DHCPv4 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv4
What is DHCPv4?
DHCPv4 stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv4. It is a network management protocol used to automatically assign IPv4 addresses and other configuration information (like subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server) to devices on a network.
Why is DHCPv4 useful?
Eliminates the need for manual IP configuration.
Reduces configuration errors caused by human input.
Efficiently manages and reuses a limited pool of IPv4 addresses.
Supports dynamic, automatic, and centralized IP address assignment.
Ideal for networks with frequent device changes (e.g., enterprise or public networks).
How it works (DHCPv4 process):
Discover – The client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message to locate a DHCP server.
Offer – The server replies with a DHCPOFFER message containing an IP address and configuration.
Request – The client replies with a DHCPREQUEST message to request the offered address.
Acknowledge – The server sends a DHCPACK to confirm the lease and configuration.
(This is often referred to as the DORA process: Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge)
Where is DHCPv4 used?
Home Networks – For automatic IP assignment via Wi-Fi routers.
Enterprise Networks – To manage large pools of IPs efficiently.
Data Centers – For dynamic provisioning of servers and virtual machines.
Public Networks – In hotels, airports, and cafes for guest access.
Which OSI Layer Does DHCPv4 Belong To?
DHCPv4 operates at the Application Layer (Layer 7) of the OSI model.
It provides network configuration services (like IP address assignment) to applications and users.
While it uses UDP (Transport Layer – Layer 4) to transmit messages, the DHCP logic (like DISCOVER, OFFER, etc.) is defined at the Application Layer.
It interacts with system-level services to configure network parameters dynamically.
Topics in this section,
In this section, you are going to learn
Terminology
Version Info
DHCPv4 Version |
RFC |
Year |
Core Idea / Contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
DHCPv4 v1 |
|||
RFC 1531 |
1993 |
Initial definition of DHCP as an extension of BOOTP. |
|
DHCPv4 v2 |
|||
RFC 2131 |
1997 |
Updated and standardized DHCPv4; still the core specification. |
|
DHCP Options |
|||
RFC 2132 |
1997 |
Defined DHCP options for configuration parameters. |
|
DHCP Authentication |
|||
RFC 3118 |
2001 |
Authentication for DHCP messages. |
|
DHCP Failover |
|||
RFC 3074 (draft) |
2001 |
Proposed failover protocol for DHCP redundancy (not standardized). |
|
DHCP Leasequery |
|||
RFC 4388 |
2006 |
Mechanism for querying DHCP servers about active leases. |
|
DHCP Reconfigure |
|||
RFC 3203 |
2002 |
Allows servers to trigger client reconfiguration. |
|
DHCP Relay Agent Info |
|||
RFC 3046 |
2001 |
Adds relay agent information to DHCP messages. |
|
DHCPv4-over-DHCPv6 |
|||
Draft (2025) |
2025 |
Allows DHCPv4 operation over DHCPv6 infrastructure (in progress). |
Setup
DHCP Offer
S.No |
Protocol Packet Field |
Description |
Size (Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
DHCP Offer
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
DHCP Request
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
DHCP Acknowledgment (ACK)
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
DHCP Negative Acknowledgment (NAK)
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
DHCP Decline
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
DHCP Release
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
DHCP Inform
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
S.no |
Use Case |
Description |
|---|---|---|
1 |
Automatic IP Address Assignment |
Assigns IP addresses dynamically to devices joining a network. |
2 |
Centralized Network Configuration |
Distributes subnet mask, gateway, DNS, and other settings from a central server. |
3 |
IP Address Management |
Efficiently manages IP address pools and lease durations. |
4 |
Guest and BYOD Networks |
Provides temporary IPs to guest devices without manual configuration. |
5 |
VoIP and IP Phones |
Automatically configures phones with IP, TFTP server, and VLAN info. |
6 |
PXE Booting |
Supports network booting of devices using DHCP options. |
7 |
Failover and Redundancy |
Ensures high availability of IP assignment using DHCP failover mechanisms. |
S.No |
Feature |
Description |
|---|---|---|
1 |
Dynamic IP Assignment |
Automatically assigns IP addresses to clients from a defined pool |
2 |
Lease Management |
Allocates IP addresses for a limited time (lease), which can be renewed or released |
3 |
Centralized Configuration |
Distributes network settings like subnet mask, gateway, DNS, and more from a central server. |
4 |
DHCP Options |
Supports customizable options (e.g., router, DNS, domain name, boot server) via RFC 2132 |
5 |
Manual (Static) Assignment |
Allows fixed IP assignment based on MAC address (reservation). |
6 |
Relay Agent Support |
Forwards DHCP messages between clients and servers across subnets (RFC 1542) |
7 |
Authentication (Optional) |
Supports authentication of DHCP messages (RFC 3118), though rarely used in practice |
8 |
Failover Support |
Provides redundancy and load balancing between DHCP servers (via drafts or vendor-specific |
implementations) |
||
9 |
PXE Boot Support |
Enables network booting of devices using DHCP options (e.g., option 66/67) |
10 |
Logging & Auditing |
Tracks lease assignments, renewals, and client activity for monitoring and troubleshooting |
Dynamic IP Assignment - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
DHCP Discover |
Client sends DHCPDISCOVER |
Server responds with DHCPOFFER |
2 |
DHCP Offer |
Server sends DHCPOFFER |
Offer contains IP and lease info |
3 |
DHCP Request |
Client sends DHCPREQUEST |
Server responds with DHCPACK |
4 |
DHCP Acknowledgement |
Server sends DHCPACK |
Client configures IP |
5 |
DHCP Decline |
Client sends DHCPDECLINE |
Server marks IP as unusable |
6 |
DHCP Release |
Client sends DHCPRELEASE |
IP returned to pool |
7 |
DHCP Inform |
Client sends DHCPINFORM |
Server responds with config info |
8 |
Lease Expiry |
Wait for lease to expire |
Client renews or releases IP |
9 |
Lease Renewal |
Client sends DHCPREQUEST |
Server renews lease |
10 |
Lease Rebinding |
Client retries after no ACK |
Server responds with DHCPACK |
11 |
