OpenVPN 1.0 - open-source VPN 1.0
What is OpenVPN?
OpenVPN is an open-source VPN (Virtual Private Network) protocol that creates secure, encrypted tunnels between devices over the internet. It allows users to access private networks securely and anonymously.
Why is OpenVPN important?
Ensures confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data.
Supports strong encryption (e.g., AES), TLS-based key exchange, and certificate-based authentication.
Highly configurable and works across platforms and network types.
How OpenVPN works (in simple steps):
You start the OpenVPN client and connect to a VPN server.
The client and server perform a TLS handshake to authenticate and exchange encryption keys.
A secure tunnel is established using protocols like UDP or TCP.
Your internet traffic is encrypted and routed through the VPN server.
The server decrypts the traffic and forwards it to the destination.
Where is OpenVPN used?
Remote work – Secure access to corporate networks.
Privacy protection – Hiding IP addresses and encrypting traffic on public Wi-Fi.
Bypass geo-restrictions – Accessing region-locked content.
Enterprise VPNs – Secure site-to-site or client-to-site connections.
Cloud and hybrid networks – Secure communication between cloud and on-prem systems.
Which OSI Layer does this protocol belong to?
OpenVPN operates primarily at the Network Layer (Layer 3) by routing IP packets.
It also uses the Transport Layer (Layer 4) via UDP or TCP to transmit data.
Unlike PPTP or L2TP, it uses SSL/TLS for encryption and authentication instead of GRE or IPsec.
Topics in this section,
In this section, you are going to learn
Terminology
Version Info
OpenVPN 1.0 Version |
RFC |
Year |
Core Idea / Contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
OpenVPN 0.91 |
|||
Internal Docs |
26-Dec-01 |
First public beta release. Introduced basic SSL/TLS tunneling using OpenSSL 0.9.6. Very limited configuration and no GUI. |
|
OpenVPN 0.92 0.99 |
|||
Internal Docs |
Early 2002 (unofficial) |
Experimental builds with incremental improvements. These |
|
versions were not widely documented but served as stepping stones to 1.0. |
|||
OpenVPN v1.0 |
|||
Internal Docs |
2002 |
Initial release by James Yonan. Introduced SSL/TLS-based VPN tunneling using OpenSSL. Basic point-to-point tunneling with static keys. No compression, no client-server mode. Focused on simplicity and portability. |
|
OpenVPN v1.5 |
|||
Internal Docs |
2003 |
Enhanced stability, better key handling, and configuration |
|
flexibility. |
|||
OpenVPN v2.0 |
|||
Internal Docs |
2005 |
Major rewrite. Introduced client-server mode, TLS authentication, and better NAT traversal. |
|
OpenVPN v2.1 |
|||
Internal Docs |
2009 |
Added IPv6 support, Windows UAC compatibility, and better |
|
crypto options. |
|||
OpenVPN v2.3 |
|||
Internal Docs |
2013 |
Introduced PolarSSL support, ECC crypto, and IPv6 |
|
transport. |
|||
OpenVPN v2.4 |
|||
OpenVPN 2.4 Manual |
2017 |
Added AEAD ciphers (GCM), improved TLS negotiation, and |
|
better mobile support. |
|||
OpenVPN v2.5 |
|||
Internal Docs |
2020 |
Enhanced crypto (ChaCha20-Poly1305), improved |
|
multi-platform support. |
|||
OpenVPN v2.6 |
|||
Internal Docs |
2023 |
Added Data Channel Offload (DCO) support for performance. |
|
OpenVPN RFC Draft |
|||
GitHub Draft |
Ongoing |
Work in progress to formally document the OpenVPN wire |
|
protocol as an RFC. |
Setup
Setup
OpenVPN Control Packet
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
OpenVPN Control Packet |
Used for session initiation, TLS handshake, and key exchange. |
~60300+ |
Packet Type |
Indicates control type (e.g., handshake, key exchange) P_CONTROL_HARD_RESET_CLIENT_V1=Initiates a new session from the client side. P_CONTROL_HARD_RESET_SERVER_V1=Server response to clients hard reset. P_CONTROL_SOFT_RESET_V1=Used for renegotiation without full session reset. P_CONTROL_V1=Carries TLS handshake messages (e.g., ClientHello, ServerHello). P_ACK_V1=Acknowledges receipt of control packets. |
1 |
|
Session ID |
Identifies the VPN session |
8 |
|
Message Type |
TLS handshake, certificate exchange, etc. |
Variable |
|
Payload Length |
Length of the control message |
2 |
|
TLS Payload |
Contains TLS handshake data (ClientHello, ServerHello, etc.) |
Variable |
OpenVPN Data Packet
S.No |
Protocol Packets |
Description |
Size(Bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|
2 |
OpenVPN Data Packet |
Carries encrypted user data through the VPN tunnel. |
Variable |
Packet Type |
Indicates this is a data packet P_DATA_V1=Encrypted payload (e.g., IP packets) with optional compression and HMAC. P_DATA_V2 (later)=Enhanced version with better replay protection and metadata (not in 1.0). |
1 |
|
Session ID |
Identifies the VPN session |
8 |
|
Key ID |
Identifies the encryption key used |
1 |
|
Sequence Number |
Ensures packet ordering and replay protection |
4 |
|
Encrypted Payload |
Encrypted IP packet or PPP frame |
Variable |
|
HMAC (optional) |
Message authentication code for integrity |
1632 |
|
Padding (optional) |
Used for block cipher alignment |
Variable |
S.no |
Use Case |
Description |
|---|---|---|
1 |
Secure Remote Access |
Enables encrypted remote access to private networks over the |
public internet. |
||
2 |
Point-to-Point Tunneling |
Establishes secure tunnels between two endpoints using SSL/TLS. |
3 |
Static Key VPN |
Uses pre-shared static keys for encryption and authentication. |
4 |
Cross-Platform VPN |
Supports Linux, Windows, and macOS for secure connectivity. |
5 |
NAT Traversal |
Operates over UDP/TCP, allowing VPN traffic to pass through NAT devices. |
6 |
Lightweight Deployment |
Minimal dependencies and configuration for quick setup. |
7 |
Encrypted File Transfers |
Secures file transfers between remote systems using the VPN tunnel. |
8 |
Remote Shell Access |
Protects remote shell sessions (e.g., SSH) by routing them through |
the VPN. |
S.no |
Feature |
Description |
|---|---|---|
