PPPoE - Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
What is PPPoE?
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) is a network protocol that encapsulates PPP frames inside Ethernet frames. It is commonly used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to manage broadband connections, especially DSL. PPPoE combines the features of PPP (authentication, encryption, compression) with the Ethernet protocol.
Why is PPPoE useful?
User Authentication – Supports PAP/CHAP for verifying user credentials before granting access.
Session Management – Establishes individual sessions for each user, enabling accounting and billing.
Encapsulation – Allows PPP features to be used over Ethernet networks.
Widely Supported – Compatible with most routers, modems, and operating systems.
Dynamic IP Assignment – Supports IP address assignment via IPCP (IP Control Protocol).
How it works?
Discovery Phase – The client broadcasts a PPPoE Active Discovery Initiation (PADI) packet to find an access concentrator.
Session Establishment – The server replies with a PADO (Offer), and the client responds with PADR (Request). The server then sends a PADS (Session-confirmation).
Authentication – PPP authentication (e.g., PAP or CHAP) is performed over the established session.
IP Configuration – The client negotiates IP settings using IPCP.
Data Transfer – Once authenticated and configured, data is transmitted over the PPPoE session.
Session Termination – Either side can terminate the session using a PADT (Terminate) packet.
Where is PPPoE used?
DSL Internet Access – Commonly used by ISPs to manage DSL broadband connections.
Home Routers – Many consumer routers use PPPoE to connect to ISP networks.
Enterprise Networks – Used in some corporate environments for secure, authenticated access.
Billing Systems – Enables ISPs to track usage per session for billing purposes.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) – Sometimes used in conjunction with VPNs for added security and session control.
Which OSI Layer does this protocol belong to?
Data Link Layer (Layer 2) – PPPoE operates directly over Ethernet frames.
It manages logical sessions between endpoints.
It bridges PPP capabilities into Ethernet networks.
Topics in this section,
In this section, you are going to learn
Terminology
Version Info
PPPoE |
RFC |
Year |
Core Idea / Contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
Version |
|||
Initial Version |
|||
RFC 2516 |
1999 |
Defined PPPoE as a method to encapsulate PPP frames inside Ethernet frames for DSL networks. |
|
Updated Practices |
|||
RFC 4938 |
2007 |
Enhanced PPPoE to support intermediate devices and improved session handling. |
|
IPv6 Support |
|||
RFC 5072 |
2007 |
Specified how to transmit IPv6 packets over PPP, including PPPoE. |
Setup
Setup
PPPoE Discovery Packet – PADI (Initiation)
1 |
PPPoE Discovery Packet PADI (Initiation) |
Sent by the client to discover available |
6 + Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
access concentrators (servers) |
|||
VER |
PPPoE version (always 1) |
4 bits |
|
TYPE |
PPPoE type (always 1) |
4 bits |
|
CODE |
0x09 (PADI) |
1 |
|
SESSION_ID |
Always 0x0000 during discovery |
2 |
|
LENGTH |
Length of the payload (tags) |
2 |
|
TAGS |
Service-Name, Host-Uniq, etc. |
Variable |
|
PPPoE Discovery Packet – PADO (Offer)
2 |
PPPoE Discovery Packet PADO (Offer) |
Sent by the server in response to a |
6 + Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
PADI packet |
|||
VER |
PPPoE version (1) |
4 bits |
|
TYPE |
PPPoE type (1) |
4 bits |
|
CODE |
0x07 (PADO) |
1 |
|
SESSION_ID |
Always 0x0000 |
2 |
|
LENGTH |
Length of the payload |
2 |
|
TAGS |
AC-Name, Service-Name, Host-Uniq, |
Variable |
|
etc. |
|||
PPPoE Discovery Packet – PADR (Request)
3 |
PPPoE Discovery Packet PADR (Request) |
Sent by the client to request a session |
6 + Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
a selected server |
|||
VER |
PPPoE version (1) |
4 bits |
|
TYPE |
PPPoE type (1) |
4 bits |
|
CODE |
0x19 (PADR) |
1 |
|
SESSION_ID |
Always 0x0000 |
2 |
|
LENGTH |
Length of the payload |
2 |
|
TAGS |
Service-Name, Host-Uniq |
Variable |
|
PPPoE Discovery Packet – PADS (Session-confirmation)
4 |
PPPoE Discovery Packet PADS (Session-confirmation) |
Sent by the server to confirm session |
6 + Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
establishment |
|||
VER |
PPPoE version (1) |
4 bits |
|
TYPE |
PPPoE type (1) |
4 bits |
|
CODE |
0x65 (PADS) |
1 |
|
SESSION_ID |
Assigned session ID |
2 |
|
LENGTH |
Length of the payload |
2 |
|
TAGS |
Service-Name, AC-Name |
Variable |
|
PPPoE Discovery Packet – PADT (Terminate)
5 |
PPPoE Discovery Packet PADT (Terminate) |
Sent by either side to terminate a |
6 + Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
session |
|||
VER |
PPPoE version (1) |
4 bits |
|
TYPE |
PPPoE type (1) |
4 bits |
|
CODE |
0xA7 (PADT) |
1 |
|
SESSION_ID |
Session ID to terminate |
2 |
|
LENGTH |
Length of the payload |
2 |
|
TAGS |
Optional (e.g., error message) |
Variable |
|
PPPoE Session Packet
5 |
PPPoE Discovery Packet PADT (Terminate) |
Sent by either side to terminate a |
6 + Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
session |
|||
VER |
PPPoE version (1) |
4 bits |
|
TYPE |
PPPoE type (1) |
4 bits |
|
CODE |
0xA7 (PADT) |
1 |
|
SESSION_ID |
Session ID to terminate |
2 |
|
LENGTH |
Length of the payload |
2 |
|
TAGS |
Optional (e.g., error message) |
Variable |
|
s.no |
Use Case |
Description |
|---|---|---|
1 |
Broadband Internet Access |
Used by ISPs to provide DSL internet services to residential and business users. |
2 |
User Authentication |
Supports PPP features like PAP/CHAP for secure user login and session control. |
3 |
Session Management |
Allows multiple users to share a single Ethernet link while maintaining separate sessions. |
4 |
Billing and Accounting |
Enables ISPs to track usage per session for billing purposes. |
5 |
Dynamic IP Assignment |
Supports dynamic IP address allocation via PPP negotiation. |
6 |
IPv6 Transition |
Facilitates IPv6 deployment over existing PPPoE infrastructure. |
7 |
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) |
Can be used to tunnel VPN traffic over Ethernet with session control. |
8 |