Multiple Clients |
Connect multiple clients |
All receive unique IPs |
12 |
IP Conflict Detection |
Two clients request same IP |
Server resolves conflict |
13 |
Server Unavailable |
No DHCP server present |
Client fails to get IP |
14 |
Server Recovery |
Restart DHCP server |
Clients reconnect and renew IPs |
15 |
IP Pool Exhaustion |
Exhaust available IPs |
New clients get no IP |
16 |
Static IP Reservation |
Reserve IP for MAC address |
Client gets reserved IP |
17 |
Lease Time Configuration |
Set custom lease time |
Client receives correct lease |
18 |
DHCP Relay Agent |
Use relay between client and server |
IP assigned via relay |
19 |
Relay Agent Option 82 |
Enable Option 82 |
Server logs relay info |
20 |
DHCP Server Logging |
Enable logging |
Logs show DISCOVER, OFFER, etc. |
21 |
DHCP Server on VLAN |
Server on separate VLAN |
Clients get IP if routing works |
22 |
DHCP Client on VLAN |
Client on separate VLAN |
IP assigned if routing works |
23 |
DHCP with Firewall |
Block DHCP ports |
IP assignment fails |
24 |
DHCP with NAT |
Clients behind NAT |
Local IPs assigned |
25 |
DHCP with VPN |
Client on VPN |
May get IP from VPN DHCP |
26 |
DHCP with PXE Boot |
PXE client requests IP |
IP assigned for boot |
27 |
DHCP with Wireshark |
Capture DHCP packets |
DISCOVER, OFFER, etc. visible |
28 |
DHCP with Multiple Interfaces |
Client with multiple NICs |
Each gets separate IP |
29 |
DHCP with MAC Filtering |
Enable MAC filtering |
Only allowed MACs get IP |
30 |
DHCP with IP Filtering |
Filter IP ranges |
Only allowed IPs assigned |
31 |
DHCP with DNS Options |
Configure DNS in DHCP |
Client receives DNS info |
32 |
DHCP with Gateway Options |
Configure gateway in DHCP |
Client receives gateway info |
33 |
DHCP with Subnet Mask |
Configure subnet mask |
Client receives correct mask |
34 |
DHCP with Broadcast Flag |
Client sets broadcast flag |
Server responds accordingly |
35 |
DHCP with Rapid Commit |
Enable rapid commit |
DISCOVER ? ACK directly |
36 |
DHCP with Option 60 |
Use vendor class ID |
Server responds based on ID |
37 |
DHCP with Option 61 |
Use client identifier |
Server identifies client |
38 |
DHCP with Option 12 |
Set hostname option |
Server logs hostname |
39 |
DHCP with Option 3 |
Set router option |
Client receives router IP |
40 |
DHCP with Option 6 |
Set DNS server option |
Client receives DNS IPs |
41 |
DHCP with Option 15 |
Set domain name option |
Client receives domain name |
42 |
DHCP with Option 51 |
Set lease time option |
Client receives lease duration |
43 |
DHCP with Option 54 |
Server identifier option |
Client identifies server |
44 |
DHCP with Option 82 Spoofing |
Spoof relay info |
Server logs spoofed data |
45 |
DHCP with Rogue Server |
Add unauthorized server |
Clients may get wrong IPs |
46 |
DHCP Server Failover |
Configure failover |
Secondary server assigns IPs |
47 |
DHCP Server Load Test |
Simulate many clients |
Server handles load |
48 |
DHCP Server Restart |
Restart server during lease |
Clients retain IPs |
49 |
DHCP Server Upgrade |
Upgrade DHCP software |
No disruption in IP assignment |
50 |
DHCP Server Backup Restore |
Restore from backup |
IP pool and leases restored |
Lease Management - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Lease Assignment |
Assign IP to client |
Client receives IP with lease time |
2 |
Lease Expiry |
Wait for lease to expire |
Client releases or renews IP |
3 |
Lease Renewal |
Client sends DHCPREQUEST before expiry |
Server renews lease |
4 |
Lease Rebinding |
Client retries after no ACK |
Server responds with DHCPACK |
5 |
Lease Release |
Client sends DHCPRELEASE |
IP returned to pool |
6 |
Lease Decline |
Client sends DHCPDECLINE |
Server marks IP as unusable |
7 |
Lease Time Configuration |
Set custom lease duration |
Client receives correct lease time |
8 |
Short Lease Time |
Set lease time to 1 minute |
Client renews frequently |
9 |
Long Lease Time |
Set lease time to 1 week |
Client retains IP for long duration |
10 |
Lease Renewal After Reboot |
Reboot client before lease expiry |
Client sends DHCPREQUEST |
11 |
Lease Renewal After Server Reboot |
Reboot server during lease |
Client retains lease |
12 |
Lease Table Inspection |
View server lease table |
Shows active leases |
13 |
Lease Table Cleanup |
Expire leases and check table |
Expired leases removed |
14 |
Lease Conflict Detection |
Assign same IP to two clients |
Server resolves conflict |
15 |
Lease Reservation |
Reserve IP for MAC address |
Client always gets same IP |
16 |
Lease Renewal with Option 61 |
Use client identifier |
Server matches lease to identifier |
17 |
Lease Renewal with Option 50 |
Request specific IP |
Server honors if available |
18 |
Lease Renewal with Option 54 |
Server identifier option |
Client renews with correct server |
19 |
Lease Renewal with Option 82 |
Relay agent info |
Server logs relay info |
20 |
Lease Renewal with Broadcast Flag |
Client sets broadcast flag |
Server responds accordingly |
21 |
Lease Renewal with Unicast |
Client uses unicast |
Server responds with ACK |
22 |
Lease Renewal with Broadcast |
Client uses broadcast |
Server responds with ACK |
23 |
Lease Renewal with No Server |
Disconnect server |
Client retries and rebinds |
24 |
Lease Renewal with Multiple Servers |
Multiple DHCP servers |
Client renews with original server |
25 |
Lease Renewal with Rogue Server |
Add unauthorized server |
Client may get wrong lease |
26 |
Lease Renewal with Firewall |
Block DHCP ports |
Renewal fails |
27 |
Lease Renewal with NAT |
Client behind NAT |
Local IP lease renewed |
28 |
Lease Renewal with VPN |
Client on VPN |
May renew via VPN DHCP |
29 |
Lease Renewal with VLAN |
Client on different VLAN |
Lease renewed if routing works |
30 |
Lease Renewal with MAC Change |
Change client MAC |
Server treats as new client |
31 |
Lease Renewal with IP Change |
Change client IP manually |
Server may reassign original IP |
32 |
Lease Renewal with Time Drift |
Client clock out of sync |
Lease may expire early or late |
33 |
Lease Renewal with DHCPINFORM |
Client sends INFORM |
Server responds with config info |
34 |
Lease Renewal with Option 12 |
Set hostname |
Server logs hostname |
35 |
Lease Renewal with Option 3 |
Set router option |
Client receives router IP |
36 |
Lease Renewal with Option 6 |
Set DNS server option |
Client receives DNS IPs |
37 |
Lease Renewal with Option 15 |