1 |
SSL/TLS Tunneling |
Uses OpenSSL to create secure VPN tunnels over TCP or UDP. |
2 |
Static Key Encryption |
Supports pre-shared static keys for encryption and authentication. |
3 |
Point-to-Point Mode |
Operates in a simple peer-to-peer configuration (no client-server |
model yet). |
||
4 |
TUN/TAP Interface Support |
Supports both TUN (IP-level) and TAP (Ethernet-level) virtual interfaces. |
5 |
Cross-Platform Compatibility |
Runs on Linux, Windows, and other Unix-like systems. |
6 |
Portability |
Designed to be lightweight and portable with minimal dependencies. |
7 |
Basic Configuration Files |
Uses simple text-based configuration files for setup. |
8 |
No Compression |
Compression (like LZO) was not yet implemented in version 1.0. |
9 |
No Client-Server Mode |
All peers were equal; client-server architecture came in later versions. |
10 |
OpenSSL Integration |
Relied on OpenSSL 0.9.6 for cryptographic functions. |
SSL/TLS Tunneling - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
VPN Client Start |
Launch OpenVPN client |
Client initializes |
2 |
VPN Server Start |
Launch OpenVPN server |
Server listens on configured port |
3 |
TLS Handshake Initiation |
Client initiates TLS handshake |
Server responds with certificate |
4 |
Certificate Validation |
Validate server certificate |
Certificate accepted |
5 |
Invalid Certificate |
Use expired/invalid cert |
Connection rejected |
6 |
Mutual TLS Authentication |
Use client and server certs |
Both sides authenticated |
7 |
TLS Version Compatibility |
Use supported TLS version |
Handshake succeeds |
8 |
TLS Version Mismatch |
Use unsupported TLS version |
Handshake fails |
9 |
Cipher Suite Negotiation |
Negotiate cipher suite |
Strongest common cipher selected |
10 |
Weak Cipher Rejection |
Use weak cipher |
Connection rejected |
11 |
VPN Tunnel Establishment |
Complete handshake and start tunnel |
Tunnel established |
12 |
Data Transfer Through Tunnel |
Send data over tunnel |
Data encrypted and delivered |
13 |
Tunnel Teardown |
Disconnect VPN |
Tunnel closed gracefully |
14 |
Reconnect After Drop |
Drop connection and reconnect |
Tunnel re-established |
15 |
UDP Transport Mode |
Use UDP for transport |
Tunnel established |
16 |
TCP Transport Mode |
Use TCP for transport |
Tunnel established |
17 |
NAT Traversal |
Connect behind NAT |
Tunnel established |
18 |
Firewall Traversal |
Connect through firewall |
Tunnel established |
19 |
Port Blocking |
Block OpenVPN port |
Connection fails |
20 |
Compression Enabled |
Enable LZO compression |
Data compressed |
21 |
Compression Disabled |
Disable compression |
Data uncompressed |
22 |
Keepalive Mechanism |
Enable keepalive |
Tunnel remains active |
23 |
TLS Renegotiation |
Trigger TLS renegotiation |
Tunnel remains secure |
24 |
Replay Protection |
Replay old packet |
Packet dropped |
25 |
Packet Fragmentation |
Send large packets |
Packets reassembled |
26 |
IPv4 Tunnel Test |
Use IPv4 for tunnel |
Tunnel established |
27 |
IPv6 Tunnel Test |
Use IPv6 for tunnel |
Tunnel established |
28 |
DNS Leak Test |
Check DNS resolution path |
No DNS leak |
29 |
Split Tunneling |
Route only specific traffic |
Only selected traffic tunneled |
30 |
Full Tunneling |
Route all traffic through VPN |
All traffic tunneled |
31 |
Authentication with Username/Pass |
Use credentials for auth |
Tunnel established |
32 |
Authentication Failure |
Use wrong credentials |
Connection rejected |
33 |
Static Key Mode |
Use static key instead of TLS |
Tunnel established |
34 |
TLS-Auth HMAC Test |
Use tls-auth key |
HMAC verified |
35 |
TLS-Crypt Test |
Use tls-crypt key |
Encrypted control channel |
36 |
Log File Generation |
Enable logging |
Logs created |
37 |
Verbosity Level Test |
Change log verbosity |
Logs reflect level |
38 |
VPN with Mobile Client |
Connect from mobile device |
Tunnel established |
39 |
VPN with Desktop Client |
Connect from desktop |
Tunnel established |
40 |
VPN with Virtual Machine |
Connect from VM |
Tunnel established |
41 |
VPN with Container |
Connect from container |
Tunnel established |
42 |
VPN with Roaming |
Roam between networks |
Tunnel persists |
43 |
VPN with Failover |
Failover to backup link |
Tunnel re-established |
44 |
VPN with Load Balancer |
Use load balancer |
Tunnel established |
45 |
VPN with Proxy |
Connect via HTTP/SOCKS proxy |
Tunnel established |
46 |
VPN with Monitoring Tools |
Monitor tunnel traffic |
Traffic visible |
47 |
VPN with IDS/IPS |
Detect VPN traffic |
Traffic detected |
48 |
VPN with ACLs |
Apply access control |
Unauthorized traffic blocked |
49 |
VPN with Policy Enforcement |
Apply routing/firewall policies |
Policies enforced |
50 |
VPN with Analytics |
Analyze VPN usage |
Metrics collected |
Static Key Encryption - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Static Key File Presence |
Check if static key file exists |
File found |
2 |
Static Key Format Validation |
Validate key file format |
Format correct |
3 |
Static Key Length Validation |
Check key length |
Length matches expected size |
4 |
Static Key Permissions |
Check file permissions |
Permissions are secure |
5 |
Static Key Encryption Enabled |
Enable static key encryption |
Tunnel established |
6 |
Static Key Encryption Disabled |
Disable static key encryption |
Tunnel fails or unencrypted |
7 |
Tunnel Establishment with Key |
Establish tunnel using static key |
Tunnel established |
8 |
Tunnel Establishment without Key |
Attempt tunnel without key |
Tunnel fails |
9 |
Key Mismatch Test |
Use mismatched keys on client/server |
Tunnel fails |
10 |
Key Rotation Test |
Replace static key and reconnect |
Tunnel re-established |
11 |
Key Corruption Test |
Corrupt key file |
Tunnel fails |
12 |
Key Replay Protection |
Replay encrypted packet |
Packet dropped |
13 |
Key with UDP Transport |
Use static key over UDP |
Tunnel established |
14 |
Key with TCP Transport |
Use static key over TCP |
Tunnel established |
15 |
Key with IPv4 |