Network Access Control |
Helps enforce access policies by authenticating users before granting network access. |
S.no |
Feature |
Description |
|---|---|---|
1 |
Encapsulation |
Encapsulates PPP frames within Ethernet frames, enabling PPP features over Ethernet. |
2 |
Authentication |
Supports PPP authentication protocols like PAP and CHAP for secure access. |
3 |
Session Establishment |
Establishes individual sessions for each user, allowing multiple users on a shared medium. |
4 |
Dynamic IP Assignment |
Assigns IP addresses dynamically through PPP negotiation. |
5 |
Bandwidth Management |
Enables ISPs to manage and control bandwidth per user session. |
6 |
Error Detection |
Inherits PPPs error detection mechanisms to ensure data integrity. |
7 |
Support for IPv4/IPv6 |
Capable of transporting both IPv4 and IPv6 packets. |
8 |
Accounting |
Facilitates usage tracking for billing and monitoring purposes. |
9 |
Compatibility |
Works with existing Ethernet infrastructure, making it cost-effective. |
10 |
Scalability |
Supports large-scale deployments with multiple concurrent sessions. |
Encapsulation - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Send PPP Frame over Ethernet |
Encapsulate PPP in Ethernet |
Frame transmitted successfully |
2 |
Receive PPPoE Frame |
Ethernet frame contains PPP payload |
Frame decoded correctly |
3 |
Verify PPPoE Header |
Check for PPPoE header fields |
Header present and valid |
4 |
Check Ethernet Type Field |
Ethernet type set to 0x8863 or 0x8864 |
Frame identified as PPPoE |
5 |
Use PPPoE Discovery Stage |
Initiate session |
Discovery packets encapsulated |
6 |
Use PPPoE Session Stage |
Transmit data |
PPP frames encapsulated in Ethernet |
7 |
Encapsulate LCP Packet |
Send LCP over PPPoE |
LCP frame delivered |
8 |
Encapsulate PAP Packet |
Send PAP authentication |
Auth frame transmitted |
9 |
Encapsulate CHAP Packet |
Send CHAP challenge |
Challenge sent securely |
10 |
Encapsulate IPCP Packet |
Negotiate IP address |
IPCP frame transmitted |
11 |
Encapsulate IPv6CP Packet |
Negotiate IPv6 address |
IPv6CP frame transmitted |
12 |
Encapsulate PPP Keepalive |
Send keepalive over PPPoE |
Connection maintained |
13 |
Encapsulate PPP Termination |
Send termination request |
Session closed |
14 |
Encapsulate PPP Echo Request |
Send echo request |
Echo received |
15 |
Encapsulate PPP Echo Reply |
Send echo reply |
Echo acknowledged |
16 |
Use MTU Negotiation |
Adjust MTU for encapsulation |
MTU respected |
17 |
Fragment Large PPP Packet |
Split into multiple Ethernet frames |
Reassembled correctly |
18 |
Reassemble Fragmented PPP Packet |
Combine Ethernet frames |
Original PPP frame restored |
19 |
Use VLAN with PPPoE |
Encapsulate over VLAN |
Frame transmitted with tag |
20 |
Use MPLS with PPPoE |
Encapsulate over MPLS |
Frame routed correctly |
21 |
Use PPPoE over Ethernet Bridge |
Bridge encapsulated traffic |
Frame forwarded |
22 |
Use PPPoE over Ethernet Switch |
Switch handles encapsulated frames |
Frame switched correctly |
23 |
Use PPPoE over Ethernet Hub |
Hub broadcasts encapsulated frame |
Frame received by all ports |
24 |
Use PPPoE with MAC Filtering |
Filter based on MAC |
Frame blocked or allowed |
25 |
Use PPPoE with QoS |
Apply QoS to encapsulated traffic |
Priority enforced |
26 |
Use PPPoE with Traffic Shaping |
Shape encapsulated traffic |
Bandwidth controlled |
27 |
Use PPPoE with NAT |
Translate IP in PPP payload |
NAT applied correctly |
28 |
Use PPPoE with Firewall |
Inspect encapsulated traffic |
Rules enforced |
29 |
Use PPPoE with Encryption |
Encrypt PPP payload |
Data secured |
30 |
Use PPPoE with Compression |
Compress PPP payload |
Data size reduced |
31 |
Use PPPoE with IPv4 |
Encapsulate IPv4 over PPP |
IPv4 packet transmitted |
32 |
Use PPPoE with IPv6 |
Encapsulate IPv6 over PPP |
IPv6 packet transmitted |
33 |
Use PPPoE with Multicast |
Encapsulate multicast PPP |
Frame delivered to group |
34 |
Use PPPoE with Broadcast |
Encapsulate broadcast PPP |
Frame delivered to all |
35 |
Use PPPoE with Unicast |
Encapsulate unicast PPP |
Frame delivered to target |
36 |
Use PPPoE with Authentication |
Encapsulate auth frames |
Auth succeeds |
37 |
Use PPPoE with Session ID |
Assign session ID |
Session tracked |
38 |
Use PPPoE with AC Name |
Identify access concentrator |
Name matched |
39 |
Use PPPoE with Host-Uniq Tag |
Match client session |
Session identified |
40 |
Use PPPoE with Relay Session ID |
Track relay path |
Relay ID preserved |
41 |
Use PPPoE with Service-Name Tag |
Match requested service |
Service matched |
42 |
Use PPPoE with Error Tags |
Send error message |
Error handled |
43 |
Use PPPoE with PADT |
Terminate session |
Session closed |
44 |
Use PPPoE with PADI |
Initiate discovery |
Access concentrator responds |
45 |
Use PPPoE with PADO |
Respond to discovery |
Client receives offer |
46 |
Use PPPoE with PADR |
Request session |
Server accepts |
47 |
Use PPPoE with PADS |
Confirm session |
Session established |
48 |
Use PPPoE with Session Timeout |
Session expires |
Connection closed |
49 |
Use PPPoE with Keepalive Timeout |
No echo reply |
Session terminated |
50 |
Use PPPoE with Link Monitoring |
Monitor encapsulated link |
Status reported |
Authentication - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Use PAP Authentication |
Client sends username/password |
Server authenticates successfully |
2 |
Use CHAP Authentication |
Server sends challenge |
Client responds with hash |
3 |
Use Invalid PAP Credentials |
Send wrong password |
Authentication fails |
4 |
Use Invalid CHAP Response |
Send incorrect hash |
Authentication rejected |
5 |
Use PAP with Cleartext Password |
Transmit password |
Server receives and verifies |
6 |
Use CHAP with MD5 Hash |
Use MD5 for challenge |
Server verifies hash |
7 |
Use CHAP with Random Challenge |
Server generates challenge |
Client responds correctly |
8 |
Use PAP with Encrypted Tunnel |
Transmit over secure link |
Credentials protected |
9 |
Use CHAP with Replay Protection |
Reuse challenge |
Server rejects response |
10 |
Use PAP with Username Only |
Omit password |
Authentication fails |
11 |
Use CHAP with Expired Challenge |
Delay response |
Server rejects |
12 |
Use PAP with Long Password |
Send 128-character password |