Set domain name option |
Client receives domain name |
38 |
Lease Renewal with Option 51 |
Set lease time option |
Client receives lease duration |
39 |
Lease Renewal with Option 53 |
DHCP message type |
Server identifies request type |
40 |
Lease Renewal with Option 55 |
Parameter request list |
Server responds with requested options |
41 |
Lease Renewal with Option 66 |
TFTP server name |
Client receives boot server info |
42 |
Lease Renewal with Option 67 |
Bootfile name |
Client receives bootfile info |
43 |
Lease Renewal with Option 119 |
Domain search list |
Client receives search domains |
44 |
Lease Renewal with Option 252 |
Proxy autodiscovery |
Client receives PAC URL |
45 |
Lease Renewal with Logging |
Enable server logs |
Logs show renewal process |
46 |
Lease Renewal with Monitoring |
Monitor DHCP traffic |
Renewal packets visible |
47 |
Lease Renewal with Wireshark |
Capture DHCP packets |
DHCPREQUEST and DHCPACK visible |
48 |
Lease Renewal with Load Test |
Simulate many clients |
Server handles lease renewals |
49 |
Lease Renewal with Failover |
Use DHCP failover setup |
Secondary server handles renewal |
50 |
Lease Renewal with Backup Restore |
Restore server from backup |
Lease table restored correctly |
Centralized Configuration - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Centralized Server Setup |
Configure DHCP server centrally |
Clients receive IP and config from central server |
2 |
IP Pool Configuration |
Define IP range on central server |
Clients receive IPs within defined range |
3 |
Subnet Configuration |
Set subnet mask centrally |
Clients receive correct subnet mask |
4 |
Gateway Configuration |
Set default gateway centrally |
Clients receive correct gateway |
5 |
DNS Configuration |
Set DNS servers centrally |
Clients receive correct DNS IPs |
6 |
Domain Name Configuration |
Set domain name centrally |
Clients receive domain name |
7 |
Lease Time Configuration |
Set lease duration centrally |
Clients receive correct lease time |
8 |
Static IP Reservation |
Reserve IP for specific MAC address |
Client receives reserved IP |
9 |
Multiple Subnet Support |
Configure multiple subnets |
Clients receive IPs based on subnet |
10 |
Option 3 Configuration |
Set router option centrally |
Clients receive router IP |
11 |
Option 6 Configuration |
Set DNS option centrally |
Clients receive DNS IPs |
12 |
Option 15 Configuration |
Set domain name option |
Clients receive domain name |
13 |
Option 51 Configuration |
Set lease time option |
Clients receive lease duration |
14 |
Option 66 Configuration |
Set TFTP server name |
Clients receive boot server info |
15 |
Option 67 Configuration |
Set bootfile name |
Clients receive bootfile info |
16 |
Option 119 Configuration |
Set domain search list |
Clients receive search domains |
17 |
Option 252 Configuration |
Set proxy autodiscovery URL |
Clients receive PAC URL |
18 |
Centralized Logging |
Enable logging on central server |
Logs show client requests and responses |
19 |
Centralized Monitoring |
Monitor DHCP activity centrally |
Admin sees all lease activity |
20 |
Centralized Lease Table |
View lease table on central server |
Shows all active leases |
21 |
Lease Expiry Management |
Expire leases centrally |
IPs returned to pool |
22 |
Lease Renewal Management |
Renew leases from central server |
Clients retain IPs |
23 |
Lease Release Management |
Release leases from central server |
IPs returned to pool |
24 |
Rogue Server Detection |
Detect unauthorized DHCP servers |
Alerts or logs generated |
25 |
Configuration Backup |
Backup DHCP configuration |
Backup file created |
26 |
Configuration Restore |
Restore DHCP configuration |
Settings restored |
27 |
Configuration Versioning |
Track changes to configuration |
Version history available |
28 |
Configuration Audit |
Audit DHCP settings |
Audit report generated |
29 |
Configuration via CLI |
Configure DHCP using command line |
Settings applied successfully |
30 |
Configuration via GUI |
Configure DHCP using web interface |
Settings applied successfully |
31 |
Configuration via API |
Configure DHCP using REST API |
Settings applied successfully |
32 |
Configuration Sync |
Sync settings across multiple servers |
All servers have same config |
33 |
Configuration Validation |
Validate DHCP settings |
No errors reported |
34 |
Configuration Rollback |
Rollback to previous config |
Previous settings restored |
35 |
Configuration Export |
Export DHCP settings to file |
File created with config |
36 |
Configuration Import |
Import DHCP settings from file |
Settings applied |
37 |
Centralized Relay Configuration |
Configure relay agents centrally |
Relay forwards requests correctly |
38 |
Option 82 Configuration |
Configure relay info centrally |
Server logs relay info |
39 |
Centralized MAC Filtering |
Set allowed MACs centrally |
Only allowed clients get IP |
40 |
Centralized IP Filtering |
Set allowed IP ranges centrally |
Only allowed IPs assigned |
41 |
Centralized VLAN Configuration |
Configure VLAN-specific settings |
Clients on VLANs get correct config |
42 |
Centralized Failover Setup |
Configure failover DHCP server |
Backup server takes over if needed |
43 |
Centralized Load Balancing |
Distribute load across DHCP servers |
Requests balanced |
44 |
Centralized DHCPINFORM Handling |
Respond to INFORM requests centrally |
Clients receive config info |
45 |
Centralized Option 60 Handling |
Handle vendor class ID centrally |
Server responds based on ID |
46 |
Centralized Option 61 Handling |
Handle client identifier centrally |
Server identifies client correctly |
47 |
Centralized Option 12 Handling |
Handle hostname option centrally |
Server logs hostname |
48 |
Centralized Option 55 Handling |
Handle parameter request list centrally |
Server responds with requested options |
49 |
Centralized Option 53 Handling |
Handle DHCP message types centrally |
Server identifies and responds correctly |
50 |
Centralized Configuration Test |
Test full configuration setup |
All clients receive correct settings |
DHCP Options - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Option 1 Subnet Mask |
Configure subnet mask option |
Client receives correct subnet mask |
2 |
Option 3 Router |
Configure default gateway |
Client receives correct gateway |
3 |
Option 6 DNS Servers |
Configure DNS server addresses |
Client receives DNS IPs |
4 |
Option 12 Hostname |