Use static key over IPv4 |
Tunnel established |
16 |
Key with IPv6 |
Use static key over IPv6 |
Tunnel established |
17 |
Key with NAT Traversal |
Use static key behind NAT |
Tunnel established |
18 |
Key with Firewall Traversal |
Use static key through firewall |
Tunnel established |
19 |
Key with Compression |
Enable compression with static key |
Tunnel established |
20 |
Key with Fragmentation |
Send large packets |
Packets reassembled |
21 |
Key with Roaming |
Roam between networks |
Tunnel persists |
22 |
Key with Failover |
Failover to backup link |
Tunnel re-established |
23 |
Key with Load Balancer |
Use load balancer |
Tunnel established |
24 |
Key with Proxy |
Use proxy with static key |
Tunnel established |
25 |
Key with Mobile Client |
Connect from mobile device |
Tunnel established |
26 |
Key with Desktop Client |
Connect from desktop |
Tunnel established |
27 |
Key with Virtual Machine |
Connect from VM |
Tunnel established |
28 |
Key with Container |
Connect from container |
Tunnel established |
29 |
Key with DNS Leak Test |
Check DNS resolution path |
No DNS leak |
30 |
Key with Split Tunneling |
Route specific traffic |
Only selected traffic tunneled |
31 |
Key with Full Tunneling |
Route all traffic |
All traffic tunneled |
32 |
Key with Logging Enabled |
Enable logs |
Logs show encrypted session |
33 |
Key with Monitoring Tools |
Monitor encrypted traffic |
Traffic visible as encrypted |
34 |
Key with IDS/IPS |
Detect encrypted traffic |
Traffic detected |
35 |
Key with ACLs |
Apply access control |
Unauthorized traffic blocked |
36 |
Key with Policy Enforcement |
Apply routing/firewall policies |
Policies enforced |
37 |
Key with Replay Attack |
Replay old encrypted packet |
Packet dropped |
38 |
Key with Packet Loss |
Simulate packet loss |
Tunnel remains stable |
39 |
Key with Jitter |
Introduce jitter |
Tunnel remains stable |
40 |
Key with Delay |
Introduce delay |
Tunnel remains stable |
41 |
Key with Performance Benchmark |
Measure throughput and latency |
Metrics recorded |
42 |
Key with Encryption Validation |
Validate encryption using packet capture |
Data is encrypted |
43 |
Key with Static IP |
Use static IP address |
Tunnel established |
44 |
Key with Dynamic IP |
Use dynamic IP address |
Tunnel established |
45 |
Key with Port Forwarding |
Use port forwarding |
Tunnel established |
46 |
Key with Port Blocking |
Block VPN port |
Tunnel fails |
47 |
Key with Custom Port |
Use non-default port |
Tunnel established |
48 |
Key with TLS Disabled |
Use static key without TLS |
Tunnel established |
49 |
Key with TLS Enabled |
Use static key with TLS |
Tunnel established securely |
50 |
Key with Session Multiplexing |
Use multiple sessions over one tunnel |
Sessions isolated and encrypted |
Point-to-Point Mode - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Basic Tunnel Setup |
Establish point-to-point tunnel |
Tunnel established |
2 |
Peer-to-Peer Connection |
Connect two endpoints directly |
Connection successful |
3 |
IP Address Assignment |
Assign IPs to both ends |
IPs assigned correctly |
4 |
Static IP Configuration |
Use static IPs for both peers |
Tunnel established |
5 |
Dynamic IP Configuration |
Use dynamic IPs |
Tunnel established |
6 |
Authentication with Pre-shared Key |
Use PSK for authentication |
Tunnel established |
7 |
Authentication with Certificates |
Use certificates for authentication |
Tunnel established |
8 |
Authentication Failure |
Use invalid credentials |
Tunnel fails |
9 |
Encryption Enabled |
Enable encryption |
Data encrypted |
10 |
Encryption Disabled |
Disable encryption |
Data sent in plaintext |
11 |
Data Transfer Test |
Send data through tunnel |
Data delivered |
12 |
Tunnel Teardown |
Disconnect tunnel |
Tunnel closed gracefully |
13 |
Reconnect After Drop |
Drop and re-establish tunnel |
Tunnel re-established |
14 |
Keepalive Mechanism |
Enable keepalive |
Tunnel remains active |
15 |
NAT Traversal |
Connect behind NAT |
Tunnel established |
16 |
Firewall Traversal |
Connect through firewall |
Tunnel established |
17 |
Port Blocking |
Block tunnel port |
Tunnel fails |
18 |
IPv4 Support |
Use IPv4 for tunnel |
Tunnel established |
19 |
IPv6 Support |
Use IPv6 for tunnel |
Tunnel established |
20 |
MTU Size Test |
Vary MTU size |
Tunnel adapts or fragments |
21 |
Fragmentation Support |
Send large packets |
Packets reassembled |
22 |
Compression Enabled |
Enable compression |
Data compressed |
23 |
Compression Disabled |
Disable compression |
Data uncompressed |
24 |
Replay Protection |
Replay old packets |
Packets dropped |
25 |
Packet Loss Simulation |
Drop packets |
Tunnel remains stable |
26 |
Jitter Simulation |
Introduce jitter |
Tunnel remains stable |
27 |
Delay Simulation |
Introduce delay |
Tunnel remains stable |
28 |
Performance Benchmark |
Measure throughput and latency |
Metrics recorded |
29 |
Logging Enabled |
Enable logging |
Logs created |
30 |
Monitoring Enabled |
Monitor tunnel traffic |
Traffic visible |
31 |
ACL Enforcement |
Apply access control |
Unauthorized traffic blocked |
32 |
Policy Enforcement |
Apply routing/firewall policies |
Policies enforced |
33 |
DNS Leak Test |
Check DNS resolution path |
No DNS leak |
34 |
Split Tunneling |
Route specific traffic |
Only selected traffic tunneled |
35 |
Full Tunneling |
Route all traffic |
All traffic tunneled |
36 |
Mobile Client Support |
Connect from mobile device |
Tunnel established |
37 |
Desktop Client Support |
Connect from desktop |
Tunnel established |
38 |
VM Support |
Connect from virtual machine |
Tunnel established |
39 |
Container Support |
Connect from container |
Tunnel established |
40 |
Roaming Support |
Roam between networks |
Tunnel persists |
41 |
Failover Support |
Failover to backup link |
Tunnel re-established |
42 |
Load Balancer Compatibility |
Use load balancer |
Tunnel established |
43 |
Proxy Compatibility |
Use proxy |
Tunnel established |
44 |
Custom Port Configuration |
