RTCP - Real-Time Control Protocol

What is RTCP?

RTCP, or Real-Time Control Protocol, is a companion protocol to RTP, standardized by the IETF. It is used to monitor transmission statistics and Quality of Service in real-time media streaming and conferencing applications.

Why RTCP is Useful?

Provides feedback on media delivery quality.

Supports synchronization between audio and video streams.

Enables participant identification and session controls.

Helps in network diagnostics and performance tuning.

Facilitates adaptive streaming decisions based on real-time metrics.

How it works?

RTP transmits media - Audio/video packets are sent using RTP.

RTCP packets are sent periodically - Clients and servers exchange control packets.

Reports are generated - RTCP includes sender and receiver reports with metrics.

Synchronization info is shared - RTCP helps align audio and video streams.

Session info is updated - RTCP includes source descriptions and participant data.

Where is RTCP used?

VoIP and video calls - Skype, Zoom, WhatsApp use RTCP for quality monitoring.

Streaming platforms - RTCP helps optimize delivery in live and on-demand services.

Video conferencing systems - RTCP supports multi-party session management.

WebRTC applications - RTCP is integral to browser-based real-time communication.

Surveillance and IP cameras - RTCP ensures reliable and synchronized video feeds.

Which OSI Layer Does RTCP Belong To?

RTCP operates at the Application Layer (Layer 7) of the OSI model because:

It provides control and feedback functions for RTP media streams, which are application-level tasks.

Uses UDP as the transport protocol but manages session-level concerns like QoS, synchronization, and participant information.

Facilitates real-time monitoring and adaptation, directly serving multimedia applications.

Learnings in this section

In this section, you are going to learn

Terminology

Terminology

Version Info

Version Info

RTCP Version&RFC Details

sno	RTCP Version	RFC / Standard	Core / Contribution	Year
1	RTCP v1 (Initial)	RFC 1889 RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications (includes RTCP)	Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, V. Jacobson	1996
2	RTCP v2 (Current)	RFC 3550 RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications (Obsoletes RFC 1889)	Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, V. Jacobson	2003
3	Extended Reports (XR)	RFC 3611 RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)	Friedman, R. Caceres, A. Clark	2003
4	Feedback Messages	RFC 4585 Extended RTP Profile for RTCP-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)	Ott, S. Wenger, N. Sato, C. Burmeister, J. Rey	2006
5	RTCP for Source Description	RFC 6051 Rapid Synchronisation of RTP Flows	Lennox, M. Westerlund	2010
6	RTCP Multiplexing	RFC 5761 Multiplexing RTP Data and Control Packets on a Single Port	Rosenberg, C. Perkins	2010
7	RTCP for Codec Control	RFC 5104 Codec Control Messages in AVPF	Ott, C. Bormann	2008
8	RTCP for Congestion Control	RFC 8888 RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Feedback for Congestion Control	Singh, M. Ramalho, et al.	2021

RTCP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

Setup

RTCP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6

Setup

RTCP Protocol Packet Details

Sender Report Packet

S.No	Protocol Packets	Description	Size(Bytes)
1	Sender Report (SR)	Sent by active senders to report transmission and reception stats	28 bytes + 24 bytes per report block
	Version/Padding/RC	Version (2 bits), Padding (1 bit), Report Count (5 bits)	1 byte
	Packet Type	200 (for SR)	1 byte
	Length	Packet length in 32-bit words minus one	2 bytes
	SSRC	Sender’s synchronization source identifier	4 bytes
	NTP Timestamp	Wall-clock time when report was sent	8 bytes
	RTP Timestamp	Corresponding RTP timestamp	4 bytes
	Sender’s Packet Count	Total RTP packets sent	4 bytes
	Sender’s Octet Count	Total RTP payload bytes sent	4 bytes
	Report Block(s)	Reception stats for other sources	24 bytes each

Receiver Report Packet

S.No	Protocol Packets	Description	Size(Bytes)
2	Receiver Report (RR)	Sent by receivers to report reception quality	8 bytes + 24 bytes per report block
	Version/Padding/RC	Same as SR	1 byte
	Packet Type	201 (for RR)	1 byte
	Length	Packet length	2 bytes
	SSRC	Receiver’s SSRC	4 bytes
	Report Block(s)	Reception stats for other sources	24 bytes each

Source Description Packet

S.No	Protocol Packets	Description	Size(Bytes)
3	Source Description (SDES)	Provides information about participants (e.g., name, email)	Variable
	Version/Padding/SC	Version, Padding, Source Count	1 byte
	Packet Type	202 (for SDES)	1 byte
	Length	Packet length	2 bytes
	SSRC	Source identifier	4 bytes
	SDES Items	CNAME, NAME, EMAIL, etc.	Variable
	End Marker	Indicates end of SDES items	1 byte (0)

Goodbye Packet

S.No	Protocol Packets	Description	Size(Bytes)
4	Goodbye (BYE)	Indicates end of participation in the session	8 bytes + optional reason
	Version/Padding/SC	Version, Padding, Source Count	1 byte
	Packet Type	203 (for BYE)	1 byte
	Length	Packet length	2 bytes
	SSRC(s)	List of sources leaving	4 bytes each
	Reason for Leaving (Optional)	Text string with length prefix	Variable

Application-Defined Packet

S.No	Protocol Packets	Description	Size(Bytes)
5	Application-Defined (APP)	Custom messages for experimental or proprietary use	Variable
	Version/Padding/Subtype	Version, Padding, Subtype	1 byte
	Packet Type	204 (for APP)	1 byte
	Length	Packet length	2 bytes
	SSRC	Source identifier	4 bytes
	Name	4-character ASCII name	4 bytes
	Application Data	Custom data	Variable

RTCP Usecases

sno	Use Case	Description
1	Quality Monitoring in VoIP	RTCP provides feedback on packet loss, jitter, and delay, helping maintain call quality in voice-over-IP systems.
2	Audio/Video Synchronization	RTCP helps synchronize media streams (e.g., audio and video) by sharing timing information.
3	Network Performance Diagnostics	RTCP reports help diagnose network issues affecting real-time media delivery.
4	Adaptive Bitrate Streaming	RTCP feedback allows media servers to adjust bitrate based on network conditions.
5	Participant Identification	RTCP SDES packets provide metadata like user name, email, and session ID for each participant.
6	Congestion Control	RTCP feedback is used to detect congestion and adjust transmission rates accordingly.
7	Session Management in Conferencing	RTCP helps manage multiple participants and their media streams in video conferencing systems.
8	Media Gateway Monitoring	RTCP is used in telecom infrastructure to monitor media flow between gateways.
9	WebRTC Applications	RTCP is integral to browser-based real-time communication for quality control and synchronization.
10	Streaming Analytics	RTCP data is used to generate analytics on stream performance and user experience.
11	Multicast Session Feedback	RTCP enables receivers in multicast sessions to report reception quality to the sender.
12	Security Monitoring	RTCP can help detect anomalies in media flow that may indicate security threats or tampering.
13	Live Event Broadcasting	RTCP ensures smooth delivery and synchronization of media during live events.
14	Smart Surveillance Systems	RTCP helps maintain video quality and timing in IP-based surveillance setups.
15	Remote Learning Platforms	RTCP supports stable and synchronized media delivery in virtual classrooms and webinars.

RTCP Basic Features

sno	Feature	Description
1	Quality Feedback	RTCP provides real-time feedback on network conditions such as packet loss, jitter, and delay.
2	Synchronization Support	Helps synchronize audio and video streams using NTP and RTP timestamps.
3	Sender and Receiver Reports	Includes detailed statistics about media transmission and reception.
4	Source Description (SDES)	Shares metadata like user name, email, and session ID for identification.
5	Session Control	RTCP BYE packets allow participants to signal the end of their session.
6	Scalability	Efficiently supports both small and large-scale multicast or unicast sessions.
7	Low Overhead	Designed to use a small fraction of the session bandwidth (typically 5%).
8	Congestion Control	RTCP feedback helps detect congestion and adjust media transmission rates.
9	Extensibility	Supports extended reports (XR) and application-defined (APP) packets for custom use cases.
10	Security Support	Can be used with Secure RTP (SRTP) to ensure encrypted and authenticated control messages.
11	Interoperability	Works seamlessly with RTP and is supported in VoIP, WebRTC, and streaming systems.
12	Multicast and Unicast Support	Functions in both point-to-point and group communication environments.
13	Periodic Reporting	Sends control packets at regular intervals to maintain session awareness.
14	Codec and Media Adaptation	Enables dynamic adaptation of codecs and media parameters based on feedback.
15	Application-Level Integration	Can be extended for analytics, diagnostics, and custom control logic in applications.