Client sends hostname |
Server logs hostname |
5 |
Option 15 Domain Name |
Configure domain name |
Client receives domain name |
6 |
Option 28 Broadcast Address |
Configure broadcast address |
Client receives correct broadcast address |
7 |
Option 51 Lease Time |
Set lease duration |
Client receives correct lease time |
8 |
Option 53 DHCP Message Type |
Client sends message type |
Server responds appropriately |
9 |
Option 54 Server Identifier |
Server includes its IP |
Client identifies server |
10 |
Option 55 Parameter Request List |
Client requests specific options |
Server responds with requested options |
11 |
Option 58 Renewal Time (T1) |
Configure renewal time |
Client renews lease at T1 |
12 |
Option 59 Rebinding Time (T2) |
Configure rebinding time |
Client rebinds lease at T2 |
13 |
Option 60 Vendor Class ID |
Client sends vendor ID |
Server responds based on ID |
14 |
Option 61 Client Identifier |
Client sends unique ID |
Server uses ID to track lease |
15 |
Option 66 TFTP Server Name |
Configure boot server |
Client receives TFTP server info |
16 |
Option 67 Bootfile Name |
Configure bootfile |
Client receives bootfile name |
17 |
Option 82 Relay Agent Info |
Relay adds circuit info |
Server logs relay metadata |
18 |
Option 119 Domain Search List |
Configure search domains |
Client receives domain list |
19 |
Option 252 Proxy Auto Config |
Configure PAC URL |
Client receives proxy config URL |
20 |
Option 44 NetBIOS Name Server |
Configure WINS server |
Client receives WINS IP |
21 |
Option 46 NetBIOS Node Type |
Configure node type |
Client receives node type |
22 |
Option 121 Classless Static Routes |
Configure static routes |
Client receives route list |
23 |
Option 77 User Class |
Client sends user class |
Server responds based on class |
24 |
Option 81 FQDN |
Client sends FQDN |
Server updates DNS |
25 |
Option 93 Client Architecture |
PXE client sends architecture info |
Server responds with appropriate bootfile |
26 |
Option 94 Client Network Device |
PXE client sends device info |
Server uses info for boot |
27 |
Option 97 UUID/GUID |
PXE client sends UUID |
Server identifies client |
28 |
Option 43 Vendor Specific Info |
Send vendor-specific options |
Client receives custom data |
29 |
Option 150 TFTP Server (Cisco) |
Configure Cisco TFTP server |
Client receives server IP |
30 |
Option 176 IP Phone Config |
Configure IP phone options |
Phone receives config |
31 |
Option 242 VoIP Config (Avaya) |
Configure VoIP settings |
VoIP device receives config |
32 |
Option 240 Custom Option |
Define custom option |
Client receives custom data |
33 |
Option 210 Path Prefix |
Configure path prefix |
Client receives prefix |
34 |
Option 209 Configuration File |
Configure config file path |
Client receives file info |
35 |
Option 203 NIS+ Domain |
Configure NIS+ domain |
Client receives domain name |
36 |
Option 202 NIS+ Servers |
Configure NIS+ servers |
Client receives server IPs |
37 |
Option 17 Root Path |
Configure root path for boot |
Client receives path |
38 |
Option 26 MTU Size |
Configure MTU size |
Client receives MTU value |
39 |
Option 33 Static Routes |
Configure static routes |
Client receives route list |
40 |
Option 40 NIS Domain |
Configure NIS domain |
Client receives domain name |
41 |
Option 41 NIS Servers |
Configure NIS servers |
Client receives server IPs |
42 |
Option 42 NTP Servers |
Configure NTP servers |
Client receives time server IPs |
43 |
Option 64 NIS+ Domain Name |
Configure NIS+ domain |
Client receives domain name |
44 |
Option 65 NIS+ Server Address |
Configure NIS+ server |
Client receives server IPs |
45 |
Option 68 Mobile IP Home Agent |
Configure mobile IP agent |
Client receives agent IP |
46 |
Option 69 SMTP Server |
Configure SMTP server |
Client receives mail server IP |
47 |
Option 70 POP3 Server |
Configure POP3 server |
Client receives mail server IP |
48 |
Option 71 NNTP Server |
Configure NNTP server |
Client receives news server IP |
49 |
Option 72 WWW Server |
Configure web server |
Client receives web server IP |
50 |
Option 73 Finger Server |
Configure finger server |
Client receives server IP |
Manual (Static) Assignment - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Static IP Reservation |
Reserve IP for a specific MAC address |
Client receives the reserved IP |
2 |
Duplicate Static IP Detection |
Assign same IP to two MACs |
Server flags conflict or denies second assignment |
3 |
Static IP Outside Pool |
Assign static IP outside dynamic pool |
Client receives static IP |
4 |
Static IP Inside Pool |
Assign static IP within dynamic pool |
IP excluded from dynamic allocation |
5 |
Static IP with Hostname |
Assign hostname with static IP |
Server logs hostname |
6 |
Static IP with Lease Time |
Assign lease time to static IP |
Client receives lease time |
7 |
Static IP with DNS Options |
Assign DNS servers with static IP |
Client receives DNS info |
8 |
Static IP with Gateway |
Assign gateway with static IP |
Client receives gateway info |
9 |
Static IP with Subnet Mask |
Assign subnet mask with static IP |
Client receives correct mask |
10 |
Static IP with Domain Name |
Assign domain name with static IP |
Client receives domain name |
11 |
Static IP with Option 66 |
Assign TFTP server |
Client receives TFTP info |
12 |
Static IP with Option 67 |
Assign bootfile name |
Client receives bootfile info |
13 |
Static IP with Option 82 |
Assign static IP via relay |
Server logs relay info |
14 |
Static IP with Option 60 |
Assign based on vendor class ID |
Client receives correct IP |
15 |
Static IP with Option 61 |
Assign based on client identifier |
Client receives correct IP |
16 |
Static IP with Option 12 |
Assign based on hostname |
Client receives correct IP |
17 |
Static IP with Option 55 |
Client requests specific options |
Server responds with static config |
18 |
Static IP with Option 3 |
Assign router IP |
Client receives router IP |
19 |
Static IP with Option 6 |
Assign DNS IPs |
Client receives DNS IPs |
20 |
Static IP with Option 15 |
Assign domain name |
Client receives domain name |
21 |
Static IP with Option 252 |
Assign proxy config URL |
Client receives PAC URL |
22 |
Static IP with Option 119 |
Assign domain search list |
Client receives search domains |
23 |
Static IP with Logging |
Enable logging for static assignment |
Logs show static IP assignment |
24 |
Static IP with Monitoring |
