLC PDU Packet** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_RLC_PDU_Packet.csv :widths: 20,30,10 :header-rows: 1 **5G-NR MAC PDU Packet** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_MAC_PDU_Packet.csv :widths: 20,30,10 :header-rows: 1 **5G-NR PHY Transport Block Packet** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_PHY_Transport_Block_Packet.csv :widths: 10,20,30,10 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step7: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Usecases .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Use_Cases.csv :widths: 10,20,30 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step8: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Basic Features .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Features.csv :widths: 10,10,30 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step9: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : High Data Rates **High Data Rates - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature1_High_data_rates_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step10: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Low Latency **Low Latency - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature2_Low_latency_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step11: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Massive Device Connectivity **Massive Device Connectivity - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature3_Massive_device_connectivity_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step12: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Flexible Spectrum Usage **Flexible Spectrum Usage - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature4_Flexible_spectrum_usage_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step13: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Dynamic Spectrum Sharing **Dynamic Spectrum Sharing - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature5_Dynamic_spectrum_sharing_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step14: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Network Slicing **Network Slicing - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature6_Network_slicing_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step15: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Beamforming **Beamforming - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature7_Beamforming_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step16: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Massive MIMO **Massive MIMO - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature8_Massive_MIMO_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step17: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Energy Efficiency **Energy Efficiency - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature9_Energy_efficiency_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step18: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 5G-NR Feature : Enhanced Mobility Support **Enhanced Mobility Support - Testcases** .. csv-table:: :file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_Feature10_Enhanced_mobility_support_Test_Cases.csv :widths: 10,10,30,20 :header-rows: 1 .. _5G-NR_step19: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Reference links * Reference links