RTCP Feature : Quality Feedback

Quality Feedback - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Packet Loss Report	Send packet loss info	Receiver interprets correctly
2	Jitter Report	Send jitter value	Receiver adjusts playback
3	Round Trip Time Report	Send RTT info	Sender adjusts timing
4	Extended Report Block	Include XR block	Receiver parses XR block
5	Delay Since Last SR	Include DLSR field	Sender calculates delay
6	Receiver Report (RR)	Send RR packet	Sender receives and logs
7	Sender Report (SR)	Send SR packet	Receiver syncs with NTP
8	Report Interval Accuracy	Send reports at intervals	Receiver receives timely
9	Feedback on Frame Loss	Report frame loss	Sender adjusts bitrate
10	Feedback on Frame Delay	Report frame delay	Sender adjusts buffering
11	Feedback on Frame Jitter	Report jitter spikes	Sender smooths stream
12	Feedback on Congestion	Report congestion	Sender reduces rate
13	Feedback on Bandwidth	Report available bandwidth	Sender adapts bitrate
14	Feedback on Latency	Report high latency	Sender adjusts buffering
15	Feedback on Packet Duplication	Report duplicates	Sender adjusts transmission
16	Feedback on Packet Reordering	Report reordering	Sender reorders packets
17	Feedback on Packet Corruption	Report corrupted packets	Sender retransmits
18	Feedback on Buffer Underrun	Report underrun	Sender increases buffer
19	Feedback on Buffer Overrun	Report overrun	Sender reduces rate
20	Feedback on Sync Loss	Report sync issues	Sender resyncs
21	Feedback on Clock Drift	Report drift	Sender adjusts clock
22	Feedback on Codec Mismatch	Report codec issue	Sender renegotiates codec
23	Feedback on Resolution Change	Report resolution switch	Receiver adapts display
24	Feedback on Frame Rate Drop	Report FPS drop	Sender adjusts frame rate
25	Feedback on Audio/Video Sync	Report A/V sync issue	Sender realigns streams
26	Feedback on Silence Period	Report long silence	Sender checks audio
27	Feedback on Echo	Report echo detected	Sender adjusts echo cancel
28	Feedback on Noise	Report background noise	Sender applies filters
29	Feedback on Volume Level	Report low/high volume	Sender adjusts gain
30	Feedback on Bitrate Change	Report bitrate switch	Receiver adapts buffer
31	Feedback on Encryption Error	Report decryption failure	Sender rekeys
32	Feedback on Authentication Error	Report auth failure	Sender reauthenticates
33	Feedback on Stream Termination	Report unexpected end	Sender logs and alerts
34	Feedback on Stream Start Delay	Report startup lag	Sender pre-buffers
35	Feedback on Stream Resume	Report resume success	Sender resumes stream
36	Feedback on Stream Pause	Report pause success	Sender pauses stream
37	Feedback on Stream Seek	Report seek success	Sender seeks to position
38	Feedback on Stream Loop	Report loop detected	Sender adjusts playback
39	Feedback on Stream Freeze	Report freeze	Sender restarts stream
40	Feedback on Stream Quality	Report subjective quality	Sender adjusts encoding
41	Feedback on Stream Artifacts	Report visual artifacts	Sender adjusts compression
42	Feedback on Stream Drop	Report stream drop	Sender reconnects
43	Feedback on Stream Recovery	Report recovery success	Sender resumes normal
44	Feedback on Stream Switching	Report stream switch	Receiver adapts
45	Feedback on Multicast Join	Report join success	Sender starts multicast
46	Feedback on Multicast Leave	Report leave success	Sender stops multicast
47	Feedback on NAT Traversal	Report NAT issue	Sender adjusts STUN/TURN
48	Feedback on Firewall Block	Report blocked stream	Sender retries via proxy
49	Feedback on QoS Violation	Report QoS drop	Sender adjusts priority
50	Feedback on Session Summary	Send session stats	Receiver logs and displays

RTCP Feature : Synchronization Support

Synchronization Support - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	NTP Timestamp Accuracy	Validate NTP timestamp in SR	Receiver syncs with correct time
2	RTP Timestamp Mapping	Map RTP to NTP timestamp	Receiver aligns media correctly
3	Sender Report Sync	Send SR with sync info	Receiver adjusts playback clock
4	Receiver Report Delay	Measure delay from RR	Sender adjusts timing
5	Clock Drift Detection	Detect drift between sender/receiver	Sync correction applied
6	Sync After Network Jitter	Handle jitter in sync	Playback remains smooth
7	Sync After Packet Loss	Maintain sync despite loss	Playback stays aligned
8	Sync After Reordering	Handle out-of-order packets	Correct playback order
9	Sync After Pause/Resume	Maintain sync after pause	Playback resumes in sync
10	Sync After Seek	Maintain sync after seek	Audio/video aligned
11	Sync After Fast Forward	Maintain sync at high speed	No desync observed
12	Sync After Rewind	Maintain sync during rewind	Playback stays aligned
13	Sync with Multiple Streams	Sync audio and video streams	Streams play in sync
14	Sync with Multicast	Maintain sync in multicast	All clients in sync
15	Sync with Unicast	Maintain sync in unicast	Playback aligned
16	Sync with Mixed Codecs	Sync streams with different codecs	Playback aligned
17	Sync with Different Bitrates	Sync streams with varying bitrates	No drift observed
18	Sync with Adaptive Bitrate	Maintain sync during bitrate switch	Playback remains smooth
19	Sync with Frame Drops	Handle dropped frames	Playback stays in sync
20	Sync with Buffering	Maintain sync during buffering	No A/V drift
21	Sync with Network Delay	Adjust for network delay	Playback aligned
22	Sync with Time Offset	Handle time offset in SR	Receiver corrects offset
23	Sync with Clock Reset	Handle sender clock reset	Receiver re-syncs
24	Sync with Time Zone Change	Handle time zone shift	Playback unaffected
25	Sync with Leap Seconds	Handle leap second in NTP	No sync error
26	Sync with Mobile Network	Maintain sync on mobile	Playback aligned
27	Sync with Wi-Fi Handoff	Maintain sync during handoff	No playback glitch
28	Sync with VPN	Maintain sync over VPN	Playback aligned
29	Sync with NAT	Maintain sync behind NAT	No drift observed
30	Sync with Firewall	Maintain sync through firewall	Playback unaffected
31	Sync with Encryption	Maintain sync with SRTP	Playback aligned
32	Sync with Packet Duplication	Handle duplicate packets	No sync error
33	Sync with Packet Fragmentation	Handle fragmented packets	Playback stays in sync
34	Sync with RTCP XR	Use extended reports for sync	Improved accuracy
35	Sync with RTCP APP	Use application-defined sync	Custom sync applied
36	Sync with RTCP BYE	Handle BYE packet gracefully	Sync ends cleanly
37	Sync with RTCP SDES	Use SDES for stream ID	Correct stream sync
38	Sync with RTCP Feedback	Use feedback for sync correction	Playback adjusted
39	Sync with Clock Skew	Detect and correct skew	Playback aligned
40	Sync with Audio Delay	Compensate audio delay	A/V in sync
41	Sync with Video Delay	Compensate video delay	A/V in sync
42	Sync with External Clock	Use external clock source	Accurate sync
43	Sync with GPS Time	Use GPS for NTP sync	High precision
44	Sync with PTP	Use Precision Time Protocol	Microsecond accuracy
45	Sync with Cloud Server	Maintain sync via cloud	Playback aligned
46	Sync with Edge Server	Maintain sync at edge	Low-latency sync
47	Sync with CDN	Maintain sync across CDN nodes	Consistent playback
48	Sync with IoT Devices	Sync media on IoT endpoints	Playback aligned
49	Sync with VR Streams	Maintain sync in VR	Immersive experience
50	Sync with 360 Video	Maintain sync in panoramic video	Seamless playback