Monitor static IP usage |
Admin sees static lease activity |
25 |
Static IP with Lease Expiry |
Set expiry for static lease |
IP released after expiry |
26 |
Static IP with No Expiry |
Set infinite lease |
IP never expires |
27 |
Static IP with MAC Filtering |
Allow only specific MACs |
Only allowed MACs get static IP |
28 |
Static IP with VLAN |
Assign static IP to VLAN client |
Client receives correct IP |
29 |
Static IP with VPN |
Assign static IP to VPN client |
Client receives correct IP |
30 |
Static IP with NAT |
Assign static IP behind NAT |
Client receives local IP |
31 |
Static IP with Firewall |
Block DHCP ports |
Static assignment fails |
32 |
Static IP with PXE Boot |
Assign static IP to PXE client |
Client receives IP and bootfile |
33 |
Static IP with Wireshark |
Capture DHCP packets |
Static assignment visible |
34 |
Static IP with CLI Configuration |
Configure static IP via CLI |
Client receives correct IP |
35 |
Static IP with GUI Configuration |
Configure static IP via GUI |
Client receives correct IP |
36 |
Static IP with API Configuration |
Configure static IP via API |
Client receives correct IP |
37 |
Static IP with Backup Restore |
Restore static config from backup |
Static IPs restored |
38 |
Static IP with Export/Import |
Export and import static config |
Settings applied correctly |
39 |
Static IP with Conflict Logging |
Log IP conflicts |
Conflict entries visible in logs |
40 |
Static IP with DHCPINFORM |
Client sends INFORM |
Server responds with static config |
41 |
Static IP with Option 44 |
Assign NetBIOS name server |
Client receives WINS IP |
42 |
Static IP with Option 42 |
Assign NTP server |
Client receives time server IP |
43 |
Static IP with Option 121 |
Assign classless static routes |
Client receives route list |
44 |
Static IP with Option 77 |
Assign based on user class |
Client receives correct IP |
45 |
Static IP with Option 81 |
Assign based on FQDN |
Server updates DNS |
46 |
Static IP with Option 93 |
Assign based on architecture |
PXE client receives correct IP |
47 |
Static IP with Option 97 |
Assign based on UUID |
PXE client receives correct IP |
48 |
Static IP with Option 209 |
Assign config file path |
Client receives file info |
49 |
Static IP with Option 210 |
Assign path prefix |
Client receives prefix |
50 |
Static IP with Option 240 |
Assign custom option |
Client receives custom data |
Relay Agent Support - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Relay Agent Basic Functionality |
Configure DHCP relay agent |
DHCP requests are forwarded to central server |
2 |
Relay Agent IP Forwarding |
Verify relay forwards client IP |
Server sees client IP in relayed packet |
3 |
Relay Agent Option 82 Injection |
Enable Option 82 on relay |
Server receives circuit ID and remote ID |
4 |
Relay Agent Without Option 82 |
Disable Option 82 |
Server receives standard relay packet |
5 |
Relay Agent with Multiple Interfaces |
Relay with multiple NICs |
Requests forwarded from correct interface |
6 |
Relay Agent with VLANs |
Relay between VLANs |
Clients on VLANs get IPs |
7 |
Relay Agent with Subnet Routing |
Relay between routed subnets |
Clients receive IPs from central server |
8 |
Relay Agent with Firewall |
Block UDP 67/68 or 67/67 |
DHCP fails |
9 |
Relay Agent with NAT |
Relay behind NAT |
May fail due to address translation |
10 |
Relay Agent with VPN |
Relay over VPN tunnel |
DHCP works if routing is correct |
11 |
Relay Agent with DHCP Snooping |
Enable DHCP snooping |
Relay traffic allowed if trusted |
12 |
Relay Agent with IGMP Snooping |
Enable IGMP snooping |
Relay unaffected |
13 |
Relay Agent with Option 82 Circuit ID |
Set custom circuit ID |
Server logs correct circuit ID |
14 |
Relay Agent with Option 82 Remote ID |
Set custom remote ID |
Server logs correct remote ID |
15 |
Relay Agent with Option 82 Policy |
Configure server to act on Option 82 |
Server assigns IP based on relay info |
16 |
Relay Agent with Option 82 Stripping |
Strip Option 82 at relay |
Server receives no Option 82 |
17 |
Relay Agent with Option 82 Forwarding |
Forward Option 82 to server |
Server receives and logs Option 82 |
18 |
Relay Agent with Option 82 Insertion |
Insert Option 82 at relay |
Server receives Option 82 |
19 |
Relay Agent with Option 82 Override |
Override existing Option 82 |
Server receives updated Option 82 |
20 |
Relay Agent with Logging Enabled |
Enable logging on relay |
Logs show forwarded packets |
21 |
Relay Agent with Monitoring |
Monitor relay traffic |
DHCP packets visible |
22 |
Relay Agent with Wireshark |
Capture relay packets |
Relay adds relay-agent IP and Option 82 |
23 |
Relay Agent with Multiple Servers |
Relay to multiple DHCP servers |
Load balanced or failover behavior observed |
24 |
Relay Agent Failover |
Primary relay fails |
Secondary relay takes over |
25 |
Relay Agent Load Balancing |
Distribute requests across servers |
Balanced server responses |
26 |
Relay Agent with Static Routing |
Use static routes to reach server |
DHCP works if routes are correct |
27 |
Relay Agent with Dynamic Routing |
Use dynamic routing protocols |
DHCP works if routes are learned |
28 |
Relay Agent with DHCPINFORM |
Forward INFORM messages |
Server responds with config |
29 |
Relay Agent with DHCPRELEASE |
Forward RELEASE messages |
Server updates lease table |
30 |
Relay Agent with DHCPDECLINE |
Forward DECLINE messages |
Server marks IP as unusable |
31 |
Relay Agent with DHCPDISCOVER |
Forward DISCOVER messages |
Server responds with OFFER |
32 |
Relay Agent with DHCPREQUEST |
Forward REQUEST messages |
Server responds with ACK |
33 |
Relay Agent with DHCPACK |
Relay receives ACK from server |
ACK forwarded to client |
34 |
Relay Agent with DHCPNAK |
Relay receives NAK from server |
NAK forwarded to client |
35 |
Relay Agent with DHCP Option 54 |
Server includes its IP |
Client identifies correct server |
36 |
Relay Agent with Option 61 |
Client sends client identifier |
Server uses ID for lease |
37 |
Relay Agent with Option 60 |
Client sends vendor class ID |
Server responds accordingly |
38 |
Relay Agent with Option 55 |
Client requests specific options |
Server responds with requested options |
39 |
Relay Agent with Option 12 |
Client sends hostname |
Server logs hostname |
40 |
Relay Agent with Option 3 |
Server sends router IP |
Client receives correct gateway |
41 |
Relay Agent with Option 6 |