Use non-default port |
Tunnel established |
45 |
Port Forwarding |
Use port forwarding |
Tunnel established |
46 |
Session Multiplexing |
Attempt multiple sessions |
Only one session allowed |
47 |
Tunnel ID Assignment |
Assign unique tunnel ID |
ID assigned |
48 |
Session ID Assignment |
Assign unique session ID |
ID assigned |
49 |
Error Handling |
Send malformed packet |
Error logged |
50 |
Protocol Compatibility |
Use with different protocols (e.g., PPP, IP) |
Tunnel supports protocol |
TUN/TAP Interface Support - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
TUN Interface Creation |
Create a TUN interface |
Interface appears in system |
2 |
TAP Interface Creation |
Create a TAP interface |
Interface appears in system |
3 |
TUN Interface Configuration |
Assign IP to TUN interface |
IP assigned successfully |
4 |
TAP Interface Configuration |
Assign MAC/IP to TAP interface |
Configuration successful |
5 |
TUN Interface Packet Routing |
Route IP packets through TUN |
Packets routed correctly |
6 |
TAP Interface Frame Forwarding |
Forward Ethernet frames through TAP |
Frames forwarded correctly |
7 |
TUN Interface with IPv4 |
Use IPv4 over TUN |
Traffic delivered |
8 |
TUN Interface with IPv6 |
Use IPv6 over TUN |
Traffic delivered |
9 |
TAP Interface with Bridging |
Bridge TAP with physical NIC |
Bridge works correctly |
10 |
TUN Interface with NAT |
Use NAT with TUN |
Traffic translated correctly |
11 |
TAP Interface with NAT |
Use NAT with TAP |
Traffic translated correctly |
12 |
TUN Interface with Firewall |
Apply firewall rules |
Rules enforced |
13 |
TAP Interface with Firewall |
Apply firewall rules |
Rules enforced |
14 |
TUN Interface with VPN |
Use TUN in VPN tunnel |
Tunnel established |
15 |
TAP Interface with VPN |
Use TAP in VPN tunnel |
Tunnel established |
16 |
TUN Interface with Encryption |
Encrypt traffic over TUN |
Traffic encrypted |
17 |
TAP Interface with Encryption |
Encrypt traffic over TAP |
Traffic encrypted |
18 |
TUN Interface with Compression |
Enable compression |
Traffic compressed |
19 |
TAP Interface with Compression |
Enable compression |
Traffic compressed |
20 |
TUN Interface with MTU Test |
Vary MTU size |
Traffic adapts or fragments |
21 |
TAP Interface with MTU Test |
Vary MTU size |
Traffic adapts or fragments |
22 |
TUN Interface with Packet Loss |
Simulate packet loss |
Tunnel remains stable |
23 |
TAP Interface with Packet Loss |
Simulate packet loss |
Tunnel remains stable |
24 |
TUN Interface with Jitter |
Introduce jitter |
Tunnel remains stable |
25 |
TAP Interface with Jitter |
Introduce jitter |
Tunnel remains stable |
26 |
TUN Interface with Delay |
Introduce delay |
Tunnel remains stable |
27 |
TAP Interface with Delay |
Introduce delay |
Tunnel remains stable |
28 |
TUN Interface with Logging |
Enable logging |
Logs show TUN activity |
29 |
TAP Interface with Logging |
Enable logging |
Logs show TAP activity |
30 |
TUN Interface with Monitoring |
Monitor TUN traffic |
Traffic visible |
31 |
TAP Interface with Monitoring |
Monitor TAP traffic |
Traffic visible |
32 |
TUN Interface with ACLs |
Apply ACLs |
Unauthorized traffic blocked |
33 |
TAP Interface with ACLs |
Apply ACLs |
Unauthorized traffic blocked |
34 |
TUN Interface with Policy Routing |
Apply routing policies |
Policies enforced |
35 |
TAP Interface with Policy Routing |
Apply routing policies |
Policies enforced |
36 |
TUN Interface with Virtual Machine |
Use TUN in VM |
Tunnel works |
37 |
TAP Interface with Virtual Machine |
Use TAP in VM |
Tunnel works |
38 |
TUN Interface with Container |
Use TUN in container |
Tunnel works |
39 |
TAP Interface with Container |
Use TAP in container |
Tunnel works |
40 |
TUN Interface with Roaming |
Roam between networks |
Tunnel persists |
41 |
TAP Interface with Roaming |
Roam between networks |
Tunnel persists |
42 |
TUN Interface with Failover |
Failover to backup link |
Tunnel re-established |
43 |
TAP Interface with Failover |
Failover to backup link |
Tunnel re-established |
44 |
TUN Interface with Load Balancer |
Use load balancer |
Tunnel established |
45 |
TAP Interface with Load Balancer |
Use load balancer |
Tunnel established |
46 |
TUN Interface with Proxy |
Use proxy |
Tunnel established |
47 |
TAP Interface with Proxy |
Use proxy |
Tunnel established |
48 |
TUN Interface with Custom Routing |
Apply custom routes |
Routes applied |
49 |
TAP Interface with Bridged Network |
Bridge TAP to LAN |
LAN access granted |
50 |
TUN/TAP Interface Cleanup |
Remove interface |
Interface removed successfully |
Cross-Platform Compatibility - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Windows Client to Linux Server |
Connect from Windows to Linux VPN server |
Tunnel established |
2 |
Linux Client to Windows Server |
Connect from Linux to Windows VPN server |
Tunnel established |
3 |
macOS Client to Linux Server |
Connect from macOS to Linux VPN server |
Tunnel established |
4 |
Linux Client to macOS Server |
Connect from Linux to macOS VPN server |
Tunnel established |
5 |
Android Client to Linux Server |
Connect from Android device |
Tunnel established |
6 |
iOS Client to Linux Server |
Connect from iOS device |
Tunnel established |
7 |
Windows Client to macOS Server |
Connect from Windows to macOS VPN server |
Tunnel established |
8 |
macOS Client to Windows Server |
Connect from macOS to Windows VPN server |
Tunnel established |
9 |
Android Client to Windows Server |
Connect from Android to Windows VPN server |
Tunnel established |
10 |
iOS Client to Windows Server |
Connect from iOS to Windows VPN server |
Tunnel established |
11 |
Windows Client to Android Server |
Connect from Windows to Android-based VPN server |
Tunnel established |
12 |
Linux Client to Android Server |
Connect from Linux to Android-based VPN server |
Tunnel established |
13 |
iOS Client to macOS Server |
Connect from iOS to macOS VPN server |
Tunnel established |
14 |
Android Client to macOS Server |