Server accepts if valid |
13 |
Use CHAP with Short Challenge |
Use 8-byte challenge |
Server accepts |
14 |
Use PAP with Special Characters |
Include symbols in password |
Server authenticates correctly |
15 |
Use CHAP with Case Sensitivity |
Change case in username |
Authentication fails |
16 |
Use PAP with Unicode Characters |
Use non-ASCII password |
Server handles encoding |
17 |
Use CHAP with Logging Enabled |
Log challenge/response |
Logs show authentication steps |
18 |
Use PAP with Logging Enabled |
Log credentials |
Logs show username/password |
19 |
Use CHAP with Session ID |
Track session |
Auth linked to session |
20 |
Use PAP with Session Timeout |
Session expires |
Re-authentication required |
21 |
Use CHAP with Session Timeout |
Session expires |
Challenge reissued |
22 |
Use PAP with Retry |
Retry after failure |
Authentication succeeds on retry |
23 |
Use CHAP with Retry |
Retry with new challenge |
Authentication succeeds |
24 |
Use PAP with Access Control |
Restrict by username |
Access granted/denied |
25 |
Use CHAP with Access Control |
Restrict by hash match |
Access granted/denied |
26 |
Use PAP with RADIUS Server |
External auth backend |
Auth succeeds via RADIUS |
27 |
Use CHAP with RADIUS Server |
Challenge handled by RADIUS |
Auth succeeds |
28 |
Use PAP with Local Auth |
Authenticate via local DB |
Auth succeeds |
29 |
Use CHAP with Local Auth |
Challenge handled locally |
Auth succeeds |
30 |
Use PAP with Accounting |
Log session start/stop |
Accounting records created |
31 |
Use CHAP with Accounting |
Log challenge session |
Records stored |
32 |
Use PAP with VLAN Tagging |
Auth over tagged VLAN |
Auth succeeds |
33 |
Use CHAP with VLAN Tagging |
Auth over VLAN |
Auth succeeds |
34 |
Use PAP with PPPoE Relay |
Auth via relay agent |
Auth succeeds |
35 |
Use CHAP with PPPoE Relay |
Challenge forwarded |
Auth succeeds |
36 |
Use PAP with MAC Filtering |
Allow specific MACs |
Auth succeeds/fails |
37 |
Use CHAP with MAC Filtering |
Filter based on MAC |
Auth succeeds/fails |
38 |
Use PAP with IP Assignment |
Assign IP after auth |
Client receives IP |
39 |
Use CHAP with IP Assignment |
Assign IP post-auth |
IP assigned |
40 |
Use PAP with DHCP Integration |
Coordinate with DHCP |
IP assigned securely |
41 |
Use CHAP with DHCP Integration |
Auth before DHCP |
IP assigned |
42 |
Use PAP with PPPoE Server Restart |
Server restarts |
Re-authentication required |
43 |
Use CHAP with Server Restart |
Challenge reissued |
Client re-authenticates |
44 |
Use PAP with Multiple Clients |
Auth multiple sessions |
All authenticated |
45 |
Use CHAP with Multiple Clients |
Unique challenge per client |
Auth succeeds |
46 |
Use PAP with Session Logging |
Log auth events |
Logs show success/failure |
47 |
Use CHAP with Session Logging |
Log challenge/response |
Logs recorded |
48 |
Use PAP with Bandwidth Control |
Apply limits post-auth |
Limits enforced |
49 |
Use CHAP with Bandwidth Control |
Auth before shaping |
Limits applied |
50 |
Use PAP/CHAP Fallback |
Try CHAP, fallback to PAP |
Auth succeeds via fallback |
Session Establishment - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Initiate PPPoE Discovery |
Send PADI packet |
Server responds with PADO |
2 |
Receive PADO from Server |
Server offers session |
Client proceeds to PADR |
3 |
Send PADR to Server |
Request session |
Server responds with PADS |
4 |
Receive PADS from Server |
Session ID assigned |
Session established |
5 |
Verify Unique Session ID |
Each client gets unique ID |
No conflicts |
6 |
Establish Multiple Sessions |
Multiple clients connect |
All sessions active |
7 |
Track Session by MAC Address |
Identify client by MAC |
Session mapped correctly |
8 |
Use Host-Uniq Tag |
Match responses to client |
Session matched correctly |
9 |
Use Service-Name Tag |
Request specific service |
Server responds accordingly |
10 |
Use Relay-Session-ID |
Track session through relay |
Session traceable |
11 |
Reconnect After Disconnection |
Client re-initiates session |
New session established |
12 |
Handle Duplicate Session Request |
Same client retries |
Server handles gracefully |
13 |
Handle Session Timeout |
No activity for timeout period |
Session terminated |
14 |
Send PADT to Terminate Session |
Client ends session |
Server releases session ID |
15 |
Server Sends PADT |
Server terminates session |
Client disconnects |
16 |
Monitor Active Sessions |
View session table |
All sessions listed |
17 |
Limit Max Sessions per User |
Enforce session cap |
Excess requests denied |
18 |
Use Session ID in Data Packets |
Send PPP frames |
Correct session used |
19 |
Use Session ID in Echo Requests |
Maintain session |
Echo acknowledged |
20 |
Use Session ID in Echo Replies |
Respond to echo |
Session kept alive |
21 |
Use Session ID in LCP Packets |
Negotiate link |
Session-specific negotiation |
22 |
Use Session ID in IPCP Packets |
Negotiate IP |
IP assigned per session |
23 |
Use Session ID in CHAP Packets |
Authenticate user |
Auth tied to session |
24 |
Use Session ID in PAP Packets |
Authenticate user |
Auth tied to session |
25 |
Use Session ID in IPv6CP Packets |
Negotiate IPv6 |
IPv6 assigned per session |
26 |
Use Session ID in Accounting |
Log session usage |
Accurate per-user data |
27 |
Use Session ID in QoS Rules |
Apply bandwidth limits |
Per-session enforcement |
28 |
Use Session ID in Firewall Rules |
Filter traffic |
Session-specific rules applied |
29 |
Use Session ID in NAT |
Translate IPs |
Session-specific NAT applied |
30 |
Use Session ID in VLAN Mapping |
Map session to VLAN |
Traffic isolated |
31 |
Use Session ID in Logging |
Log session events |
Logs show session ID |
32 |
Use Session ID in Monitoring |
Track session health |
Status visible |
33 |
Use Session ID in Troubleshooting |
Diagnose issues |
Session-specific analysis |
34 |
Use Session ID in Load Balancing |
Distribute sessions |
Load evenly spread |
35 |
Use Session ID in Redundancy |
Failover support |
Session re-established |
36 |
Use Session ID in Encryption |
Encrypt per session |
Data secured individually |
37 |
Use Session ID in Compression |
Compress per session |
Efficient transmission |
38 |
Use Session ID in Multicast |
Deliver to session group |
Correct delivery |
39 |