RTCP Feature : Sender and Receiver Reports

Sender and Receiver Reports - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Send Sender Report	Generate and send SR	Receiver receives SR
2	Send Receiver Report	Generate and send RR	Sender receives RR
3	Validate NTP Timestamp	Check NTP timestamp in SR	Timestamp is accurate
4	Validate RTP Timestamp	Check RTP timestamp in SR	Timestamp matches media
5	Validate Packet Count	Check packet count in SR	Count matches sent packets
6	Validate Octet Count	Check octet count in SR	Count matches bytes sent
7	Validate SSRC in SR	Check SSRC field in SR	Matches sender SSRC
8	Validate SSRC in RR	Check SSRC field in RR	Matches receiver SSRC
9	Validate Fraction Lost	Check fraction lost in RR	Value is accurate
10	Validate Cumulative Lost	Check cumulative lost in RR	Value is correct
11	Validate Highest Seq Num	Check highest sequence number	Matches last received
12	Validate Jitter	Check interarrival jitter	Value is within expected range
13	Validate LSR	Check Last SR timestamp in RR	Matches last SR
14	Validate DLSR	Check delay since last SR	Value is accurate
15	SR Interval Timing	Send SR at regular intervals	Receiver receives timely
16	RR Interval Timing	Send RR at regular intervals	Sender receives timely
17	SR with No Media	Send SR without media	Receiver handles gracefully
18	RR with No SR	Send RR before SR	Sender handles gracefully
19	SR with Invalid SSRC	Send SR with wrong SSRC	Receiver discards SR
20	RR with Invalid SSRC	Send RR with wrong SSRC	Sender discards RR
21	SR with Future Timestamp	Send SR with future NTP	Receiver flags error
22	RR with Negative Delay	Send RR with invalid DLSR	Sender ignores
23	SR with Zero Packet Count	Send SR with 0 packets	Receiver accepts
24	RR with Zero Loss	Send RR with no loss	Sender logs 0% loss
25	SR with High Jitter	Send SR with high jitter	Receiver adjusts playback
26	RR with High Loss	Send RR with high loss	Sender reduces bitrate
27	SR with Duplicate SSRC	Send SR with duplicate SSRC	Receiver handles conflict
28	RR with Duplicate SSRC	Send RR with duplicate SSRC	Sender handles conflict
29	SR with Invalid Format	Send malformed SR	Receiver discards
30	RR with Invalid Format	Send malformed RR	Sender discards
31	SR with Encryption	Send encrypted SR	Receiver decrypts successfully
32	RR with Encryption	Send encrypted RR	Sender decrypts successfully
33	SR with Delay	Introduce delay in SR	Receiver adjusts sync
34	RR with Delay	Introduce delay in RR	Sender adjusts sync
35	SR with Packet Loss	Simulate packet loss	Receiver handles missing SR
36	RR with Packet Loss	Simulate packet loss	Sender handles missing RR
37	SR with Reordering	Send out-of-order SR	Receiver reorders correctly
38	RR with Reordering	Send out-of-order RR	Sender reorders correctly
39	SR with Multicast	Send SR in multicast	All receivers get SR
40	RR with Multicast	Send RR in multicast	Sender receives all RRs
41	SR with Unicast	Send SR in unicast	Receiver gets SR
42	RR with Unicast	Send RR in unicast	Sender gets RR
43	SR with NAT	Send SR behind NAT	Receiver receives correctly
44	RR with NAT	Send RR behind NAT	Sender receives correctly
45	SR with Firewall	Send SR through firewall	Receiver receives
46	RR with Firewall	Send RR through firewall	Sender receives
47	SR with Clock Drift	Simulate clock drift	Receiver adjusts sync
48	RR with Clock Drift	Simulate clock drift	Sender adjusts sync
49	SR with Time Sync	Use external clock for SR	Receiver syncs accurately
50	RR with Time Sync	Use external clock for RR	Sender syncs accurately

RTCP Feature : Source Description

Source Description - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Send SDES Packet

Send a valid SDES packet

Receiver parses SDES correctly

2

Include CNAME

Include canonical name in SDES

Receiver identifies source

3

Include NAME

Include user name in SDES

Receiver displays name

4

Include EMAIL

Include email address

Receiver logs email

5

Include PHONE

Include phone number

Receiver logs phone

6

Include LOC

Include location info

Receiver logs location

7

Include TOOL

Include tool name

Receiver logs tool info

8

Include NOTE

Include session note

Receiver displays note

9

Include PRIV

Include private extension

Receiver handles PRIV correctly

10

Multiple SDES Items

Send multiple SDES items

All items parsed correctly

11

SDES with Invalid CNAME

Send malformed CNAME

Receiver discards or flags

12

SDES with Empty Fields

Send empty SDES fields

Receiver ignores empty fields

13

SDES with Long CNAME

Send CNAME > 255 chars

Receiver truncates or errors

14

SDES with Special Characters

Include special chars

Receiver handles encoding

15

SDES with Unicode

Include Unicode characters

Receiver decodes properly

16

SDES with Duplicate SSRC

Send SDES with same SSRC

Receiver handles conflict

17

SDES with Invalid SSRC

Send SDES with unknown SSRC

Receiver discards

18

SDES with No CNAME

Omit CNAME field

Receiver flags missing ID

19

SDES with Only CNAME

Send only CNAME

Receiver accepts minimal SDES

20

SDES with All Fields

Send all standard fields

Receiver logs all

21

SDES Packet Interval

Send SDES periodically

Receiver updates info

22

SDES on Session Start

Send SDES at session start

Receiver logs source info

23

SDES on Session End

Send SDES before BYE

Receiver updates logs

24

SDES with Encryption

Send encrypted SDES

Receiver decrypts successfully

25

SDES with Compression

Send compressed SDES

Receiver decompresses

26

SDES with Invalid Format

Send malformed packet

Receiver discards

27

SDES with Truncated Field

Send incomplete field

Receiver handles gracefully

28

SDES with Extra Fields

Add non-standard fields

Receiver ignores or logs

29

SDES with PRIV Extension

Use custom PRIV tag

Receiver parses extension

30

SDES with Multiple PRIV

Send multiple PRIV items

Receiver handles all

31

SDES with Invalid PRIV

Send malformed PRIV

Receiver discards extension

32

SDES with Mixed Case Tags

Use mixed case field names

Receiver parses correctly

33

SDES with Null Characters

Include null bytes

Receiver handles safely

34

SDES with Binary Data

Include binary in PRIV

Receiver handles or rejects

35

SDES with Delayed Arrival

Delay SDES packet

Receiver updates late

36

SDES with Packet Loss

Simulate SDES loss

Receiver uses last known info

37

SDES with Reordered Packets

Send out-of-order SDES

Receiver reorders correctly

38

SDES with Multicast

Send SDES in multicast

All receivers parse info

39

SDES with Unicast

Send SDES in unicast

Receiver logs info

40

SDES with NAT

Send SDES behind NAT

Receiver identifies source

41

SDES with Firewall

Send SDES through firewall

Receiver receives correctly

42

SDES with SRTP

Send SDES over secure RTP

Receiver decrypts and parses

43

SDES with High Frequency

Send SDES too often

Receiver handles rate

44

SDES with Low Frequency

Send SDES infrequently

Receiver maintains last info

45

SDES with Session Join

New participant sends SDES

Receiver logs new source

46

SDES with Session Leave

Participant sends BYE

Receiver removes source info

47

SDES with Session Rename

Change NAME field mid-session

Receiver updates display

48

SDES with Tool Change

Change TOOL field

Receiver logs new tool

49

SDES with Location Update

Change LOC field

Receiver updates location

50

SDES with Note Update

Change NOTE field

Receiver displays new note

RTCP Feature : Session Control

Session Control - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Session Start Notification	Notify participants of session start	All participants receive notification
2	Session End Notification	Notify participants of session end	All participants receive BYE
3	Send BYE Packet	Send BYE to leave session	Other participants update session state
4	Receive BYE Packet	Receive BYE from peer	Session state updated
5	BYE with Reason	Send BYE with reason text	Receiver logs reason
6	BYE without Reason	Send BYE without reason	Receiver handles gracefully
7	BYE with Invalid Format	Send malformed BYE	Receiver discards packet
8	BYE with Unknown SSRC	Send BYE from unknown source	Receiver ignores
9	Session Timeout	Simulate session timeout	Session ends automatically
10	Session Join	New participant joins session	All participants update list
11	Session Leave	Participant leaves session	Others update participant list
12	Session Pause	Pause session temporarily	Media flow stops
13	Session Resume	Resume paused session	Media flow resumes
14	Session Restart	Restart session after end	New session ID generated
15	Session ID Collision	Two participants with same ID	Conflict resolved
16	Session Control via SDES	Use SDES NOTE for control	Participants interpret note
17	Session Control via APP	Use APP packet for control	Custom logic executed
18	Session Control via Feedback	Use RTCP feedback for control	Sender adjusts behavior
19	Session Control with Encryption	Encrypted control packets	Decrypted and processed
20	Session Control with NAT	Control behind NAT	Session maintained
21	Session Control with Firewall	Control through firewall	Session maintained
22	Session Control with SRTP	Secure session control	Packets authenticated
23	Session Control with Multicast	Control in multicast session	All receivers update state
24	Session Control with Unicast	Control in unicast session	Peer updates state
25	Session Control with Delay	Delayed control packets	Session state updated late
26	Session Control with Packet Loss	Lost control packets	Session recovers
27	Session Control with Reordering	Out-of-order control packets	Session state consistent
28	Session Control with Clock Drift	Drift in timing	Session sync maintained
29	Session Control with Time Sync	Use NTP for control timing	Accurate session timing
30	Session Control with Logging	Log control events	Logs updated correctly
31	Session Control with Monitoring	Monitor session state	Real-time updates shown
32	Session Control with Analytics	Analyze session control data	Insights generated
33	Session Control with QoS	Adjust session based on QoS	Quality maintained
34	Session Control with Congestion	Control session under congestion	Bitrate adjusted
35	Session Control with Feedback Loop	Use feedback for control	Adaptive session behavior
36	Session Control with Join Delay	Delay in joining session	Session still valid
37	Session Control with Leave Delay	Delay in leaving session	Session ends gracefully
38	Session Control with Multiple Streams	Control multiple media streams	All streams managed
39	Session Control with Stream Switching	Switch between streams	Session remains active
40	Session Control with Stream Pause	Pause individual stream	Other streams unaffected
41	Session Control with Stream Resume	Resume paused stream	Stream continues
42	Session Control with Stream Termination	Terminate one stream	Session continues
43	Session Control with User Feedback	Use user input for control	Session adapts
44	Session Control with Admin Override	Admin ends session	All participants notified
45	Session Control with Session Migration	Move session to new server	Participants reconnect
46	Session Control with Session Duplication	Duplicate session for backup	Both sessions active
47	Session Control with Session Merge	Merge two sessions	Unified session created
48	Session Control with Session Split	Split session into two	Participants reassigned
49	Session Control with Session Handoff	Handoff session to new host	Seamless transition
50	Session Control with Session Expiry	Session expires after timeout	All participants disconnected