Connect from Android to macOS VPN server |
Tunnel established |
15 |
Cross-Platform Certificate Auth |
Use same certificate on different OS |
Auth succeeds |
16 |
Cross-Platform PSK Auth |
Use pre-shared key on different OS |
Auth succeeds |
17 |
GUI Client on Windows |
Use GUI VPN client |
Tunnel established |
18 |
CLI Client on Linux |
Use command-line VPN client |
Tunnel established |
19 |
Mobile App on Android |
Use Android VPN app |
Tunnel established |
20 |
Mobile App on iOS |
Use iOS VPN app |
Tunnel established |
21 |
VPN with Windows Firewall |
Use VPN with Windows firewall enabled |
Tunnel established |
22 |
VPN with Linux iptables |
Use VPN with iptables configured |
Tunnel established |
23 |
VPN with macOS PF Firewall |
Use VPN with macOS firewall |
Tunnel established |
24 |
VPN with Android VPN API |
Use Android native VPN API |
Tunnel established |
25 |
VPN with iOS VPN Framework |
Use iOS VPN framework |
Tunnel established |
26 |
VPN with Docker Container |
Run VPN client in Docker |
Tunnel established |
27 |
VPN with VirtualBox VM |
Run VPN in VirtualBox |
Tunnel established |
28 |
VPN with VMware VM |
Run VPN in VMware |
Tunnel established |
29 |
VPN with WSL on Windows |
Use VPN in Windows Subsystem for Linux |
Tunnel established |
30 |
VPN with ARM-based Device |
Use VPN on Raspberry Pi or similar |
Tunnel established |
31 |
VPN with Intel-based Device |
Use VPN on Intel-based system |
Tunnel established |
32 |
VPN with M1/M2 Mac |
Use VPN on Apple Silicon |
Tunnel established |
33 |
VPN with Chromebook |
Use VPN on ChromeOS |
Tunnel established |
34 |
VPN with Smart TV (Android TV) |
Use VPN on Android TV |
Tunnel established |
35 |
VPN with Router Firmware |
Use VPN on OpenWRT/DD-WRT router |
Tunnel established |
36 |
VPN with IoT Device |
Use VPN on IoT device (e.g., camera) |
Tunnel established |
37 |
VPN with NAS Device |
Use VPN on Synology/QNAP NAS |
Tunnel established |
38 |
VPN with Gaming Console |
Use VPN via shared connection |
Console traffic tunneled |
39 |
VPN with USB Tethering |
Share VPN via USB tethering |
Tunnel works |
40 |
VPN with Hotspot Sharing |
Share VPN via Wi-Fi hotspot |
Tunnel works |
41 |
VPN with Dual Boot System |
Use VPN on both OSes |
Tunnel works on both |
42 |
VPN with Cross-Platform Config |
Use same config file across OSes |
Config loads successfully |
43 |
VPN with Cross-Platform Scripts |
Use platform-agnostic scripts |
Scripts execute correctly |
44 |
VPN with Cross-Platform Logging |
Check logs on different OSes |
Logs generated correctly |
45 |
VPN with Cross-Platform Updates |
Update VPN software on all platforms |
Updates applied successfully |
46 |
VPN with Cross-Platform Monitoring |
Monitor VPN from different OSes |
Monitoring works |
47 |
VPN with Cross-Platform Debugging |
Debug VPN issues across OSes |
Issues identified |
48 |
VPN with Cross-Platform UI |
Use consistent UI across platforms |
UI behaves similarly |
49 |
VPN with Cross-Platform Performance |
Measure performance on different OSes |
Comparable metrics |
50 |
VPN with Cross-Platform Security |
Validate security posture across OSes |
Security consistent |
Portability - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Install on Windows |
Install VPN client on Windows |
Installation successful |
2 |
Install on Linux |
Install VPN client on Linux |
Installation successful |
3 |
Install on macOS |
Install VPN client on macOS |
Installation successful |
4 |
Install on Android |
Install VPN app on Android |
App runs correctly |
5 |
Install on iOS |
Install VPN app on iOS |
App runs correctly |
6 |
Install on Raspberry Pi |
Install VPN on ARM-based device |
VPN runs successfully |
7 |
Install on Docker Container |
Deploy VPN in Docker |
Container runs VPN |
8 |
Install on Virtual Machine |
Deploy VPN in VM |
VPN runs successfully |
9 |
Install on Chromebook |
Install VPN on ChromeOS |
VPN runs successfully |
10 |
Install on Smart TV |
Install VPN on Android TV |
VPN runs successfully |
11 |
Install on NAS Device |
Install VPN on Synology/QNAP |
VPN runs successfully |
12 |
Install on Router Firmware |
Install VPN on OpenWRT/DD-WRT |
VPN runs successfully |
13 |
Install on Gaming Console |
Share VPN to console |
Console traffic tunneled |
14 |
Install via Package Manager |
Install using apt/yum/brew |
Package installs correctly |
15 |
Install via Binary |
Install using precompiled binary |
Binary runs successfully |
16 |
Install via Source Code |
Compile and install from source |
VPN runs successfully |
17 |
Config File Portability |
Use same config across platforms |
Config loads correctly |
18 |
Script Portability |
Use same script across platforms |
Script executes correctly |
19 |
UI Portability |
Use GUI across platforms |
UI behaves consistently |
20 |
CLI Portability |
Use CLI across platforms |
Commands execute correctly |
21 |
Log Format Portability |
Check log format across platforms |
Logs readable and consistent |
22 |
Certificate Portability |
Use same certs across platforms |
Certs validated |
23 |
Key File Portability |
Use same key files across platforms |
Keys accepted |
24 |
Portability with IPv4 |
Use IPv4 across platforms |
Traffic routed correctly |
25 |
Portability with IPv6 |
Use IPv6 across platforms |
Traffic routed correctly |
26 |
Portability with UDP |
Use UDP transport across platforms |
Tunnel established |
27 |
Portability with TCP |
Use TCP transport across platforms |
Tunnel established |
28 |
Portability with TLS |
Use TLS encryption across platforms |
Tunnel secured |
29 |
Portability with DTLS |
Use DTLS encryption across platforms |
Tunnel secured |
30 |
Portability with NAT |
Use NAT traversal across platforms |
Tunnel established |
31 |
Portability with Firewall |
Use firewall rules across platforms |
Tunnel allowed |
32 |
Portability with Proxy |
Use proxy across platforms |
Tunnel established |
33 |
Portability with Split Tunneling |
Configure split tunneling |
Traffic routed correctly |
34 |