Use Session ID in Broadcast |
Broadcast within session scope |
Controlled delivery |
40 |
Use Session ID in Unicast |
Direct to specific user |
Accurate delivery |
41 |
Use Session ID in RADIUS |
Auth/accounting via RADIUS |
Session tracked |
42 |
Use Session ID in DHCP Relay |
Relay DHCP over PPPoE |
Session context preserved |
43 |
Use Session ID in IP Pool Assignment |
Assign IP from pool |
Unique IP per session |
44 |
Use Session ID in Session Recovery |
Reconnect after drop |
Session resumed or re-established |
45 |
Use Session ID in Session Migration |
Move session to new server |
Seamless transition |
46 |
Use Session ID in Session Duplication Detection |
Detect duplicate IDs |
Conflict resolved |
47 |
Use Session ID in Session Expiry Notification |
Notify client |
Graceful disconnect |
48 |
Use Session ID in Session Renewal |
Extend session duration |
Session continues |
49 |
Use Session ID in Session Statistics |
Collect usage data |
Per-session metrics |
50 |
Use Session ID in Session Isolation |
Isolate user traffic |
No cross-session leakage |
Dynamic IP Assignment - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Initiate IPCP Negotiation |
Start IP negotiation |
Server assigns IP address |
2 |
Request IP via IPCP |
Client sends IP request |
Server responds with IP |
3 |
Accept Server-Assigned IP |
Client accepts offered IP |
IP assigned successfully |
4 |
Reject Offered IP |
Client rejects IP |
Server offers alternative |
5 |
Use IP Pool for Assignment |
Server selects from pool |
Unique IP assigned |
6 |
Assign IP from Subnet |
Use 192.168.1.0/24 |
IP assigned within range |
7 |
Assign IP from DHCP Server |
Backend DHCP assigns IP |
IP relayed to client |
8 |
Assign IP via RADIUS |
RADIUS server provides IP |
IP assigned successfully |
9 |
Assign Static IP via RADIUS |
RADIUS returns fixed IP |
Client receives static IP |
10 |
Assign IP with Lease Time |
Set lease duration |
IP valid for session |
11 |
Reassign IP on Reconnect |
Client reconnects |
New IP assigned |
12 |
Retain IP on Reconnect |
Server remembers client |
Same IP reassigned |
13 |
Assign IP with Host-Uniq Tag |
Identify client uniquely |
IP mapped correctly |
14 |
Assign IP with MAC Binding |
Bind IP to MAC |
Consistent assignment |
15 |
Assign IP with Session ID |
Track IP per session |
IP linked to session |
16 |
Assign IP with Authentication |
Assign after PAP/CHAP |
IP assigned post-auth |
17 |
Assign IP with VLAN Tag |
Assign IP per VLAN |
IP range mapped to VLAN |
18 |
Assign IP with QoS Profile |
IP linked to QoS |
Bandwidth rules applied |
19 |
Assign IP with NAT |
Translate IP for internet |
NAT applied successfully |
20 |
Assign IP with Firewall Rules |
Apply rules per IP |
Access controlled |
21 |
Assign IP with Logging |
Log assigned IP |
Entry recorded |
22 |
Assign IP with Monitoring |
Track IP usage |
Stats collected |
23 |
Assign IP with Accounting |
Log IP session data |
Usage recorded |
24 |
Assign IP with DNS Settings |
Provide DNS with IP |
Client configures DNS |
25 |
Assign IP with Gateway Info |
Provide default gateway |
Client routes traffic |
26 |
Assign IP with IPv6CP |
Negotiate IPv6 address |
IPv6 assigned |
27 |
Assign IP with Dual Stack |
Assign IPv4 and IPv6 |
Both addresses assigned |
28 |
Assign IP with Subnet Mask |
Provide subnet info |
Client configures mask |
29 |
Assign IP with Broadcast Address |
Provide broadcast info |
Client configures correctly |
30 |
Assign IP with MTU Settings |
Provide MTU value |
Client adjusts MTU |
31 |
Assign IP with Session Timeout |
IP released after timeout |
Address reclaimed |
32 |
Assign IP with Session Termination |
Disconnect client |
IP released |
33 |
Assign IP with Duplicate Detection |
Check for IP conflict |
Conflict avoided |
34 |
Assign IP with Blacklist Check |
Block certain IPs |
IP not assigned |
35 |
Assign IP with Whitelist Check |
Allow only specific IPs |
IP assigned if allowed |
36 |
Assign IP with Load Balancer |
Distribute IPs across servers |
Balanced assignment |
37 |
Assign IP with Failover Server |
Primary fails |
Backup assigns IP |
38 |
Assign IP with Redundancy |
Multiple servers assign IPs |
No disruption |
39 |
Assign IP with Session Recovery |
Reconnect after drop |
IP reassigned |
40 |
Assign IP with Session Migration |
Move session to new server |
IP preserved |
41 |
Assign IP with Static Reservation |
Reserve IP for user |
Same IP always assigned |
42 |
Assign IP with Dynamic Reservation |
Assign based on usage |
IP varies per session |
43 |
Assign IP with IPv6 Prefix Delegation |
Assign /64 prefix |
Client configures subnet |
44 |
Assign IP with DHCP Option 82 |
Use relay agent info |
IP assigned accordingly |
45 |
Assign IP with Custom Tag |
Use vendor-specific tag |
IP assigned based on tag |
46 |
Assign IP with Session Logging |
Log IP per session |
Traceable history |
47 |
Assign IP with Session Isolation |
Isolate traffic by IP |
No cross-session access |
48 |
Assign IP with Rate Limiting |
Apply limits per IP |
Bandwidth enforced |
49 |
Assign IP with DNS Leak Protection |
Route DNS via assigned IP |
No leaks |
50 |
Assign IP with IPv6 Privacy Extensions |
Use temporary IPv6 address |
Privacy preserved |
Bandwidth Management - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Apply Bandwidth Limit per Session |
Set max rate per user |
Traffic capped as configured |
2 |
Apply Upload Limit |
Restrict upstream bandwidth |
Upload speed limited |
3 |
Apply Download Limit |
Restrict downstream bandwidth |
Download speed limited |
4 |
Apply Symmetric Bandwidth Limit |
Set equal up/down limits |
Balanced throughput |
5 |
Apply Asymmetric Bandwidth Limit |
Set different up/down limits |
Limits enforced correctly |
6 |
Use QoS Profile per Session |
Assign QoS class |
Traffic prioritized |
7 |
Use Rate Limiting by IP |
Limit based on assigned IP |
Bandwidth controlled |
8 |
Use Rate Limiting by MAC |
Limit based on MAC address |
Bandwidth enforced |
9 |
Use Rate Limiting by VLAN |
Apply limits per VLAN |
Group bandwidth managed |
10 |
Use Rate Limiting by Session ID |
Track and limit per session |
Accurate enforcement |
11 |
Use Token Bucket Algorithm |
Shape traffic bursts |
Smooth traffic flow |
12 |
Use Leaky Bucket Algorithm |
Enforce steady rate |