Server sends DNS IPs |
Client receives DNS servers |
42 |
Relay Agent with Option 15 |
Server sends domain name |
Client receives domain name |
43 |
Relay Agent with Option 119 |
Server sends domain search list |
Client receives search domains |
44 |
Relay Agent with Option 252 |
Server sends proxy config URL |
Client receives PAC URL |
45 |
Relay Agent with Option 150 |
Server sends Cisco TFTP server |
Client receives TFTP IP |
46 |
Relay Agent with Option 67 |
Server sends bootfile name |
PXE client receives bootfile |
47 |
Relay Agent with Option 66 |
Server sends TFTP server name |
PXE client receives TFTP info |
48 |
Relay Agent with Option 43 |
Server sends vendor-specific info |
Client receives custom data |
49 |
Relay Agent with Option 121 |
Server sends classless static routes |
Client receives route list |
50 |
Relay Agent with Option 82 Validation |
Validate Option 82 format |
Server accepts or rejects based on policy |
Authentication (Optional) - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Enable DHCP Authentication |
Enable authentication on server and client |
Authenticated exchange occurs |
2 |
Disable DHCP Authentication |
Disable authentication |
Normal DHCP exchange without auth |
3 |
Valid Authentication Key |
Use correct shared secret |
Client receives IP address |
4 |
Invalid Authentication Key |
Use incorrect shared secret |
Server rejects request |
5 |
Missing Authentication Option |
Client omits authentication option |
Server ignores or rejects request |
6 |
Replay Attack Detection |
Replay old authenticated message |
Server rejects message |
7 |
Authentication with DISCOVER |
Client sends DISCOVER with auth |
Server responds with OFFER |
8 |
Authentication with REQUEST |
Client sends REQUEST with auth |
Server responds with ACK |
9 |
Authentication with INFORM |
Client sends INFORM with auth |
Server responds with config |
10 |
Authentication with DECLINE |
Client sends DECLINE with auth |
Server marks IP as unusable |
11 |
Authentication with RELEASE |
Client sends RELEASE with auth |
Server releases IP |
12 |
Authentication with NAK |
Server sends NAK with auth |
Client rejects lease |
13 |
Authentication with ACK |
Server sends ACK with auth |
Client accepts lease |
14 |
Authentication Algorithm - HMAC-MD5 |
Use HMAC-MD5 for authentication |
Exchange succeeds |
15 |
Authentication Algorithm - HMAC-SHA1 |
Use HMAC-SHA1 for authentication |
Exchange succeeds |
16 |
Authentication Algorithm - HMAC-SHA256 |
Use HMAC-SHA256 for authentication |
Exchange succeeds |
17 |
Authentication Replay Window |
Configure replay detection window |
Replayed messages rejected |
18 |
Authentication Key Rotation |
Rotate shared secret |
Clients re-authenticate successfully |
19 |
Authentication Key Expiry |
Use expired key |
Server rejects request |
20 |
Authentication Key ID Mismatch |
Use wrong key ID |
Server rejects request |
21 |
Authentication with Option 90 |
Include Option 90 in DHCP packet |
Server validates authentication |
22 |
Authentication with Relay Agent |
Relay forwards authenticated packet |
Server validates and responds |
23 |
Authentication with Option 82 |
Use Option 82 with authentication |
Server validates both |
24 |
Authentication with Option 61 |
Use client identifier with auth |
Server validates identity |
25 |
Authentication with Option 60 |
Use vendor class ID with auth |
Server responds accordingly |
26 |
Authentication with Option 55 |
Request specific options with auth |
Server responds with options |
27 |
Authentication with Option 12 |
Send hostname with auth |
Server logs hostname |
28 |
Authentication with Option 3 |
Request router IP with auth |
Server responds with gateway |
29 |
Authentication with Option 6 |
Request DNS IPs with auth |
Server responds with DNS |
30 |
Authentication with Option 15 |
Request domain name with auth |
Server responds with domain |
31 |
Authentication with Option 119 |
Request domain search list with auth |
Server responds with search domains |
32 |
Authentication with Option 252 |
Request proxy config URL with auth |
Server responds with PAC URL |
33 |
Authentication Logging Enabled |
Enable logging on server |
Logs show auth success/failure |
34 |
Authentication Monitoring |
Monitor DHCP traffic |
Auth packets visible |
35 |
Authentication with Wireshark |
Capture DHCP packets |
Option 90 visible in packets |
36 |
Authentication with CLI Config |
Configure auth via CLI |
Auth exchange works |
37 |
Authentication with GUI Config |
Configure auth via GUI |
Auth exchange works |
38 |
Authentication with API Config |
Configure auth via API |
Auth exchange works |
39 |
Authentication with Backup/Restore |
Backup and restore auth config |
Auth settings preserved |
40 |
Authentication with Failover |
Use DHCP failover with auth |
Both servers validate auth |
41 |
Authentication with Load Balancing |
Use multiple servers with auth |
All validate correctly |
42 |
Authentication with VLANs |
Use VLAN-separated clients |
Auth exchange works |
43 |
Authentication with NAT |
Client behind NAT |
Auth exchange works if routing is correct |
44 |
Authentication with VPN |
Client over VPN |
Auth exchange works |
45 |
Authentication with Firewall |
Block DHCP ports |
Auth exchange fails |
46 |
Authentication with Expired Lease |
Renew expired lease with auth |
Server reassigns IP |
47 |
Authentication with Static IP |
Assign static IP with auth |
Client receives reserved IP |
48 |
Authentication with Dynamic IP |
Assign dynamic IP with auth |
Client receives IP from pool |
49 |
Authentication with Rogue Server |
Use unauthorized server |
Client rejects unauthenticated response |
50 |
Authentication with Invalid Format |
Send malformed Option 90 |
Server rejects request |
Failover Support - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Failover Pair Configuration |
Configure primary and secondary DHCP servers |
Servers sync and share lease info |
2 |
Failover Mode - Load Balance |
Set failover mode to load balance |
Both servers assign IPs |
3 |
Failover Mode - Hot Standby |
Set failover mode to hot standby |
Only primary assigns IPs |
4 |
Failover Communication Check |
Verify TCP connection between servers |
Connection established |
5 |
Failover State - Normal |
Both servers in normal state |
IPs assigned normally |
6 |
Failover State - Partner Down |
Simulate partner down |
Server enters partner-down state |