Portability with Full Tunneling |
Configure full tunneling |
All traffic tunneled |
35 |
Portability with Roaming |
Roam between networks |
Tunnel persists |
36 |
Portability with Failover |
Failover to backup link |
Tunnel re-established |
37 |
Portability with Load Balancer |
Use load balancer |
Tunnel established |
38 |
Portability with Monitoring Tools |
Use monitoring tools across platforms |
Traffic visible |
39 |
Portability with Logging Tools |
Use logging tools across platforms |
Logs generated |
40 |
Portability with Performance Tools |
Use performance tools across platforms |
Metrics collected |
41 |
Portability with Security Tools |
Use security tools across platforms |
Traffic analyzed |
42 |
Portability with VPN Analytics |
Use analytics tools across platforms |
Insights generated |
43 |
Portability with ACLs |
Apply ACLs across platforms |
Access controlled |
44 |
Portability with Policy Enforcement |
Apply policies across platforms |
Policies enforced |
45 |
Portability with TUN Interface |
Use TUN interface across platforms |
Interface created |
46 |
Portability with TAP Interface |
Use TAP interface across platforms |
Interface created |
47 |
Portability with GUI Clients |
Use GUI clients across platforms |
GUI behaves consistently |
48 |
Portability with CLI Clients |
Use CLI clients across platforms |
CLI behaves consistently |
49 |
Portability with VPN Libraries |
Use VPN libraries in different environments |
Libraries function correctly |
50 |
Portability with VPN APIs |
Use VPN APIs across platforms |
APIs respond correctly |
Basic Configuration Files - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Config File Presence |
Check if config file exists |
File found |
2 |
Config File Format Validation |
Validate syntax and structure |
Format correct |
3 |
Config File Extension Check |
Verify file uses correct extension (e.g., .conf) |
Extension valid |
4 |
Config File Permissions |
Check file permissions |
Permissions secure |
5 |
Load Config File |
Load config into VPN client |
Config loaded successfully |
6 |
Invalid Config File |
Use malformed config |
Error reported |
7 |
Missing Required Fields |
Remove required fields |
Config rejected |
8 |
Optional Fields Handling |
Include optional fields |
Config accepted |
9 |
Config with Comments |
Add comments to config |
Comments ignored |
10 |
Config with Inline Comments |
Use inline comments |
Parsed correctly |
11 |
Config with Extra Whitespace |
Add extra spaces/tabs |
Parsed correctly |
12 |
Config with Environment Variables |
Use env vars in config |
Variables resolved |
13 |
Config with Includes |
Include external config files |
Included successfully |
14 |
Config with Paths |
Use absolute/relative paths |
Paths resolved correctly |
15 |
Config with IP Address |
Set local/remote IPs |
IPs applied |
16 |
Config with Port Number |
Set custom port |
Port used correctly |
17 |
Config with Protocol |
Set protocol (UDP/TCP) |
Protocol applied |
18 |
Config with Encryption Settings |
Set encryption options |
Settings applied |
19 |
Config with Authentication |
Set auth method (cert/PSK) |
Auth succeeds |
20 |
Config with Compression |
Enable/disable compression |
Setting applied |
21 |
Config with Keepalive |
Set keepalive options |
Tunnel remains active |
22 |
Config with DNS Options |
Set DNS servers |
DNS used correctly |
23 |
Config with Routing Rules |
Add static routes |
Routes applied |
24 |
Config with Split Tunneling |
Configure split tunneling |
Only selected traffic tunneled |
25 |
Config with Full Tunneling |
Route all traffic |
All traffic tunneled |
26 |
Config with Logging Options |
Set log level and file |
Logs generated |
27 |
Config with Debug Mode |
Enable debug mode |
Detailed logs created |
28 |
Config with Proxy Settings |
Set proxy options |
Proxy used |
29 |
Config with NAT Traversal |
Enable NAT-T |
Tunnel established |
30 |
Config with MTU Settings |
Set MTU size |
MTU applied |
31 |
Config with Fragmentation |
Enable fragmentation |
Packets reassembled |
32 |
Config with Replay Protection |
Enable replay protection |
Replays dropped |
33 |
Config with TLS Settings |
Set TLS version/ciphers |
TLS handshake succeeds |
34 |
Config with Static Key |
Use static key file |
Tunnel established |
35 |
Config with Certificate Paths |
Set cert/key file paths |
Files loaded |
36 |
Config with Username/Password |
Set credentials |
Auth succeeds |
37 |
Config with Interface Binding |
Bind to specific interface |
Interface used |
38 |
Config with IPv6 Support |
Enable IPv6 |
IPv6 traffic routed |
39 |
Config with IPv4 Support |
Enable IPv4 |
IPv4 traffic routed |
40 |
Config with TUN Interface |
Use TUN mode |
Interface created |
41 |
Config with TAP Interface |
Use TAP mode |
Interface created |
42 |
Config with Custom Scripts |
Run up/down scripts |
Scripts executed |
43 |
Config with Multiple Profiles |
Define multiple profiles |
Profiles selectable |
44 |
Config with Backup Server |
Set fallback server |
Fallback used on failure |
45 |
Config with Load Balancing |
Configure multiple servers |
Load distributed |
46 |
Config with Session Timeout |
Set session timeout |
Session ends as expected |
47 |
Config with Reconnect Options |
Enable auto-reconnect |
Tunnel re-established |
48 |
Config with Platform Portability |
Use same config on different OS |
Config works across platforms |
49 |
Config with Version Compatibility |
Use config with older/newer client |
Config parsed correctly |
50 |
Config Backup and Restore |
Backup and restore config file |
Settings restored |
No Compression - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Compression Disabled in Config |
Set compression to off in config |
Compression disabled |
2 |
Compression Option Not Present |
Omit compression option |
No compression applied |
3 |
Compression Explicitly Set to None |
Set compression to none |
No compression applied |
4 |
Compression Disabled by Default |
Use default config with no compression |