Traffic conforms to limit |
13 |
Use Hierarchical QoS |
Apply parent-child limits |
Bandwidth shared efficiently |
14 |
Use Traffic Policing |
Drop excess packets |
Traffic conforms to policy |
15 |
Use Traffic Shaping |
Buffer excess traffic |
Smooth delivery |
16 |
Use Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation |
Adjust based on load |
Fair distribution |
17 |
Use Static Bandwidth Allocation |
Fixed rate per user |
Predictable performance |
18 |
Use Bandwidth Scheduling |
Allocate by time of day |
Limits vary by schedule |
19 |
Use Bandwidth Quotas |
Set monthly data cap |
Access restricted after limit |
20 |
Use Bandwidth Alerts |
Notify on usage threshold |
User alerted |
21 |
Use Bandwidth Logging |
Log usage per session |
Records maintained |
22 |
Use Bandwidth Monitoring |
Track real-time usage |
Live stats available |
23 |
Use Bandwidth Graphing |
Visualize usage trends |
Graphs generated |
24 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via RADIUS |
Apply limits from RADIUS |
Policy enforced |
25 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via DHCP |
Assign limits via DHCP options |
Limits applied |
26 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via PPPoE Server |
Server enforces limits |
Session controlled |
27 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Firewall |
Filter based on rate |
Traffic shaped |
28 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Router |
Router applies shaping |
Limits respected |
29 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Switch |
Switch enforces QoS |
Traffic prioritized |
30 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Access Point |
Wireless limits applied |
Bandwidth managed |
31 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Cloud Controller |
Centralized policy |
Limits synced to edge |
32 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via SD-WAN |
Dynamic path selection |
Bandwidth optimized |
33 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via DPI |
Identify and limit by app |
App-specific control |
34 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via ACL |
Apply access rules |
Bandwidth filtered |
35 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via VLAN Tagging |
Tag and limit traffic |
VLAN-specific shaping |
36 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Session Timeout |
End session after quota |
Access cut off |
37 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Session Renewal |
Reset limits on reconnect |
New quota applied |
38 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via User Profile |
Assign limits per user |
Personalized policy |
39 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Group Policy |
Apply limits to user group |
Shared bandwidth |
40 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Service Plan |
Different plans, different limits |
Tiered access |
41 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Application Type |
Limit streaming or gaming |
App-specific shaping |
42 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Protocol |
Limit HTTP, FTP, etc. |
Protocol-based control |
43 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Port |
Limit traffic on specific ports |
Port-based shaping |
44 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Time of Day |
Peak/off-peak limits |
Dynamic enforcement |
45 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Location |
Apply limits by region |
Geo-based control |
46 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Device Type |
Limit mobile vs desktop |
Device-aware shaping |
47 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Session Priority |
Prioritize critical sessions |
QoS applied |
48 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Fair Queuing |
Equal share among users |
No monopolization |
49 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via Burst Control |
Allow short bursts |
Controlled spikes |
50 |
Use Bandwidth Enforcement via SLA |
Enforce service-level agreement |
Guaranteed performance |
Error Detection - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Transmit PPP Frame with Valid CRC |
Send correct frame |
Frame accepted |
2 |
Transmit PPP Frame with Invalid CRC |
Corrupt frame |
Frame discarded |
3 |
Inject Bit Error in PPP Payload |
Flip a bit |
CRC detects error |
4 |
Inject Bit Error in PPP Header |
Corrupt header |
Frame rejected |
5 |
Use CRC-16 for Error Detection |
Standard PPP CRC |
Errors detected |
6 |
Use CRC-32 for Extended Detection |
Optional CRC |
Higher accuracy |
7 |
Simulate Noisy Line |
Introduce random errors |
CRC flags corrupted frames |
8 |
Simulate Clean Line |
No errors introduced |
All frames accepted |
9 |
Use PPPoE with LCP Echo |
Send echo requests |
Detects link failure |
10 |
Use PPPoE with LCP Terminate |
Send terminate request |
Session ends cleanly |
11 |
Use PPPoE with LCP Configure-Reject |
Reject invalid options |
Error handled gracefully |
12 |
Use PPPoE with LCP Code-Reject |
Send unknown code |
Rejected with error |
13 |
Use PPPoE with LCP Protocol-Reject |
Send unsupported protocol |
Rejected properly |
14 |
Use PPPoE with IPCP NAK |
Server rejects IP option |
Client retries |
15 |
Use PPPoE with IPCP Reject |
Client rejects config |
Server adjusts |
16 |
Use PPPoE with CHAP Failure |
Send invalid hash |
Auth fails |
17 |
Use PPPoE with PAP Failure |
Send wrong password |
Auth fails |
18 |
Use PPPoE with Timeout |
No response received |
Session terminated |
19 |
Use PPPoE with Retransmission |
Retry after no ACK |
Frame resent |
20 |
Use PPPoE with Sequence Number Check |
Detect out-of-order frames |
Error flagged |
21 |
Use PPPoE with Duplicate Frame |
Resend same frame |
Duplicate discarded |
22 |
Use PPPoE with Frame Length Check |
Send oversized frame |
Frame rejected |
23 |
Use PPPoE with MTU Violation |
Exceed MTU |
Frame dropped |
24 |
Use PPPoE with Padding Error |
Incorrect padding |
Frame rejected |
25 |
Use PPPoE with Header Check |
Corrupt header fields |
Frame discarded |
26 |
Use PPPoE with Payload Check |
Corrupt payload |
CRC detects error |
27 |
Use PPPoE with VLAN Tag Error |
Incorrect VLAN tag |
Frame rejected |
28 |
Use PPPoE with MAC Address Mismatch |
Spoofed MAC |