7 |
Failover State - Communications Interrupted |
Break link between servers |
Servers enter communication-interrupted state |
8 |
Failover State - Recover |
Restore partner after failure |
Server enters recover state |
9 |
Failover State - Recover Done |
Complete recovery |
Server returns to normal |
10 |
Failover State - Shutdown |
Manually shut down failover |
Server enters shutdown state |
11 |
Lease Assignment in Normal State |
Assign IP during normal state |
Client receives IP |
12 |
Lease Assignment in Partner Down |
Assign IP when partner is down |
Server assigns IP from its pool |
13 |
Lease Assignment in Comm Interrupted |
Assign IP during communication loss |
Server assigns IP cautiously |
14 |
Lease Assignment in Recover State |
Assign IP during recovery |
Server resumes normal operation |
15 |
Lease Synchronization |
Sync lease database between servers |
Both servers have same lease info |
16 |
Lease Conflict Resolution |
Resolve lease conflict between servers |
Conflict resolved based on timestamps |
17 |
Failover Port Configuration |
Use custom TCP port for failover |
Servers communicate on new port |
18 |
Failover Authentication |
Use authentication between servers |
Authenticated connection established |
19 |
Failover Logging |
Enable logging on both servers |
Logs show failover events |
20 |
Failover Monitoring |
Monitor failover status |
Dashboard shows server states |
21 |
Failover with Dynamic IPs |
Assign dynamic IPs during failover |
Clients receive IPs |
22 |
Failover with Static IPs |
Assign static IPs during failover |
Clients receive reserved IPs |
23 |
Failover with Option 82 |
Relay agent adds Option 82 |
Server processes correctly |
24 |
Failover with Option 61 |
Client uses identifier |
Server assigns consistent lease |
25 |
Failover with Option 55 |
Client requests specific options |
Server responds with options |
26 |
Failover with Option 3 |
Assign router IP |
Client receives correct gateway |
27 |
Failover with Option 6 |
Assign DNS IPs |
Client receives DNS servers |
28 |
Failover with Option 15 |
Assign domain name |
Client receives domain name |
29 |
Failover with Option 66/67 |
PXE boot options |
Client receives boot info |
30 |
Failover with Option 90 |
Use authentication option |
Server validates client |
31 |
Failover with Lease Renewal |
Client renews lease during failover |
Lease renewed successfully |
32 |
Failover with Lease Rebinding |
Client rebinds lease during failover |
Lease rebinds successfully |
33 |
Failover with Lease Expiry |
Lease expires during failover |
IP returned to pool |
34 |
Failover with Lease Release |
Client releases IP during failover |
IP marked as free |
35 |
Failover with DHCPINFORM |
Client sends INFORM during failover |
Server responds with config |
36 |
Failover with DHCPDECLINE |
Client declines IP during failover |
Server marks IP as unusable |
37 |
Failover with DHCPNAK |
Server sends NAK during failover |
Client retries |
38 |
Failover with Rogue Server |
Introduce unauthorized server |
Clients may receive incorrect config |
39 |
Failover with Firewall |
Block failover TCP port |
Servers enter comm-interrupted state |
40 |
Failover with NAT |
Place one server behind NAT |
Failover communication fails |
41 |
Failover with VPN |
Connect servers over VPN |
Failover works if routing is correct |
42 |
Failover with VLANs |
Servers on different VLANs |
Failover works if routing is enabled |
43 |
Failover with High Load |
Simulate many clients |
Servers handle load and sync leases |
44 |
Failover with Server Reboot |
Reboot one server |
Other server continues operation |
45 |
Failover with Network Outage |
Disconnect one server from network |
Other server enters partner-down |
46 |
Failover with Time Drift |
Desync clocks between servers |
Lease conflicts may occur |
47 |
Failover with Backup Restore |
Restore lease DB from backup |
Server resumes with correct state |
48 |
Failover with Config Mismatch |
Use different configs on servers |
Failover fails or logs error |
49 |
Failover with Option 54 |
Server identifier option |
Client identifies correct server |
50 |
Failover Recovery Validation |
Validate full recovery process |
Servers return to normal state |
PXE Boot Support - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
PXE Boot Request |
PXE client sends DHCPDISCOVER |
Server responds with DHCPOFFER |
2 |
PXE Boot with Option 60 |
Client sends vendor class ID PXEClient |
Server identifies PXE client |
3 |
PXE Boot with Option 66 |
Server provides TFTP server name |
Client receives TFTP server info |
4 |
PXE Boot with Option 67 |
Server provides bootfile name |
Client receives bootfile name |
5 |
PXE Boot with Option 93 |
Client sends architecture type |
Server responds with appropriate bootfile |
6 |
PXE Boot with Option 94 |
Client sends network interface type |
Server logs interface type |
7 |
PXE Boot with Option 97 |
Client sends UUID/GUID |
Server identifies client uniquely |
8 |
PXE Boot with Option 54 |
Server identifier included |
Client identifies correct server |
9 |
PXE Boot with Option 53 |
DHCP message type used correctly |
Server responds appropriately |
10 |
PXE Boot with Option 55 |
Client requests specific options |
Server responds with requested options |
11 |
PXE Boot with Option 12 |
Client sends hostname |
Server logs hostname |
12 |
PXE Boot with Option 3 |
Server provides router IP |
Client receives gateway |
13 |
PXE Boot with Option 6 |
Server provides DNS IPs |
Client receives DNS servers |
14 |
PXE Boot with Option 15 |
Server provides domain name |
Client receives domain name |
15 |
PXE Boot with Option 119 |
Server provides domain search list |
Client receives search domains |
16 |
PXE Boot with Option 252 |
Server provides proxy config URL |
Client receives PAC URL |
17 |
PXE Boot with Static IP |
Assign static IP to PXE client |
Client receives reserved IP |
18 |
PXE Boot with Dynamic IP |
Assign dynamic IP to PXE client |
Client receives IP from pool |
19 |
PXE Boot with Relay Agent |
Relay forwards PXE request |
Server responds with boot options |
20 |
PXE Boot with Option 82 |
Relay adds circuit/remote ID |
Server logs relay info |
21 |
PXE Boot with VLANs |
PXE client on VLAN |
Server assigns IP and bootfile |
22 |
PXE Boot with NAT |
PXE client behind NAT |
Boot may fail due to routing |
23 |
PXE Boot with VPN |
PXE client over VPN |