RTCP Feature : Scalability

Scalability - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Single Participant Session	Test RTCP with 1 participant	Session runs smoothly
2	Small Group Session	Test RTCP with 5 participants	All reports exchanged correctly
3	Medium Group Session	Test RTCP with 50 participants	No packet loss or delay
4	Large Group Session	Test RTCP with 500 participants	Control traffic remains stable
5	Very Large Group Session	Test RTCP with 1000+ participants	RTCP bandwidth adapts
6	Dynamic Join/Leave	Participants join/leave rapidly	RTCP adapts without disruption
7	RTCP Bandwidth Control	Check RTCP bandwidth scaling	Bandwidth stays within limits
8	Sender/Receiver Ratio	Vary sender/receiver ratio	RTCP handles load correctly
9	Multicast Scalability	Test RTCP in multicast	All receivers get control info
10	Unicast Scalability	Test RTCP in unicast	Control traffic remains efficient
11	Hierarchical Aggregation	Use hierarchical RTCP	Aggregation reduces load
12	Feedback Suppression	Suppress redundant feedback	Bandwidth optimized
13	Reduced Report Frequency	Lower report frequency	Control info still accurate
14	Randomized Reporting	Use random intervals	Avoids report collision
15	Scalable Feedback Timing	Adjust timing with group size	Reports spread evenly
16	Scalable BYE Handling	Handle mass BYE messages	Session ends cleanly
17	Scalable SDES Handling	Handle many SDES packets	All sources identified
18	Scalable SR Handling	Handle many sender reports	No congestion
19	Scalable RR Handling	Handle many receiver reports	Reports processed correctly
20	Scalable XR Handling	Handle extended reports	No performance drop
21	Scalable APP Packet Handling	Handle many APP packets	Custom logic executes
22	Scalable NAT Traversal	Handle many NAT clients	Session remains stable
23	Scalable Firewall Traversal	Handle many firewalled clients	RTCP packets pass through
24	Scalable Encryption	Encrypt RTCP at scale	All packets decrypted
25	Scalable Session Control	Manage large session control	All participants updated
26	Scalable Clock Sync	Sync clocks in large group	All participants aligned
27	Scalable Congestion Control	Adjust to network load	No packet loss
28	Scalable QoS Feedback	Collect QoS from many clients	Sender adapts quality
29	Scalable Packet Loss Reporting	Report loss from many clients	Sender adjusts bitrate
30	Scalable Jitter Reporting	Report jitter from many clients	Sender smooths stream
31	Scalable Delay Reporting	Report delay from many clients	Sender adjusts buffering
32	Scalable Feedback Aggregation	Aggregate feedback upstream	Reduces control traffic
33	Scalable Multistream Support	Handle multiple media streams	All streams synchronized
34	Scalable Codec Adaptation	Adapt codec based on feedback	Quality maintained
35	Scalable Bitrate Adaptation	Adjust bitrate dynamically	Stream remains smooth
36	Scalable Session Migration	Migrate large session	All clients reconnect
37	Scalable Session Duplication	Duplicate session for load	Both sessions active
38	Scalable Session Merge	Merge large sessions	Unified control maintained
39	Scalable Session Split	Split session into subgroups	Control traffic reduced
40	Scalable Session Monitoring	Monitor large session	Real-time stats available
41	Scalable Logging	Log RTCP from many clients	Logs complete and accurate
42	Scalable Analytics	Analyze RTCP at scale	Insights generated
43	Scalable Error Handling	Handle errors in large group	Session remains stable
44	Scalable Join Latency	Measure join time at scale	Acceptable latency
45	Scalable Leave Latency	Measure leave time at scale	Session updates quickly
46	Scalable Feedback Delay	Measure feedback delay	Within acceptable range
47	Scalable Packet Size	Handle large RTCP packets	No fragmentation issues
48	Scalable Packet Rate	Handle high RTCP rate	No congestion
49	Scalable Interoperability	Test with mixed clients	All clients communicate
50	Scalable Resource Usage	Monitor CPU/memory usage	Within system limits

RTCP Feature : Low Overhead

Low Overhead - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Minimal RTCP Packet Size	Send smallest valid RTCP packet	Packet is accepted and processed
2	Reduced Report Frequency	Lower report frequency	Bandwidth usage decreases
3	Compact SDES Packet	Send SDES with only CNAME	Minimal overhead maintained
4	No Redundant Fields	Avoid unnecessary fields	Packet size remains small
5	Efficient Header Usage	Use compact headers	Header overhead minimized
6	Aggregated Reports	Combine multiple reports	Fewer packets transmitted
7	Suppressed Feedback	Suppress duplicate feedback	Bandwidth conserved
8	Randomized Reporting	Spread report timing	Avoids traffic spikes
9	Adaptive Report Timing	Adjust report interval dynamically	Maintains low overhead
10	Minimal BYE Packet	Send BYE with no reason	Smallest possible BYE
11	Minimal APP Packet	Send minimal APP packet	Custom logic with low overhead
12	Minimal XR Packet	Send minimal extended report	Overhead remains low
13	Efficient Encoding	Use efficient field encoding	Packet size optimized
14	Avoid Fragmentation	Keep packets under MTU	No IP fragmentation
15	Use of Compound Packets	Combine RTCP types	Fewer packets sent
16	Low Bitrate Adaptation	Adjust RTCP for low bitrate	Control traffic remains efficient
17	Low Bandwidth Network	Operate on constrained network	RTCP adapts to limits
18	Mobile Network Efficiency	Test on mobile data	RTCP remains lightweight
19	Wi-Fi Network Efficiency	Test on Wi-Fi	RTCP traffic minimal
20	Satellite Link Efficiency	Test on high-latency link	RTCP adapts to constraints
21	RTCP Bandwidth Fraction	Keep RTCP under 5% of RTP	Bandwidth usage verified
22	RTCP Interval Scaling	Scale interval with group size	Overhead remains constant
23	Efficient Multicast Reporting	Use multicast for reports	Reduces duplicate traffic
24	Efficient Unicast Reporting	Use unicast for minimal clients	Bandwidth optimized
25	Efficient NAT Traversal	Minimize NAT keep-alive	Low control traffic
26	Efficient Firewall Traversal	Avoid excessive signaling	RTCP passes through easily
27	Efficient Encryption	Encrypt with minimal overhead	Secure and lightweight
28	Efficient Compression	Compress RTCP packets	Smaller packet size
29	Efficient Parsing	Fast parsing of small packets	Low CPU usage
30	Efficient Logging	Log only essential RTCP data	Storage usage minimized
31	Efficient Monitoring	Monitor with minimal probes	Low impact on network
32	Efficient Session Join	Join session with minimal RTCP	Fast and lightweight
33	Efficient Session Leave	Leave session with minimal BYE	Quick and clean exit
34	Efficient Clock Sync	Sync with minimal SR packets	Accurate with low traffic
35	Efficient Feedback Loop	Use minimal feedback	Adaptive and efficient
36	Efficient Congestion Control	Adjust without flooding	RTCP adapts smoothly
37	Efficient QoS Reporting	Report only key metrics	Bandwidth preserved
38	Efficient Packet Loss Reporting	Report only significant loss	Avoids unnecessary traffic
39	Efficient Jitter Reporting	Report jitter only when needed	Reduces control load
40	Efficient Delay Reporting	Report delay changes only	Avoids redundant data
41	Efficient Session Control	Control session with minimal RTCP	Lightweight signaling
42	Efficient Multistream Support	Manage streams with minimal RTCP	No extra overhead
43	Efficient Codec Switching	Switch codecs with minimal control	Seamless and efficient
44	Efficient Bitrate Switching	Adjust bitrate with minimal RTCP	Smooth transitions
45	Efficient Stream Pause	Pause stream with minimal signaling	Quick response
46	Efficient Stream Resume	Resume stream with minimal signaling	Fast recovery
47	Efficient Stream Termination	End stream with minimal BYE	Clean and efficient
48	Efficient Session Migration	Migrate with minimal RTCP	Seamless handover
49	Efficient Session Monitoring	Monitor with low-frequency probes	Minimal impact
50	Efficient Resource Usage	Low CPU and memory for RTCP	System remains responsive