Frame ignored |
29 |
Use PPPoE with Session ID Mismatch |
Wrong session ID |
Frame dropped |
30 |
Use PPPoE with Protocol Field Error |
Invalid protocol ID |
Frame rejected |
31 |
Use PPPoE with Replay Attack |
Resend old frame |
Session rejects |
32 |
Use PPPoE with Malformed PADT |
Send invalid PADT |
Ignored by server |
33 |
Use PPPoE with Malformed PADI |
Send invalid PADI |
No response |
34 |
Use PPPoE with Malformed PADO |
Send invalid PADO |
Client ignores |
35 |
Use PPPoE with Malformed PADR |
Send invalid PADR |
Server ignores |
36 |
Use PPPoE with Malformed PADS |
Send invalid PADS |
Client rejects |
37 |
Use PPPoE with Invalid Tag Length |
Tag too short/long |
Frame rejected |
38 |
Use PPPoE with Unknown Tag Type |
Send unsupported tag |
Ignored or rejected |
39 |
Use PPPoE with Checksum Logging |
Log CRC errors |
Errors recorded |
40 |
Use PPPoE with Error Counters |
Monitor CRC failures |
Stats incremented |
41 |
Use PPPoE with Error Alerts |
Trigger alert on error |
Notification sent |
42 |
Use PPPoE with Error Recovery |
Retry after error |
Session restored |
43 |
Use PPPoE with Error Isolation |
Identify faulty link |
Link disabled |
44 |
Use PPPoE with Error Injection Tool |
Simulate errors |
CRC detects all |
45 |
Use PPPoE with Error Correction Disabled |
No correction |
Errors dropped |
46 |
Use PPPoE with Error Correction Enabled |
Optional correction |
Errors fixed if possible |
47 |
Use PPPoE with Link Quality Monitoring |
Track error rate |
Link status updated |
48 |
Use PPPoE with Session Termination on Error |
Too many errors |
Session closed |
49 |
Use PPPoE with Redundant Link |
Failover on error |
Traffic rerouted |
50 |
Use PPPoE with End-to-End Integrity Check |
Validate full path |
Data verified |
Support for IPv4 & IPv6 - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Establish IPv4 Session |
Use IPCP negotiation |
IPv4 address assigned |
2 |
Establish IPv6 Session |
Use IPv6CP negotiation |
IPv6 address assigned |
3 |
Dual Stack Support |
Enable both IPCP and IPv6CP |
IPv4 and IPv6 assigned |
4 |
Send IPv4 Packet Over PPPoE |
Transmit IPv4 data |
Packet delivered successfully |
5 |
Send IPv6 Packet Over PPPoE |
Transmit IPv6 data |
Packet delivered successfully |
6 |
Use IPv4 DNS via PPPoE |
Assign DNS in IPCP |
Client resolves domains |
7 |
Use IPv6 DNS via PPPoE |
Assign DNS in IPv6CP |
Client resolves domains |
8 |
Use IPv4 Gateway via PPPoE |
Assign default route |
IPv4 traffic routed |
9 |
Use IPv6 Gateway via PPPoE |
Assign default route |
IPv6 traffic routed |
10 |
Use IPv4 NAT with PPPoE |
Translate private IP |
Internet access enabled |
11 |
Use IPv6 NAT66 with PPPoE |
Apply IPv6 NAT |
IPv6 traffic translated |
12 |
Use IPv4 Firewall Rules |
Filter IPv4 traffic |
Rules enforced |
13 |
Use IPv6 Firewall Rules |
Filter IPv6 traffic |
Rules enforced |
14 |
Use IPv4 Routing |
Route IPv4 packets |
Routing table updated |
15 |
Use IPv6 Routing |
Route IPv6 packets |
Routing table updated |
16 |
Use IPv4 Ping |
Ping IPv4 address |
Response received |
17 |
Use IPv6 Ping |
Ping IPv6 address |
Response received |
18 |
Use IPv4 Traceroute |
Trace IPv4 route |
Hops displayed |
19 |
Use IPv6 Traceroute |
Trace IPv6 route |
Hops displayed |
20 |
Use IPv4 Web Access |
Open IPv4-only site |
Page loads |
21 |
Use IPv6 Web Access |
Open IPv6-only site |
Page loads |
22 |
Use IPv4 FTP |
Connect to IPv4 FTP server |
Session established |
23 |
Use IPv6 FTP |
Connect to IPv6 FTP server |
Session established |
24 |
Use IPv4 Email |
Send/receive via IPv4 |
Mail delivered |
25 |
Use IPv6 Email |
Send/receive via IPv6 |
Mail delivered |
26 |
Use IPv4 SSH |
Connect to IPv4 server |
Session established |
27 |
Use IPv6 SSH |
Connect to IPv6 server |
Session established |
28 |
Use IPv4 VPN |
Tunnel over IPv4 |
VPN connects |
29 |
Use IPv6 VPN |
Tunnel over IPv6 |
VPN connects |
30 |
Use IPv4 Streaming |
Stream video over IPv4 |
Playback smooth |
31 |
Use IPv6 Streaming |
Stream video over IPv6 |
Playback smooth |
32 |
Use IPv4 Gaming |
Play online game |
Low latency |
33 |
Use IPv6 Gaming |
Play online game |
Low latency |
34 |
Use IPv4 CDN |
Access content via IPv4 |
Content delivered |
35 |
Use IPv6 CDN |
Access content via IPv6 |
Content delivered |
36 |
Use IPv4 WebSocket |
Connect via IPv4 |
Real-time data flows |
37 |
Use IPv6 WebSocket |
Connect via IPv6 |
Real-time data flows |
38 |
Use IPv4 API |
Call REST API |
Response received |
39 |
Use IPv6 API |
Call REST API |
Response received |
40 |
Use IPv4 Monitoring |
Monitor IPv4 traffic |
Data collected |
41 |
Use IPv6 Monitoring |
Monitor IPv6 traffic |
Data collected |
42 |
Use IPv4 Logging |
Log IPv4 sessions |
Logs show IPv4 addresses |
43 |
Use IPv6 Logging |
Log IPv6 sessions |
Logs show IPv6 addresses |
44 |
Use IPv4 Address Pool |
Assign from pool |
Unique IP assigned |
45 |
Use IPv6 Prefix Delegation |
Assign /64 prefix |
Client configures subnet |
46 |
Use IPv4 Address Conflict Detection |
Detect duplicate IP |
Conflict resolved |
47 |
Use IPv6 DAD (Duplicate Address Detection) |
Detect duplicate IPv6 |
Conflict resolved |
48 |
Use IPv4 Session Stats |
Track IPv4 usage |
Stats recorded |
49 |
Use IPv6 Session Stats |
Track IPv6 usage |
Stats recorded |
50 |
Use IPv4/IPv6 Failover |
Switch between stacks |
Connectivity maintained |
Accounting - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Start Accounting on Session Establishment |
Begin tracking on connect |
Session start logged |
2 |
Stop Accounting on Session Termination |
End tracking on disconnect |
Session stop logged |
3 |
Log Session Duration |
Track time connected |
Duration recorded |
4 |
Log Data Usage |
Track bytes sent/received |
Usage recorded accurately |
5 |
Use RADIUS Accounting |
Send data to RADIUS server |
Accounting packets received |
6 |
Use Local Accounting |
Store logs locally |
Data saved on server |
7 |
Use Interim Updates |
Send periodic updates |
Usage updated in real time |
8 |
Use Session ID in Accounting |
Identify session uniquely |
Logs linked to session |
9 |
Use Username in Accounting |
Track per user |
Usage grouped by user |
10 |
Use IP Address in Accounting |
Track per IP |
IP usage recorded |
11 |
Use MAC Address in Accounting |
Track per device |