No compression applied |
5 |
Compression Flag Ignored |
Use unsupported compression flag |
Ignored or error shown |
6 |
Compression Disabled on Client |
Disable compression on client side |
No compression |
7 |
Compression Disabled on Server |
Disable compression on server side |
No compression |
8 |
Compression Mismatch |
Enable on one side, disable on other |
Tunnel fails or no compression |
9 |
Compression with Legacy Client |
Connect legacy client with no compression support |
Tunnel established |
10 |
Compression with Legacy Server |
Connect to legacy server with no compression support |
Tunnel established |
11 |
Compression with IPv4 |
Use IPv4 with no compression |
Data uncompressed |
12 |
Compression with IPv6 |
Use IPv6 with no compression |
Data uncompressed |
13 |
Compression with UDP |
Use UDP transport |
Data uncompressed |
14 |
Compression with TCP |
Use TCP transport |
Data uncompressed |
15 |
Compression with TLS |
Use TLS encryption |
Data uncompressed |
16 |
Compression with Static Key |
Use static key encryption |
Data uncompressed |
17 |
Compression with Certificate Auth |
Use cert-based auth |
Data uncompressed |
18 |
Compression with PSK Auth |
Use pre-shared key auth |
Data uncompressed |
19 |
Compression with NAT |
Use NAT traversal |
Data uncompressed |
20 |
Compression with Firewall |
Pass through firewall |
Data uncompressed |
21 |
Compression with Proxy |
Use proxy |
Data uncompressed |
22 |
Compression with Split Tunneling |
Route partial traffic |
Data uncompressed |
23 |
Compression with Full Tunneling |
Route all traffic |
Data uncompressed |
24 |
Compression with DNS Leak Test |
Check DNS resolution path |
No DNS leak |
25 |
Compression with Packet Loss |
Simulate packet loss |
Tunnel stable, no compression |
26 |
Compression with Jitter |
Introduce jitter |
Tunnel stable, no compression |
27 |
Compression with Delay |
Introduce delay |
Tunnel stable, no compression |
28 |
Compression with Logging Enabled |
Enable logs |
Logs show no compression |
29 |
Compression with Monitoring Tools |
Monitor traffic |
Data appears uncompressed |
30 |
Compression with IDS/IPS |
Analyze traffic |
Data visible to IDS/IPS |
31 |
Compression with ACLs |
Apply access control |
Rules enforced |
32 |
Compression with Policy Enforcement |
Apply routing/firewall policies |
Policies enforced |
33 |
Compression with Performance Test |
Measure throughput |
Raw data rate observed |
34 |
Compression with Large Files |
Transfer large files |
File size unchanged |
35 |
Compression with Small Packets |
Send small packets |
No compression applied |
36 |
Compression with VoIP |
Use VoIP over tunnel |
Voice quality unaffected |
37 |
Compression with Video Streaming |
Stream video |
Stream quality unaffected |
38 |
Compression with File Transfer |
Transfer files |
File integrity preserved |
39 |
Compression with Email |
Send/receive email |
Email content unchanged |
40 |
Compression with Web Browsing |
Browse websites |
Pages load normally |
41 |
Compression with SSH |
Use SSH over tunnel |
Session stable, no compression |
42 |
Compression with RDP |
Use Remote Desktop |
Session stable, no compression |
43 |
Compression with SMB |
Access shared folders |
File access normal |
44 |
Compression with FTP |
Transfer files via FTP |
Files uncompressed |
45 |
Compression with VPN Reconnect |
Reconnect after drop |
Compression remains disabled |
46 |
Compression with Failover |
Failover to backup link |
Compression remains disabled |
47 |
Compression with Roaming |
Roam between networks |
Compression remains disabled |
48 |
Compression with Load Balancer |
Use load balancer |
Compression remains disabled |
49 |
Compression with Custom Scripts |
Run up/down scripts |
Scripts execute, compression off |
50 |
Compression with Config Reload |
Reload config during session |
Compression remains disabled |
No Client-Server Mode - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Peer A Initiates Tunnel |
Peer A starts connection |
Tunnel established |
2 |
Peer B Initiates Tunnel |
Peer B starts connection |
Tunnel established |
3 |
Simultaneous Initiation |
Both peers initiate at once |
One tunnel established |
4 |
No Server Configuration |
No server IP configured |
Tunnel still works |
5 |
Static Peer IPs |
Use static IPs for both peers |
Tunnel established |
6 |
Dynamic Peer IPs |
Use dynamic IPs |
Tunnel established |
7 |
NAT Traversal |
Peers behind NAT |
Tunnel established |
8 |
Firewall Traversal |
Peers behind firewall |
Tunnel established |
9 |
Port Forwarding |
Use port forwarding |
Tunnel established |
10 |
No Central Authority |
No central server present |
Tunnel established |
11 |
Peer Authentication |
Use mutual authentication |
Peers authenticated |
12 |
Pre-shared Key Auth |
Use PSK for both peers |
Tunnel established |
13 |
Certificate-based Auth |
Use certificates on both peers |
Tunnel established |
14 |
Peer Role Symmetry |
Both peers have equal roles |
Tunnel functions bidirectionally |
15 |
Peer Role Switching |
Switch initiator/responder roles |
Tunnel still works |
16 |
Peer Discovery via Config |
Use static config for peer discovery |
Tunnel established |
17 |
Peer Discovery via Broadcast |
Use broadcast/multicast |
Peers discover each other |
18 |
Peer Discovery via DNS |
Use DNS to resolve peer |
Tunnel established |
19 |
Peer Discovery via mDNS |
Use mDNS for local discovery |
Tunnel established |
20 |
Peer Discovery Failure |
Peer not reachable |
Tunnel not established |
21 |
Peer Reconnect |
Peer reconnects after drop |
Tunnel re-established |
22 |
Peer Failover |
Switch to backup peer |
Tunnel re-established |
23 |
Peer Load Balancing |
Distribute traffic across peers |
Load balanced |
24 |
Peer-to-Peer Encryption |
Encrypt traffic between peers |
Data secured |
25 |
Peer-to-Peer Compression |
Compress traffic between peers |
Data compressed |
26 |
Peer-to-Peer Replay Protection |
Replay old packets |
Packets dropped |