RTCP Feature : Congestion Control

Congestion Control - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Detect Packet Loss	Simulate packet loss	RTCP reports loss to sender
2	Detect Jitter	Introduce jitter in stream	RTCP reports jitter accurately
3	Detect Delay	Add network delay	RTCP reports increased delay
4	Adjust Bitrate on Loss	Trigger loss feedback	Sender reduces bitrate
5	Adjust Bitrate on Recovery	Recover from loss	Sender increases bitrate
6	Adaptive Report Frequency	Adjust report interval	RTCP adapts to congestion
7	Feedback Suppression	Suppress redundant feedback	Bandwidth conserved
8	Randomized Feedback Timing	Spread feedback timing	Avoids feedback bursts
9	Congestion in Multicast	Simulate congestion in multicast	RTCP adapts globally
10	Congestion in Unicast	Simulate congestion in unicast	RTCP adapts per stream
11	Congestion with NAT	Simulate NAT traversal	RTCP feedback still delivered
12	Congestion with Firewall	Simulate firewall restrictions	RTCP adapts to path
13	Congestion with Encryption	Encrypt RTCP packets	Congestion control still works
14	Congestion with Mobile Network	Simulate mobile network	RTCP adapts bitrate
15	Congestion with Wi-Fi	Simulate Wi-Fi interference	RTCP reports jitter/loss
16	Congestion with LTE	Simulate LTE congestion	RTCP adapts stream quality
17	Congestion with VPN	Simulate VPN routing	RTCP feedback still valid
18	Congestion with Satellite	Simulate high-latency link	RTCP handles delay
19	Congestion with High RTT	Simulate high round-trip time	RTCP adjusts feedback timing
20	Congestion with Low Bandwidth	Limit bandwidth	RTCP reduces control traffic
21	Congestion with High Bitrate	Use high bitrate stream	RTCP triggers bitrate reduction
22	Congestion with Multiple Streams	Use multiple media streams	RTCP manages each stream
23	Congestion with Video Only	Stream video only	RTCP adjusts video bitrate
24	Congestion with Audio Only	Stream audio only	RTCP adjusts audio quality
25	Congestion with Screen Share	Stream screen content	RTCP adapts to frame rate
26	Congestion with VR Stream	Stream VR content	RTCP maintains sync and quality
27	Congestion with 360 Video	Stream panoramic video	RTCP adapts to viewport
28	Congestion with Codec Switch	Switch codecs mid-stream	RTCP maintains control
29	Congestion with Resolution Change	Change resolution dynamically	RTCP adapts feedback
30	Congestion with Frame Rate Change	Change FPS dynamically	RTCP adjusts accordingly
31	Congestion with Stream Pause	Pause stream	RTCP reduces traffic
32	Congestion with Stream Resume	Resume stream	RTCP resumes feedback
33	Congestion with Stream Termination	End stream	RTCP sends BYE
34	Congestion with Session Join	New participant joins	RTCP scales feedback
35	Congestion with Session Leave	Participant leaves	RTCP updates control
36	Congestion with Feedback Delay	Delay RTCP feedback	Sender still adapts
37	Congestion with Feedback Loss	Drop RTCP packets	Sender uses last known state
38	Congestion with Feedback Reordering	Reorder RTCP packets	Sender handles correctly
39	Congestion with Feedback Duplication	Duplicate RTCP packets	Sender ignores duplicates
40	Congestion with Feedback Aggregation	Aggregate feedback	Reduces control traffic
41	Congestion with Feedback Prioritization	Prioritize critical feedback	Sender responds to key metrics
42	Congestion with Feedback Filtering	Filter non-critical feedback	Bandwidth optimized
43	Congestion with Feedback Compression	Compress RTCP packets	Smaller control packets
44	Congestion with Feedback Encryption	Encrypt feedback	Secure and effective
45	Congestion with Feedback Logging	Log feedback under load	Logs remain accurate
46	Congestion with Feedback Monitoring	Monitor feedback in real-time	Congestion trends visible
47	Congestion with Feedback Analytics	Analyze feedback data	Insights on congestion patterns
48	Congestion with Feedback Visualization	Visualize congestion metrics	Graphs show real-time status
49	Congestion with Feedback Adaptation	Adapt feedback based on network	Dynamic control maintained
50	Congestion with Feedback Recovery	Recover from feedback loss	RTCP resumes normal operation

RTCP Feature : Extensibility

Extensibility - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Add Custom RTCP Packet Type	Introduce a new RTCP packet type	Receiver recognizes and processes it
2	Extend SDES with Custom Field	Add a new SDES item	Receiver parses and logs it
3	Add New APP Packet Format	Define a new APP packet structure	Receiver handles it correctly
4	Add Vendor-Specific Extension	Include vendor-specific data	Receiver processes or ignores safely
5	Add Experimental Packet Type	Use experimental RTCP type	Receiver handles without error
6	Extend XR Report Block	Add new XR block type	Receiver parses and logs it
7	Add Custom Feedback Message	Define new feedback format	Sender interprets and reacts
8	Add Custom Congestion Control Field	Extend feedback with new field	Sender adjusts accordingly
9	Add Custom Encryption Metadata	Include encryption info in RTCP	Receiver decrypts and uses it
10	Add Custom Timing Info	Add new timing field	Receiver uses for sync
11	Add Custom Session Control Info	Extend BYE or APP with control data	Receiver updates session state
12	Add Custom QoS Metrics	Include new QoS fields	Receiver logs and displays
13	Add Custom Jitter Metric	Extend jitter reporting	Receiver interprets correctly
14	Add Custom Delay Metric	Add delay variation field	Receiver uses for analysis
15	Add Custom Loss Metric	Add new loss calculation method	Receiver processes it
16	Add Custom Clock Sync Info	Extend SR with new sync data	Receiver adjusts clock
17	Add Custom RTP Mapping	Include RTP stream mapping	Receiver uses for stream ID
18	Add Custom Multistream Info	Add stream group metadata	Receiver groups streams
19	Add Custom Media Type	Define new media type in SDES	Receiver handles it
20	Add Custom Codec Info	Include codec parameters	Receiver adapts decoding
21	Add Custom Priority Field	Add stream priority info	Receiver prioritizes playback
22	Add Custom Buffering Info	Include buffer state	Sender adjusts bitrate
23	Add Custom Error Correction Info	Include FEC or redundancy info	Receiver uses for recovery
24	Add Custom NAT Info	Include NAT traversal metadata	Receiver adjusts routing
25	Add Custom Firewall Info	Include firewall traversal data	Receiver adapts connection
26	Add Custom Proxy Info	Include proxy metadata	Receiver routes accordingly
27	Add Custom Session ID Format	Extend session ID structure	Receiver parses correctly
28	Add Custom User ID	Include user-specific ID	Receiver logs and displays
29	Add Custom Group ID	Include group membership info	Receiver groups participants
30	Add Custom Region Info	Include geographic region	Receiver uses for analytics
31	Add Custom Language Info	Include language preference	Receiver adapts UI
32	Add Custom Device Info	Include device metadata	Receiver logs device type
33	Add Custom Network Info	Include network type	Receiver logs for diagnostics
34	Add Custom Application Info	Include app version	Receiver logs for compatibility
35	Add Custom Debug Info	Include debug flags	Receiver logs for troubleshooting
36	Add Custom Logging Info	Include logging level	Receiver adjusts verbosity
37	Add Custom Analytics Tag	Include analytics ID	Receiver logs for tracking
38	Add Custom Timestamp Format	Use extended timestamp	Receiver parses correctly
39	Add Custom Encryption Key Info	Include key ID or hint	Receiver uses for decryption
40	Add Custom Authentication Info	Include auth token	Receiver validates session
41	Add Custom Session Migration Info	Include migration metadata	Receiver reconnects
42	Add Custom Stream Switching Info	Include switch trigger	Receiver switches streams
43	Add Custom Feedback Priority	Prioritize feedback types	Sender reacts accordingly
44	Add Custom Feedback Delay	Include delay tolerance	Sender adjusts timing
45	Add Custom Feedback Frequency	Include preferred interval	Sender adapts report rate
46	Add Custom Feedback Aggregation	Include aggregation hints	Receiver combines reports
47	Add Custom Feedback Filtering	Include filter rules	Receiver processes selectively
48	Add Custom Feedback Compression	Include compression method	Receiver decompresses
49	Add Custom Feedback Encryption	Include encryption method	Receiver decrypts
50	Add Custom Feedback Routing	Include routing hints	Receiver forwards accordingly