MAC logged |
12 |
Use VLAN ID in Accounting |
Track per VLAN |
VLAN usage recorded |
13 |
Use Accounting Start Packet |
Send Acct-Start |
Session initiated |
14 |
Use Accounting Stop Packet |
Send Acct-Stop |
Session ended |
15 |
Use Accounting Interim Packet |
Send Acct-Interim-Update |
Usage updated |
16 |
Use Accounting with PAP Auth |
Track PAP sessions |
Authenticated usage logged |
17 |
Use Accounting with CHAP Auth |
Track CHAP sessions |
Authenticated usage logged |
18 |
Use Accounting with Static IP |
Track fixed IP usage |
IP usage recorded |
19 |
Use Accounting with Dynamic IP |
Track assigned IP usage |
IP usage recorded |
20 |
Use Accounting with IPv6 |
Track IPv6 sessions |
IPv6 usage logged |
21 |
Use Accounting with Dual Stack |
Track IPv4 and IPv6 |
Both logged separately |
22 |
Use Accounting with Session Timeout |
Log timeout event |
Session closed and logged |
23 |
Use Accounting with Session Reconnect |
Log new session |
New session tracked |
24 |
Use Accounting with Session Retry |
Log retries |
Attempts recorded |
25 |
Use Accounting with Quota Enforcement |
Track against quota |
Alerts triggered |
26 |
Use Accounting with Bandwidth Limits |
Log throttled sessions |
Limits recorded |
27 |
Use Accounting with Peak/Off-Peak |
Track by time window |
Usage categorized |
28 |
Use Accounting with Billing System |
Export to billing |
Charges calculated |
29 |
Use Accounting with CSV Export |
Export logs |
File generated |
30 |
Use Accounting with Syslog |
Send logs to syslog server |
Entries received |
31 |
Use Accounting with SNMP |
Monitor usage via SNMP |
Data accessible |
32 |
Use Accounting with Web Portal |
Display usage to user |
Dashboard updated |
33 |
Use Accounting with Alerts |
Notify on high usage |
Alert triggered |
34 |
Use Accounting with Graphs |
Visualize usage |
Graphs generated |
35 |
Use Accounting with Monthly Reset |
Reset counters monthly |
New cycle begins |
36 |
Use Accounting with Daily Limits |
Enforce daily cap |
Access restricted |
37 |
Use Accounting with Session Logs |
Store session history |
Logs retrievable |
38 |
Use Accounting with IP Pool |
Track per pool |
Pool usage monitored |
39 |
Use Accounting with Group Policy |
Track per user group |
Group usage aggregated |
40 |
Use Accounting with Service Plan |
Track by plan type |
Usage matched to plan |
41 |
Use Accounting with API Access |
Query usage via API |
Data returned |
42 |
Use Accounting with Redundancy |
Backup accounting server |
Logs synced |
43 |
Use Accounting with Failover |
Switch servers on failure |
No data loss |
44 |
Use Accounting with Encryption |
Secure accounting packets |
Data protected |
45 |
Use Accounting with Compression |
Compress logs |
Storage optimized |
46 |
Use Accounting with Session Graphs |
Show per-session usage |
Visual report generated |
47 |
Use Accounting with Real-Time Dashboard |
Live usage view |
Dashboard updates |
48 |
Use Accounting with Historical Reports |
Generate past usage reports |
Reports accurate |
49 |
Use Accounting with Data Retention Policy |
Auto-delete old logs |
Policy enforced |
50 |
Use Accounting with Compliance Logging |
Meet audit requirements |
Logs compliant |
Compatiblity - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Ethernet Link Detection |
Verify PPPoE detects Ethernet link |
Link detected successfully |
2 |
Ethernet Frame Encapsulation |
Check PPPoE encapsulates in Ethernet frames |
Frames correctly formed |
3 |
Ethernet MTU Compliance |
Ensure MTU is within Ethernet limits |
No fragmentation errors |
4 |
VLAN Tagging Support |
Test PPPoE over VLAN-tagged Ethernet |
VLAN traffic handled |
5 |
Ethernet Switch Compatibility |
Test with unmanaged switch |
PPPoE session established |
6 |
Ethernet Hub Compatibility |
Test with Ethernet hub |
Session established |
7 |
Ethernet Cable Type Support |
Test with Cat5e/Cat6 cables |
No signal loss |
8 |
Auto-Negotiation Support |
Verify Ethernet auto-negotiation works |
Link speed/duplex negotiated |
9 |
Full-Duplex Ethernet Support |
Test PPPoE over full-duplex link |
No collisions or errors |
10 |
Half-Duplex Ethernet Support |
Test PPPoE over half-duplex link |
Session stable |
11 |
Ethernet Port Speed Compatibility |
Test on 10/100/1000 Mbps ports |
Session works on all speeds |
12 |
Ethernet MAC Address Handling |
Ensure MAC is preserved in PPPoE |
MAC address logged correctly |
13 |
Ethernet Broadcast Discovery |
Verify PPPoE discovery uses Ethernet broadcast |
Discovery packets received |
14 |
Ethernet Loop Prevention |
Test with loop detection enabled |
No broadcast storm |
15 |
Ethernet Interface Reset |
Reset Ethernet interface during session |
Session re-establishes |
16 |
Ethernet Interface Hotplug |
Plug/unplug Ethernet during session |
Session resumes or reconnects |
17 |
Ethernet Interface Bonding |
Test PPPoE over bonded interfaces |
Session stable |
18 |
Ethernet Interface Bridging |
Test PPPoE over bridge |
Session established |
19 |
Ethernet Interface VLAN Trunking |
Test PPPoE over trunk port |
Tagged traffic handled |
20 |
Ethernet Interface Isolation |
Test with port isolation |
No cross-session leakage |
21 |
Ethernet Interface Monitoring |
Monitor Ethernet stats during PPPoE |
Accurate stats shown |
22 |
Ethernet Interface Errors |
Inject errors on Ethernet |
PPPoE handles gracefully |
23 |
Ethernet Interface Load |
High traffic on Ethernet |
PPPoE session remains stable |
24 |
Ethernet Interface Compatibility with IPv6 |
Test IPv6 over PPPoE on Ethernet |
IPv6 traffic flows |
25 |
Cost Analysis with Existing Ethernet |
Compare cost vs. new infra |
Cost savings validated |
26 |
Compatibility with Layer 2 Switches |
Test PPPoE over L2 switches |
Session established |
27 |
Compatibility with Layer 3 Switches |
Test PPPoE over L3 switches |
Routing and session stable |
28 |
Compatibility with PoE Switches |
Test over Power over Ethernet |
Session stable, power delivered |
29 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Extenders |
Test over long-distance extenders |
Session stable |
30 |
Compatibility with Fiber-to-Ethernet Converters |
Test with media converters |
Session established |
31 |
Compatibility with Ethernet over Coax |
Test with MoCA adapters |
Session established |
32 |