27 |
Peer-to-Peer Logging |
Enable logs on both peers |
Logs generated |
28 |
Peer-to-Peer Monitoring |
Monitor traffic on both peers |
Traffic visible |
29 |
Peer-to-Peer ACLs |
Apply ACLs on both peers |
Access controlled |
30 |
Peer-to-Peer Policy Enforcement |
Apply policies on both peers |
Policies enforced |
31 |
Peer-to-Peer IPv4 |
Use IPv4 between peers |
Tunnel established |
32 |
Peer-to-Peer IPv6 |
Use IPv6 between peers |
Tunnel established |
33 |
Peer-to-Peer UDP |
Use UDP transport |
Tunnel established |
34 |
Peer-to-Peer TCP |
Use TCP transport |
Tunnel established |
35 |
Peer-to-Peer TLS |
Use TLS encryption |
Tunnel secured |
36 |
Peer-to-Peer DTLS |
Use DTLS encryption |
Tunnel secured |
37 |
Peer-to-Peer TUN Interface |
Use TUN interface |
Interface created |
38 |
Peer-to-Peer TAP Interface |
Use TAP interface |
Interface created |
39 |
Peer-to-Peer Routing |
Add static routes |
Traffic routed correctly |
40 |
Peer-to-Peer Bridging |
Bridge TAP interfaces |
LAN access granted |
41 |
Peer-to-Peer Roaming |
Roam between networks |
Tunnel persists |
42 |
Peer-to-Peer Failover |
Failover to backup link |
Tunnel re-established |
43 |
Peer-to-Peer Load Testing |
Send high traffic volume |
Tunnel remains stable |
44 |
Peer-to-Peer Performance Benchmark |
Measure latency and throughput |
Metrics recorded |
45 |
Peer-to-Peer Debugging |
Enable debug mode |
Detailed logs available |
46 |
Peer-to-Peer Config Portability |
Use same config on both peers |
Config works |
47 |
Peer-to-Peer Platform Independence |
Use different OS on each peer |
Tunnel established |
48 |
Peer-to-Peer Certificate Rotation |
Rotate certificates |
Tunnel re-established |
49 |
Peer-to-Peer Key Rotation |
Rotate PSK |
Tunnel re-established |
50 |
Peer-to-Peer Session Timeout |
Let session idle |
Tunnel times out |
OpenSSL Integration - Testcases
# |
Test Case |
Description |
Expected Result |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
OpenSSL Library Detection |
Check if OpenSSL is installed |
Library detected |
2 |
OpenSSL Version Compatibility |
Verify supported OpenSSL version |
Compatible version found |
3 |
OpenSSL Initialization |
Initialize OpenSSL context |
Initialization successful |
4 |
OpenSSL Cleanup |
Clean up OpenSSL context |
Cleanup successful |
5 |
TLS Handshake with OpenSSL |
Perform TLS handshake using OpenSSL |
Handshake successful |
6 |
Certificate Loading |
Load X.509 certificate |
Certificate loaded |
7 |
Private Key Loading |
Load private key |
Key loaded successfully |
8 |
Certificate Validation |
Validate peer certificate |
Certificate valid |
9 |
Invalid Certificate Handling |
Use expired/invalid certificate |
Connection rejected |
10 |
CA Bundle Verification |
Verify certificate chain |
Chain validated |
11 |
Cipher Suite Negotiation |
Negotiate cipher suite using OpenSSL |
Cipher selected |
12 |
Unsupported Cipher Handling |
Use unsupported cipher |
Connection fails |
13 |
TLS Version Negotiation |
Negotiate TLS version |
Version agreed |
14 |
TLS 1.3 Support |
Use TLS 1.3 |
Handshake successful |
15 |
TLS 1.2 Support |
Use TLS 1.2 |
Handshake successful |
16 |
TLS Downgrade Protection |
Attempt downgrade attack |
Attack blocked |
17 |
Session Resumption |
Resume TLS session |
Session resumed |
18 |
OpenSSL Error Handling |
Trigger OpenSSL error |
Error logged |
19 |
OpenSSL Logging |
Enable OpenSSL debug logs |
Logs generated |
20 |
OpenSSL with UDP |
Use OpenSSL with DTLS |
Secure tunnel established |
21 |
OpenSSL with TCP |
Use OpenSSL with TLS |
Secure tunnel established |
22 |
OpenSSL with IPv4 |
Use OpenSSL over IPv4 |
Tunnel secured |
23 |
OpenSSL with IPv6 |
Use OpenSSL over IPv6 |
Tunnel secured |
24 |
OpenSSL with NAT |
Use OpenSSL behind NAT |
Tunnel established |
25 |
OpenSSL with Firewall |
Use OpenSSL through firewall |
Tunnel established |
26 |
OpenSSL with Proxy |
Use OpenSSL through proxy |
Tunnel established |
27 |
OpenSSL with Certificate Revocation |
Check CRL/OCSP status |
Revoked cert rejected |
28 |
OpenSSL with Mutual TLS |
Use client and server certificates |
Both authenticated |
29 |
OpenSSL with PSK |
Use pre-shared key with OpenSSL |
Tunnel established |
30 |
OpenSSL with DH Key Exchange |
Use Diffie-Hellman |
Key exchange successful |
31 |
OpenSSL with ECDH Key Exchange |
Use Elliptic Curve DH |
Key exchange successful |
32 |
OpenSSL with RSA Key Exchange |
Use RSA for key exchange |
Key exchange successful |
33 |
OpenSSL with AES Encryption |
Use AES cipher |
Data encrypted |
34 |
OpenSSL with ChaCha20 |
Use ChaCha20 cipher |
Data encrypted |
35 |
OpenSSL with SHA-256 |
Use SHA-256 for integrity |
Hash verified |
36 |
OpenSSL with SHA-512 |
Use SHA-512 for integrity |
Hash verified |
37 |
OpenSSL with HMAC |
Use HMAC for message authentication |
HMAC verified |
38 |
OpenSSL with Compression Disabled |
Ensure compression is off |
No compression applied |
39 |
OpenSSL with Custom Cipher List |
Use custom cipher list |
Cipher selected from list |
40 |
OpenSSL with Certificate Pinning |
Pin server certificate |
Connection accepted only if matched |
41 |
OpenSSL with Session Timeout |
Let session idle |
Session times out |
42 |
OpenSSL with Session Renegotiation |
Trigger renegotiation |
Session renegotiated |
43 |
OpenSSL with Load Balancer |
Use OpenSSL behind load balancer |
Tunnel established |
44 |
OpenSSL with Roaming |
Roam between networks |
Tunnel persists |
45 |
OpenSSL with Failover |
Failover to backup server |
Tunnel re-established |
46 |
OpenSSL with Logging Tools |
Use external logging tools |
OpenSSL events logged |
47 |
OpenSSL with Monitoring Tools |
Monitor OpenSSL traffic |
Traffic visible |
48 |
OpenSSL with Performance Benchmark |
Measure handshake and throughput |
Metrics recorded |
49 |
OpenSSL with Platform Portability |
Use OpenSSL on different OS |
Tunnel established |
50 |
OpenSSL with Version Upgrade |
Upgrade OpenSSL version |
VPN still functions correctly |
Reference links