RTCP Feature : Security Support

Security Support - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	RTCP Packet Encryption	Encrypt RTCP packets	Receiver decrypts successfully
2	RTCP Packet Authentication	Authenticate RTCP packets	Receiver verifies authenticity
3	RTCP Packet Integrity Check	Modify packet in transit	Receiver detects tampering
4	RTCP with SRTP	Use Secure RTP for RTCP	RTCP packets are secure
5	RTCP with TLS Tunnel	Send RTCP over TLS	Secure transmission ensured
6	RTCP with DTLS	Use DTLS for RTCP	Secure handshake and transport
7	RTCP with IPsec	Send RTCP over IPsec	Packets are encrypted and authenticated
8	Replay Attack Detection	Replay old RTCP packet	Receiver rejects duplicate
9	Man-in-the-Middle Detection	Simulate MITM attack	Receiver detects and blocks
10	Invalid Signature Detection	Send RTCP with bad signature	Receiver rejects packet
11	Key Rotation Support	Rotate encryption keys	Session continues securely
12	Key Expiry Handling	Use expired key	Receiver rejects packet
13	Key Exchange Protocol	Perform secure key exchange	Keys are securely shared
14	Secure CNAME Field	Encrypt SDES CNAME	Receiver decrypts and identifies
15	Secure SDES Packet	Encrypt entire SDES	Receiver parses securely
16	Secure BYE Packet	Encrypt BYE message	Receiver processes securely
17	Secure APP Packet	Encrypt APP data	Receiver decrypts and uses
18	Secure XR Packet	Encrypt extended reports	Receiver decrypts and logs
19	Secure Feedback Packet	Encrypt feedback messages	Sender adjusts accordingly
20	Secure Session Control	Encrypt session control info	Receiver updates session securely
21	Secure Multicast RTCP	Send secure RTCP in multicast	All receivers decrypt correctly
22	Secure Unicast RTCP	Send secure RTCP in unicast	Peer decrypts successfully
23	Secure NAT Traversal	Secure RTCP through NAT	Packets remain protected
24	Secure Firewall Traversal	Secure RTCP through firewall	Packets are not blocked
25	Secure Proxy Traversal	Secure RTCP via proxy	Proxy forwards securely
26	Secure Packet Loss Report	Encrypt loss feedback	Sender adjusts bitrate
27	Secure Jitter Report	Encrypt jitter info	Sender smooths stream
28	Secure Delay Report	Encrypt delay metrics	Sender adjusts buffering
29	Secure QoS Metrics	Encrypt QoS feedback	Receiver logs securely
30	Secure Clock Sync	Encrypt SR timestamps	Receiver syncs securely
31	Secure Session Join	Securely join session	Participant authenticated
32	Secure Session Leave	Securely leave session	BYE is authenticated
33	Secure Session Migration	Migrate session securely	All endpoints re-authenticate
34	Secure Session Resume	Resume session securely	State restored with auth
35	Secure Session Pause	Pause session with auth	Receiver accepts command
36	Secure Session Restart	Restart session securely	All participants rejoin
37	Secure Feedback Aggregation	Aggregate encrypted feedback	Sender processes securely
38	Secure Feedback Filtering	Filter encrypted feedback	Only valid packets processed
39	Secure Feedback Compression	Compress and encrypt feedback	Receiver decompresses and decrypts
40	Secure Feedback Prioritization	Prioritize encrypted feedback	Sender reacts to critical info
41	Secure Feedback Routing	Route encrypted feedback	Correct destination reached
42	Secure Logging	Log encrypted RTCP data	Logs are protected
43	Secure Monitoring	Monitor RTCP securely	No data leakage
44	Secure Analytics	Analyze encrypted RTCP	Insights generated securely
45	Secure Debugging	Debug RTCP with secure logs	No sensitive data exposed
46	Secure Packet Size Handling	Handle large encrypted packets	No fragmentation issues
47	Secure Packet Rate Handling	Handle high rate of secure RTCP	No performance degradation
48	Secure Interoperability	Test with mixed secure clients	All clients communicate securely
49	Secure Resource Usage	Monitor CPU/memory for encryption	Within acceptable limits
50	Secure Compliance Check	Verify against security standards	RTCP meets compliance (e.g., SRTP, DTLS)

RTCP Feature : Interoperability

Interoperability - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Interop Between Vendors	RTCP between different vendor devices	RTCP packets exchanged successfully
2	Interop Between OS Platforms	RTCP between Windows and Linux	Communication is seamless
3	Interop Between Protocol Versions	RTCP v1 and v2 compatibility	Backward compatibility maintained
4	Interop Between Media Types	Audio and video RTCP streams	Both types handled correctly
5	Interop Between Codecs	Different codecs in session	RTCP reports processed correctly
6	Interop Between RTP Profiles	AVP and SAVP profiles	RTCP adapts accordingly
7	Interop Between Multicast and Unicast	Mixed transport types	RTCP works across both
8	Interop with SRTP	RTCP with secure RTP	Secure and compatible
9	Interop with DTLS	RTCP over DTLS	Secure and interoperable
10	Interop with TLS	RTCP over TLS tunnel	Secure and functional
11	Interop with IPv4 and IPv6	Mixed IP versions	RTCP packets routed correctly
12	Interop with NAT Devices	RTCP behind NAT	Traversal successful
13	Interop with Firewalls	RTCP through firewall	Packets not blocked
14	Interop with Proxies	RTCP via proxy server	Packets forwarded correctly
15	Interop with Mobile Clients	RTCP on mobile OS	Packets exchanged successfully
16	Interop with WebRTC	RTCP with WebRTC clients	Feedback and control exchanged
17	Interop with SIP	RTCP in SIP-based session	Reports integrated
18	Interop with H.323	RTCP in H.323 session	Compatible and functional
19	Interop with RTSP	RTCP in RTSP session	Control and feedback exchanged
20	Interop with RTP-only Clients	RTCP with RTP-only peers	Graceful fallback
21	Interop with Legacy Devices	RTCP with older hardware	Basic functionality maintained
22	Interop with Cloud Services	RTCP with cloud media servers	Reports processed correctly
23	Interop with CDN	RTCP through content delivery network	Feedback reaches origin
24	Interop with Load Balancers	RTCP through load balancer	Session continuity maintained
25	Interop with Session Border Controllers	RTCP through SBC	Packets routed and translated
26	Interop with Multistream Sessions	Multiple media streams	RTCP handles all streams
27	Interop with Mixed Encryption	Encrypted and unencrypted clients	RTCP adapts securely
28	Interop with Different Clock Sources	Devices with different clocks	Sync maintained
29	Interop with Different Time Zones	Clients in different zones	Timestamps interpreted correctly
30	Interop with Different Languages	SDES fields in various languages	Parsed and displayed correctly
31	Interop with Different Packet Sizes	Varying MTU sizes	RTCP packets delivered
32	Interop with Different Bitrates	High and low bitrate clients	RTCP adapts feedback
33	Interop with Different Frame Rates	Mixed FPS streams	RTCP handles timing
34	Interop with Different Resolutions	Mixed video resolutions	RTCP reports quality accurately
35	Interop with Different Jitter Buffers	Clients with different buffers	RTCP feedback remains valid
36	Interop with Different Feedback Intervals	Mixed report intervals	RTCP adapts to timing
37	Interop with Different QoS Policies	Mixed QoS settings	RTCP respects policies
38	Interop with Different Network Conditions	Varying latency and loss	RTCP adapts feedback
39	Interop with Different Session Durations	Short and long sessions	RTCP handles both
40	Interop with BYE Packets	BYE from different clients	Session ends cleanly
41	Interop with SDES Packets	SDES from various clients	All fields parsed
42	Interop with XR Packets	Extended reports from different sources	Parsed and logged
43	Interop with APP Packets	Custom APP packets	Ignored or processed correctly
44	Interop with Feedback Packets	Feedback from various clients	Sender adapts accordingly
45	Interop with Session Control	Session control across platforms	All clients respond
46	Interop with Analytics Tools	RTCP data to analytics engine	Data parsed and visualized
47	Interop with Monitoring Tools	RTCP monitored by third-party tools	Metrics displayed correctly
48	Interop with Logging Systems	RTCP logs integrated	Logs are consistent
49	Interop with Debugging Tools	RTCP debug info captured	Tools interpret correctly
50	Interop with Compliance Standards	RTCP meets RFC standards	Interoperability certified