Boot may fail or succeed based on routing |
24 |
PXE Boot with Firewall |
Block TFTP or DHCP ports |
PXE boot fails |
25 |
PXE Boot with TFTP Server |
TFTP server responds to client |
Client downloads bootfile |
26 |
PXE Boot with HTTP Boot |
Use HTTP instead of TFTP |
Client downloads bootfile via HTTP |
27 |
PXE Boot with UEFI Client |
UEFI PXE client requests boot |
Server provides UEFI-compatible bootfile |
28 |
PXE Boot with BIOS Client |
Legacy BIOS PXE client requests boot |
Server provides BIOS-compatible bootfile |
29 |
PXE Boot with Multiple Servers |
Multiple DHCP servers respond |
Client selects appropriate server |
30 |
PXE Boot with Load Balancer |
Use load balancer in front of DHCP servers |
Requests distributed evenly |
31 |
PXE Boot with Failover |
One DHCP server fails |
Secondary server responds |
32 |
PXE Boot with Option 43 |
Vendor-specific info provided |
Client receives custom data |
33 |
PXE Boot with Option 150 |
Cisco TFTP server option |
Client receives TFTP server IP |
34 |
PXE Boot with Option 209 |
Configuration file path |
Client receives config file info |
35 |
PXE Boot with Option 210 |
Path prefix |
Client receives path prefix |
36 |
PXE Boot with Option 211 |
Reboot time |
Client receives reboot time |
37 |
PXE Boot with Option 224-254 |
Custom vendor options |
Client receives custom data |
38 |
PXE Boot with Option 1 |
Subnet mask provided |
Client receives correct mask |
39 |
PXE Boot with Option 28 |
Broadcast address provided |
Client receives broadcast address |
40 |
PXE Boot with Option 44 |
NetBIOS name server |
Client receives WINS server |
41 |
PXE Boot with Option 42 |
NTP server provided |
Client receives time server |
42 |
PXE Boot with Option 121 |
Classless static routes |
Client receives route list |
43 |
PXE Boot with Option 77 |
User class info |
Server responds based on class |
44 |
PXE Boot with Option 81 |
FQDN provided |
Server updates DNS |
45 |
PXE Boot with Option 68 |
Mobile IP home agent |
Client receives agent IP |
46 |
PXE Boot with Option 69 |
SMTP server |
Client receives mail server IP |
47 |
PXE Boot with Option 70 |
POP3 server |
Client receives mail server IP |
48 |
PXE Boot with Option 71 |
NNTP server |
Client receives news server IP |
49 |
PXE Boot with Option 72 |
WWW server |
Client receives web server IP |
50 |
PXE Boot with Option 73 |
Finger server |
Client receives finger server IP |
Logging & Auditing - Testcases
Sl.No |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Enable DHCP Logging |
Turn on logging on DHCP server |
Logs are generated for DHCP events |
2 |
Disable DHCP Logging |
Turn off logging |
No logs are generated |
3 |
Log DHCPDISCOVER |
Client sends DISCOVER |
DISCOVER logged with timestamp and MAC |
4 |
Log DHCPOFFER |
Server sends OFFER |
OFFER logged with IP and MAC |
5 |
Log DHCPREQUEST |
Client sends REQUEST |
REQUEST logged with requested IP |
6 |
Log DHCPACK |
Server sends ACK |
ACK logged with lease details |
7 |
Log DHCPNAK |
Server sends NAK |
NAK logged with reason |
8 |
Log DHCPDECLINE |
Client sends DECLINE |
DECLINE logged with IP and MAC |
9 |
Log DHCPRELEASE |
Client sends RELEASE |
RELEASE logged with IP and MAC |
10 |
Log DHCPINFORM |
Client sends INFORM |
INFORM logged with client details |
11 |
Log Lease Assignment |
Assign IP to client |
Lease assignment logged |
12 |
Log Lease Renewal |
Client renews lease |
Renewal logged with new expiry |
13 |
Log Lease Expiry |
Lease expires |
Expiry logged with IP and MAC |
14 |
Log Lease Rebinding |
Client rebinds lease |
Rebinding logged |
15 |
Log Lease Release |
Client releases IP |
Release logged with timestamp |
16 |
Log Static IP Assignment |
Assign static IP |
Static assignment logged |
17 |
Log Dynamic IP Assignment |
Assign dynamic IP |
Dynamic assignment logged |
18 |
Log Option 82 Info |
Relay agent adds Option 82 |
Circuit and remote ID logged |
19 |
Log Option 61 Info |
Client sends identifier |
Identifier logged |
20 |
Log Option 60 Info |
Client sends vendor class ID |
Vendor ID logged |
21 |
Log Option 55 Info |
Client requests specific options |
Requested options logged |
22 |
Log Option 66/67 Info |
PXE boot options |
TFTP and bootfile logged |
23 |
Log Option 90 Authentication |
Client sends authentication info |
Auth status logged |
24 |
Log Rogue DHCP Detection |
Detect unauthorized server |
Rogue server logged |
25 |
Log Server Startup |
Start DHCP server |
Startup event logged |
26 |
Log Server Shutdown |
Stop DHCP server |
Shutdown event logged |
27 |
Log Server Crash |
Simulate crash |
Crash logged with error |
28 |
Log Server Recovery |
Restart server |
Recovery logged |
29 |
Log Configuration Change |
Modify DHCP config |
Change logged with user and timestamp |
30 |
Log Failover Events |
Trigger failover |
Failover state changes logged |
31 |
Log Communication Errors |
Break server communication |
Error logged with details |
32 |
Log Unauthorized Access |
Attempt unauthorized config change |
Access denied and logged |
33 |
Log DHCP Relay Events |
Relay forwards request |
Relay IP and client info logged |
34 |
Log VLAN-based Assignment |
Assign IP to VLAN client |
VLAN ID and IP logged |
35 |
Log VPN-based Assignment |
Assign IP to VPN client |
VPN client info logged |
36 |
Log NAT-based Assignment |
Assign IP behind NAT |
NAT IP and MAC logged |
37 |
Log DHCP Packet Drop |
Drop malformed packet |
Drop reason logged |
38 |
Log DHCP Flood Detection |
Simulate flood attack |
Flood alert logged |
39 |
Log DHCP Snooping Event |
Enable DHCP snooping |
Snooping events logged |
40 |
Log Lease Conflict |
Assign same IP to two clients |
Conflict logged with MACs |
41 |
Log Lease Table Export |
Export lease table |
Export event logged |
42 |
Log Lease Table Import |
Import lease table |
Import event logged |
43 |
Log Backup Event |
Backup DHCP config |
Backup logged with timestamp |
44 |
Log Restore Event |
Restore DHCP config |
Restore logged with status |
45 |
Log API Access |
Access DHCP via API |
API call logged with user info |
46 |
Log CLI Access |
Access DHCP via CLI |
CLI command logged |
47 |
Log GUI Access |
Access DHCP via GUI |
GUI session logged |
48 |
Log Audit Trail Generation |
Generate audit report |
Report includes all DHCP events |
49 |
Log Time Sync Event |
Sync server time |
Time sync logged |
50 |
Log Log Rotation Event |
Rotate DHCP logs |
Rotation logged with archive path |
Reference links