Compatibility with Ethernet over Powerline |
Test with powerline adapters |
Session stable |
33 |
Compatibility with Industrial Ethernet |
Test in rugged environments |
Session stable |
34 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Aggregation |
Test with LACP |
Session stable |
35 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Loopback |
Test loopback diagnostics |
Loopback successful |
36 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Tap Devices |
Monitor traffic via tap |
PPPoE traffic visible |
37 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Packet Capture |
Use Wireshark to capture |
PPPoE packets visible |
38 |
Compatibility with Ethernet QoS |
Test with QoS tagging |
Tags preserved |
39 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Jumbo Frames |
Test with large MTU |
Session handles or rejects |
40 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Broadcast Domains |
Test across domains |
Discovery works |
41 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Multicast |
Ensure no interference |
Multicast unaffected |
42 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Storm Control |
Test under storm control |
Session unaffected |
43 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Port Mirroring |
Mirror PPPoE port |
Traffic visible |
44 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Security Features |
Test with port security |
Session allowed if compliant |
45 |
Compatibility with Ethernet ACLs |
Test with access control lists |
Session allowed/blocked correctly |
46 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Monitoring Tools |
Use SNMP/NetFlow |
PPPoE traffic monitored |
47 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Loopback Testing Tools |
Use loopback plug |
Link detected |
48 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Link Aggregation |
Test with multiple links |
Session stable |
49 |
Compatibility with Ethernet Redundancy Protocols |
Test with STP/RSTP |
No session drop |
50 |
Compatibility with Legacy Ethernet Devices |
Test with older NICs |
Session established |
Scablity - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Single Session Establishment |
Establish one PPPoE session |
Session successful |
2 |
10 Concurrent Sessions |
Establish 10 sessions simultaneously |
All sessions succeed |
3 |
100 Concurrent Sessions |
Establish 100 sessions |
All sessions stable |
4 |
500 Concurrent Sessions |
Stress test with 500 sessions |
No failures or drops |
5 |
1000 Concurrent Sessions |
High-load test |
System handles load |
6 |
Session Establishment Rate |
Measure sessions/sec |
Meets performance targets |
7 |
Session Teardown Rate |
Measure disconnects/sec |
Meets performance targets |
8 |
Session Reconnect Handling |
Reconnect multiple sessions |
All reconnect successfully |
9 |
Session Timeout Handling |
Expire idle sessions |
Timed out and logged |
10 |
Session Retry Handling |
Retry failed sessions |
Retries succeed |
11 |
CPU Usage at Scale |
Monitor CPU with 1000 sessions |
Within acceptable limits |
12 |
Memory Usage at Scale |
Monitor RAM usage |
No memory leaks |
13 |
Disk I/O at Scale |
Monitor logging impact |
Disk usage stable |
14 |
RADIUS Server Load |
Handle auth/accounting at scale |
No packet loss |
15 |
Load Balancer Integration |
Distribute sessions across servers |
Load balanced correctly |
16 |
High Availability Setup |
Failover during load |
Sessions preserved |
17 |
Session ID Uniqueness |
Ensure unique IDs at scale |
No duplicates |
18 |
IP Pool Exhaustion |
Simulate IP pool limit |
New sessions rejected gracefully |
19 |
MAC Address Uniqueness |
Track MACs across sessions |
No conflicts |
20 |
VLAN Scalability |
Handle sessions across VLANs |
All VLANs supported |
21 |
Logging at Scale |
Log all session events |
No log loss |
22 |
Monitoring at Scale |
SNMP/NetFlow for all sessions |
Accurate metrics |
23 |
Session Graphing |
Visualize 1000+ sessions |
Graphs render correctly |
24 |
Web Portal Load |
Display all sessions to admin |
UI responsive |
25 |
API Query Load |
Query session data via API |
Fast and accurate |
26 |
Session Distribution by Region |
Simulate geo-distributed users |
All regions supported |
27 |
Session Distribution by Time |
Simulate peak/off-peak load |
No degradation |
28 |
Session Distribution by Plan |
Handle multiple service plans |
Plans enforced correctly |
29 |
Session Distribution by Device Type |
Mix of CPEs |
All types supported |
30 |
Session Distribution by OS |
Mix of client OSes |
All connect successfully |
31 |
Session Distribution by Auth Type |
PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP |
All succeed |
32 |
Session Distribution by IP Version |
IPv4, IPv6, Dual Stack |
All supported |
33 |
Session Distribution by QoS |
Apply QoS profiles |
Traffic shaped correctly |
34 |
Session Distribution by Bandwidth |
Vary bandwidth caps |
Limits enforced |
35 |
Session Distribution by Quota |
Vary data quotas |
Quotas enforced |
36 |
Session Distribution by Duration |
Vary session lengths |
All handled |
37 |
Session Distribution by User Group |
Group-based policies |
Policies applied |
38 |
Session Distribution by Location |
Simulate multiple POPs |
All POPs handle load |
39 |
Session Distribution by Protocol |
Mix of PPPoE, PPPoA |
PPPoE sessions stable |
40 |
Session Distribution by Encryption |
Encrypted vs. plain |
All succeed |
41 |
Session Distribution by Authentication Server |
Multiple RADIUS servers |
Load distributed |
42 |
Session Distribution by Accounting Server |
Multiple accounting servers |
Logs consistent |
43 |
Session Distribution by Interface |
Multiple Ethernet interfaces |
Load balanced |
44 |
Session Distribution by Gateway |
Multiple gateways |
Routing stable |
45 |
Session Distribution by DNS Server |
Multiple DNS options |
Resolution works |
46 |
Session Distribution by NAT Pool |
Multiple NAT pools |
NAT stable |
47 |
Session Distribution by Firewall Rules |
Varying rules |
All enforced |
48 |
Session Distribution by Logging Level |
Vary verbosity |
Logs accurate |
49 |
Session Distribution by Alerting Rules |
Vary thresholds |
Alerts triggered |
50 |
Session Distribution by Compliance Policy |
Enforce policies |
All sessions compliant |
Reference links