RTCP Feature : Multicast and Unicast Support

Multicast and Unicast Support - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	RTCP in Unicast Session	Send RTCP in unicast	Receiver receives and processes
2	RTCP in Multicast Session	Send RTCP in multicast	All group members receive
3	Mixed Unicast and Multicast	Use both modes in session	RTCP adapts to each
4	Multicast Join	Join multicast group	RTCP packets received
5	Multicast Leave	Leave multicast group	RTCP packets stop
6	Unicast Peer-to-Peer	RTCP between two peers	Reports exchanged correctly
7	Multicast with Multiple Receivers	Send RTCP to many clients	All receive without loss
8	Multicast with Packet Loss	Simulate loss	RTCP handles gracefully
9	Multicast with Delay	Introduce delay	RTCP still synchronized
10	Multicast with Jitter	Add jitter	RTCP reports reflect it
11	Multicast with Encryption	Encrypt RTCP packets	All receivers decrypt
12	Multicast with NAT	Send from NAT client	RTCP reaches group
13	Multicast with Firewall	Send through firewall	RTCP not blocked
14	Multicast with SRTP	Secure multicast RTCP	All clients decrypt
15	Multicast with BYE Packet	Send BYE in multicast	All receivers update session
16	Multicast with SDES Packet	Send SDES in multicast	All receivers parse info
17	Multicast with APP Packet	Send custom APP packet	All receivers handle or ignore
18	Multicast with XR Packet	Send extended report	All receivers parse
19	Multicast with Feedback Packet	Send feedback in multicast	Sender adapts stream
20	Multicast with Session Control	Control session via multicast	All clients respond
21	Multicast with Clock Sync	Sync via multicast SR	All clients align clocks
22	Multicast with Session Start	Start session via multicast	All clients join
23	Multicast with Session End	End session via multicast	All clients leave
24	Multicast with Mixed Codecs	Different codecs in group	RTCP handles all
25	Multicast with Mixed Bitrates	Varying bitrates	RTCP adapts feedback
26	Multicast with Mixed Devices	Different hardware	RTCP interoperates
27	Multicast with Mixed OS	Windows, Linux, Android	RTCP works across all
28	Multicast with Mobile Clients	Include mobile users	RTCP received correctly
29	Multicast with WebRTC	Include WebRTC clients	RTCP interoperates
30	Multicast with SIP	SIP-based multicast	RTCP integrated
31	Multicast with H.323	H.323-based multicast	RTCP compatible
32	Multicast with RTSP	RTSP-based multicast	RTCP reports exchanged
33	Multicast with Session Migration	Move session to new group	Clients reconnect
34	Multicast with Session Duplication	Duplicate stream	RTCP handles both
35	Multicast with Session Merge	Merge two groups	RTCP adapts
36	Multicast with Session Split	Split group	RTCP continues in both
37	Multicast with Feedback Aggregation	Aggregate feedback	Sender receives summary
38	Multicast with Feedback Suppression	Suppress redundant feedback	Bandwidth optimized
39	Multicast with Feedback Prioritization	Prioritize feedback	Sender reacts to critical info
40	Multicast with Feedback Delay	Delay feedback	Sender still adapts
41	Multicast with Feedback Loss	Drop feedback	Sender uses last known state
42	Multicast with Feedback Encryption	Encrypt feedback	All receivers decrypt
43	Multicast with Feedback Compression	Compress feedback	All receivers decompress
44	Multicast with Feedback Routing	Route feedback to sender	Correctly received
45	Unicast with Encryption	Secure unicast RTCP	Peer decrypts successfully
46	Unicast with NAT	Send RTCP behind NAT	Peer receives correctly
47	Unicast with Firewall	Send RTCP through firewall	Peer receives correctly
48	Unicast with Packet Loss	Simulate loss	RTCP handles gracefully
49	Unicast with Delay	Add delay	RTCP remains synchronized
50	Unicast with Feedback Adaptation	Adapt feedback rate	Sender adjusts stream

RTCP Feature : Periodic Reporting

Periodic Reporting - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Default Report Interval	Verify default interval	Reports sent every 5 seconds
2	Custom Report Interval	Set custom interval	Reports sent at specified rate
3	Minimum Report Interval	Set minimum allowed interval	Reports not sent too frequently
4	Maximum Report Interval	Set maximum allowed interval	Reports not delayed excessively
5	Report Interval Adaptation	Adjust interval based on session size	Interval scales correctly
6	Report Interval with Low Bandwidth	Simulate low bandwidth	Interval increases to reduce load
7	Report Interval with High Bandwidth	Simulate high bandwidth	Interval decreases for responsiveness
8	Report Interval with Packet Loss	Simulate packet loss	Interval adapts to avoid congestion
9	Report Interval with Jitter	Simulate jitter	Reports still sent periodically
10	Report Interval with Delay	Simulate network delay	Reports arrive with expected timing
11	Report Interval with Encryption	Encrypt RTCP packets	Reports still sent periodically
12	Report Interval with NAT	Send behind NAT	Reports reach destination
13	Report Interval with Firewall	Send through firewall	Reports not blocked
14	Report Interval with Multicast	Send in multicast session	All receivers get periodic reports
15	Report Interval with Unicast	Send in unicast session	Peer receives periodic reports
16	Report Interval with SR Packets	Send periodic Sender Reports	Receiver receives on time
17	Report Interval with RR Packets	Send periodic Receiver Reports	Sender receives on time
18	Report Interval with SDES Packets	Send periodic SDES	Metadata updated regularly
19	Report Interval with XR Packets	Send periodic extended reports	Receiver logs metrics
20	Report Interval with APP Packets	Send periodic APP packets	Custom data received
21	Report Interval with Feedback Packets	Send periodic feedback	Sender adapts stream
22	Report Interval with Session Start	Start session	First report sent after interval
23	Report Interval with Session End	End session	Final report or BYE sent
24	Report Interval with Session Pause	Pause session	Reports paused
25	Report Interval with Session Resume	Resume session	Reports resume
26	Report Interval with Clock Drift	Simulate clock drift	Reports still periodic
27	Report Interval with Time Sync	Use NTP sync	Reports aligned with clock
28	Report Interval with Mixed Clients	Different platforms	All send reports periodically
29	Report Interval with Mobile Clients	Use mobile devices	Reports sent on schedule
30	Report Interval with WebRTC	Use WebRTC clients	Reports sent as expected
31	Report Interval with SIP	Use SIP-based session	Reports integrated
32	Report Interval with H.323	Use H.323 session	Reports compatible
33	Report Interval with RTSP	Use RTSP session	Reports exchanged
34	Report Interval with Codec Change	Switch codecs	Reporting continues
35	Report Interval with Bitrate Change	Change bitrate	Reports adapt to new rate
36	Report Interval with Resolution Change	Change resolution	Reports unaffected
37	Report Interval with Frame Rate Change	Change FPS	Reports remain periodic
38	Report Interval with Stream Pause	Pause media stream	Reports continue
39	Report Interval with Stream Resume	Resume media stream	Reports continue
40	Report Interval with Stream Termination	End stream	Final report sent
41	Report Interval with Feedback Suppression	Suppress redundant feedback	Reports optimized
42	Report Interval with Feedback Aggregation	Aggregate feedback	Reports sent efficiently
43	Report Interval with Feedback Prioritization	Prioritize feedback	Critical reports sent first
44	Report Interval with Logging	Log report timestamps	Logs show correct intervals
45	Report Interval with Monitoring Tools	Use external tools	Reports detected on schedule
46	Report Interval with Analytics	Analyze report frequency	Matches expected pattern
47	Report Interval with Debugging	Debug report timing	No unexpected delays
48	Report Interval with Compliance Check	Check against RFC 3550	Interval meets standard
49	Report Interval with Resource Constraints	Low CPU/memory	Reports still sent
50	Report Interval with Network Congestion	Simulate congestion	Interval adapts to avoid overload

RTCP Feature : Codec and Media Adaptation

Codec and Media Adaptation - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	Codec Change Notification	Notify codec change via RTCP	Receiver adapts to new codec
2	Codec Downgrade on Loss	Switch to lower bitrate codec on loss	Stream continues with lower quality
3	Codec Upgrade on Recovery	Switch to higher quality codec	Stream improves without interruption
4	Audio Codec Switch	Switch between audio codecs	Audio remains synchronized
5	Video Codec Switch	Switch between video codecs	Video continues without artifacts
6	Codec Switch During Session	Change codec mid-session	RTCP updates reflect change
7	Codec Switch with Feedback	Use RTCP feedback to trigger switch	Sender adapts codec
8	Codec Switch with XR	Use extended reports for codec decision	Codec adapts based on metrics
9	Codec Switch with Jitter	Switch codec due to jitter	Playback stabilizes
10	Codec Switch with Delay	Switch codec due to delay	Latency improves
11	Codec Switch with Packet Loss	Switch codec due to loss	Stream recovers
12	Codec Switch with Bandwidth Drop	Switch to low-bitrate codec	Stream continues
13	Codec Switch with Bandwidth Increase	Switch to high-quality codec	Quality improves
14	Codec Switch with Resolution Change	Adjust codec for new resolution	Stream adapts
15	Codec Switch with Frame Rate Change	Adjust codec for FPS	Smooth playback
16	Codec Switch with Device Change	Change codec for new device	Compatibility maintained
17	Codec Switch with Network Type	Adapt codec for Wi-Fi/4G/5G	Stream optimized
18	Codec Switch with NAT	Maintain codec behind NAT	Stream continues
19	Codec Switch with Firewall	Codec adapts through firewall	No interruption
20	Codec Switch with Encryption	Secure codec switch	Stream remains encrypted
21	Codec Switch with SRTP	Codec switch under SRTP	Security maintained
22	Codec Switch with Multicast	Codec switch in multicast	All receivers adapt
23	Codec Switch with Unicast	Codec switch in unicast	Peer adapts
24	Codec Switch with Mobile Client	Codec switch on mobile	Stream continues
25	Codec Switch with WebRTC	Codec switch in WebRTC	Peer connection stable
26	Codec Switch with SIP	Codec switch in SIP session	Call continues
27	Codec Switch with H.323	Codec switch in H.323	Compatibility maintained
28	Codec Switch with RTSP	Codec switch in RTSP	Playback continues
29	Codec Switch with Feedback Delay	Handle delayed feedback	Codec switch still valid
30	Codec Switch with Feedback Loss	Handle lost feedback	Codec switch fallback
31	Codec Switch with Feedback Aggregation	Aggregate feedback for decision	Codec switch optimized
32	Codec Switch with Feedback Suppression	Suppress redundant feedback	Efficient codec switching
33	Codec Switch with Feedback Prioritization	Prioritize critical feedback	Codec switch triggered
34	Codec Switch with Logging	Log codec switch events	Logs show correct transitions
35	Codec Switch with Monitoring	Monitor codec switch in real-time	Metrics updated
36	Codec Switch with Analytics	Analyze codec switch patterns	Insights generated
37	Codec Switch with Debugging	Debug codec switch logic	No errors in transition
38	Codec Switch with Compliance	Verify codec switch meets RFC	Standards followed
39	Codec Switch with Resource Constraints	Switch codec under CPU/memory limits	Stream continues
40	Codec Switch with Multistream	Switch codec for multiple streams	All streams adapt
41	Codec Switch with Audio/Video Sync	Maintain sync during switch	No drift observed
42	Codec Switch with Silence Detection	Switch audio codec on silence	Bandwidth saved
43	Codec Switch with Echo Detection	Switch codec to reduce echo	Audio improves
44	Codec Switch with Noise Detection	Switch codec to handle noise	Audio clarity improves
45	Codec Switch with User Preference	Switch codec based on user setting	Preference honored
46	Codec Switch with Admin Policy	Enforce codec switch via policy	Policy applied
47	Codec Switch with Session Migration	Maintain codec during migration	Stream continues
48	Codec Switch with Session Resume	Resume with previous codec	No renegotiation needed
49	Codec Switch with Session Restart	Restart with new codec	Session re-established
50	Codec Switch with Adaptive Bitrate	Codec adapts with bitrate	Stream remains stable

RTCP Feature : Application-Level Integration

Application-Level Integration - Testcases

S.No	Test Case	Description	Expected Result
1	RTCP Integration with Media Player	Integrate RTCP stats into player UI	Player displays real-time metrics
2	RTCP Integration with Dashboard	Feed RTCP data to analytics dashboard	Dashboard updates live
3	RTCP Integration with Logging System	Log RTCP events	Logs contain accurate RTCP data
4	RTCP Integration with Monitoring Tools	Use RTCP for health monitoring	Alerts triggered on thresholds
5	RTCP Integration with QoS Engine	Feed RTCP to QoS controller	Network adapts to feedback
6	RTCP Integration with Load Balancer	Use RTCP stats for load decisions	Load distributed based on quality
7	RTCP Integration with CDN	Use RTCP to optimize edge delivery	CDN routes based on feedback
8	RTCP Integration with SIP Server	Use RTCP for call quality tracking	SIP server logs and reacts
9	RTCP Integration with WebRTC App	Display RTCP stats in browser	WebRTC app shows live metrics
10	RTCP Integration with Mobile App	Show RTCP stats in mobile UI	Mobile app updates in real-time
11	RTCP Integration with AI Engine	Feed RTCP to ML model	Model predicts quality issues
12	RTCP Integration with Alert System	Trigger alerts on packet loss	Notifications sent
13	RTCP Integration with Ticketing System	Create tickets on quality issues	Tickets auto-generated
14	RTCP Integration with BI Tools	Feed RTCP to Power BI/Tableau	Visualizations generated
15	RTCP Integration with Database	Store RTCP data in DB	Data logged for analysis
16	RTCP Integration with REST API	Expose RTCP stats via API	API returns valid JSON
17	RTCP Integration with SNMP	Map RTCP to SNMP traps	SNMP manager receives traps
18	RTCP Integration with Syslog	Send RTCP logs to syslog	Central logging receives entries
19	RTCP Integration with Email Alerts	Send email on RTCP threshold	Email sent to admin
20	RTCP Integration with SMS Gateway	Send SMS on RTCP event	SMS alert delivered
21	RTCP Integration with ChatOps	Post RTCP alerts to Slack/Teams	Message posted in channel
22	RTCP Integration with Cloud Functions	Trigger function on RTCP event	Function executes
23	RTCP Integration with Webhooks	Send RTCP data to webhook	Webhook receives payload
24	RTCP Integration with Kubernetes	Use RTCP for pod scaling	Pods scale based on quality
25	RTCP Integration with Docker	Monitor RTCP in container	Logs available in container logs
26	RTCP Integration with Prometheus	Export RTCP metrics	Prometheus scrapes data
27	RTCP Integration with Grafana	Visualize RTCP metrics	Dashboards show live graphs
28	RTCP Integration with ELK Stack	Send RTCP to Elasticsearch	Data searchable in Kibana
29	RTCP Integration with Kafka	Stream RTCP data to Kafka	Consumers receive messages
30	RTCP Integration with MQTT	Publish RTCP stats to MQTT	Subscribers receive updates
31	RTCP Integration with InfluxDB	Store RTCP time-series data	Data available for queries
32	RTCP Integration with Redis	Cache RTCP metrics	Fast access to recent stats
33	RTCP Integration with BigQuery	Analyze RTCP at scale	Queries return correct results
34	RTCP Integration with AWS CloudWatch	Push RTCP metrics	CloudWatch displays graphs
35	RTCP Integration with Azure Monitor	Send RTCP data	Metrics visible in Azure
36	RTCP Integration with GCP Stackdriver	Log RTCP events	Stackdriver logs updated
37	RTCP Integration with Jenkins	Trigger builds on RTCP events	CI/CD pipeline reacts
38	RTCP Integration with GitHub Actions	Use RTCP to trigger workflows	Actions execute
39	RTCP Integration with CI/CD Tools	Use RTCP for deployment decisions	Pipeline adapts
40	RTCP Integration with Billing System	Use RTCP for usage-based billing	Accurate billing records
41	RTCP Integration with CRM	Log RTCP issues in CRM	Customer records updated
42	RTCP Integration with Helpdesk	Auto-create support tickets	Helpdesk receives issue
43	RTCP Integration with Voice Assistant	Report RTCP stats via voice	Assistant speaks metrics
44	RTCP Integration with Smart TV	Display RTCP stats on screen	Viewer sees quality info
45	RTCP Integration with IoT Device	Send RTCP to IoT hub	Device logs or reacts
46	RTCP Integration with VR/AR App	Use RTCP to adjust rendering	Experience remains smooth
47	RTCP Integration with Game Engine	Use RTCP to adapt game stream	Game adjusts quality
48	RTCP Integration with Classroom App	Use RTCP to monitor student streams	Teacher sees quality per student
49	RTCP Integration with Telehealth App	Monitor call quality	Doctor sees patient connection stats
50	RTCP Integration with E-learning Platform	Use RTCP to track lecture quality	Platform logs and reports issues

Reference links

Reference links