RTP - Real-Time Transport Protocol

What is RTP?

RTP, Real-Time Transport Protocol, is a network protocol standardized by the IETF (RFC 3550) for delivering audio and video over IP networks. It is widely used in streaming media systems, video conferencing, and VoIP (Voice over IP).

Why RTP is Useful?

  • Supports real-time transmission of multimedia data.

  • Works with RTCP for quality monitoring and synchronization.

  • Payload type identification allows dynamic codec switching.

  • Timestamping and sequence numbers enable jitter compensation and packet reordering.

  • Widely used in VoIP, WebRTC, and conferencing systems.

How it works?

  • Media is encoded – Audio/video is compressed using codecs (e.g., Opus, H.264).

  • Packets are created – RTP adds headers with sequence numbers and timestamps.

  • Data is transmitted – Packets are sent over UDP (usually) to minimize latency.

  • Receiver reorders and plays – The client uses timestamps and sequence numbers to reconstruct the stream.

  • RTCP feedback – RTCP provides stats like packet loss, jitter, and round-trip time.

Where is RTP used?

  • VoIP systems – SIP-based voice calls (e.g., Skype, Zoom, WhatsApp).

  • Video conferencing – Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, WebRTC-based apps.

  • Streaming media – Used in conjunction with RTSP for IP camera feeds.

Which OSI layer does this protocol belong to?

  • RTP is considered an application-layer protocol because it provides end-to-end delivery services for real-time data.

  • It relies on lower-layer protocols like UDP for transport.

  • RTP handles timing, sequencing, and payload identification, which are application-level concerns.

Topics in this section,

  • In this section, you are going to learn

  • Terminology

  • Version Info

sno

RTP Version

RFC / Standard

Core / Contribution

Year

1

RTP v1

RFC 1889 RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications

  1. Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, V. Jacobson

1996

2

RTP v2 (Current)

RFC 3550 Obsoletes RFC 1889

Same as above

2003

3

RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)

RFC 3550 (Part of RTP v2)

Same as above

2003

4

Secure RTP (SRTP)

RFC 3711

  1. Baugher, D. McGrew, et al.

2004

5

RTP Retransmission

RFC 4588

  1. Rey, Y. Wang, et al.

2006

6

RTP over TCP

RFC 4571

  1. Lazzaro

2006

7

RTP Payload for MPEG-4

RFC 3016

  1. van der Meer, D. Singer

2001

8

RTP Payload for H.264 Video

RFC 6184

  1. Wenger, M. Hannuksela, et al.

2011

9

RTP Payload for VP8 Video

RFC 7741

  1. Holmer, H. Alvestrand

2016

10

RTP Payload for VP9 Video

RFC 8627

  1. Lennox, J. Uberti

2019

11

RTP Payload for AV1 Video

RFC 9328

  1. Lennox, J. Uberti, M. Nandakumar

2022

12

RTP Payload for Opus Audio

RFC 7587

  1. Valin, K. Vos, T. Terriberry

2015

13

RTP Header Extension for Audio Level

RFC 6464

  1. Lennox

2011

14

RTP Header Extension for Absolute Capture Time

RFC 8872

  1. Alvestrand, J. Lennox

2021

15

RTP with RTCP Multiplexing

RFC 5761

  1. Rosenberg, C. Perkins

2010

16

RTP Redundant Audio Data

RFC 2198

  1. Perkins

1997

17

RTP Stream Identifier Source Description

RFC 8852

  1. Lennox

2020

  • Setup

  • Setup

RTP Header Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

1

RTP Header

Contains control information for the RTP stream

12 bytes

Version (V)

RTP version (usually 2)

2 bits

Padding (P)

Indicates if padding bytes are added at the end

1 bit

Extension (X)

Indicates presence of extension header

1 bit

CSRC Count (CC)

Number of CSRC identifiers

4 bits

Marker (M)

Application-specific marker bit

1 bit

Payload Type (PT)

Identifies the format of the payload (e.g., codec)

7 bits

Sequence Number

Increments by one for each RTP packet sent

2 bytes

Timestamp

Sampling instant of the first byte in the payload

4 bytes

SSRC Identifier

Identifies the synchronization source

4 bytes

CSRC Identifiers

List of contributing sources (if any)

015 entries, 4 bytes each

CSRC List Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

2

CSRC List (optional)

Identifies contributing sources in a conference

0 to 60 bytes

CSRC Identifier(s)

Identifies contributing sources in a conference

4 bytes each (up to 15 entries)

Extension Header Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

3

Extension Header (optional)

Additional application-specific data

Variable

Extension Header ID

Identifies the extension format

2 bytes

Extension Length

Number of 32-bit words in the extension

2 bytes

Extension Data

Application-specific data

Variable

Payload Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

Payload (Media Data)

Actual audio/video data

Variable

4

Encoded Media Data

Actual audio or video content (e.g., G.711, H.264)

Variable (depends on codec and MTU)

Padding Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

5

Padding (optional)

Extra bytes for alignment or encryption

Variable

Padding Bytes

Extra bytes added for alignment or encryption

Variable

Last Byte

Indicates the number of padding bytes

1 byte

sno

Use Case

Description

1

VoIP (Voice over IP)

RTP is the backbone of voice communication over IP networks, used in SIP-based systems like Skype, Zoom, and WhatsApp.

2

Video Conferencing

Enables real-time video and audio transmission in platforms like Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, and WebRTC-based apps.

3

Live Streaming

Used in conjunction with RTSP or RTMP for low-latency live video delivery in surveillance, events, and broadcasting.

4

IPTV (Internet Protocol Television)

Delivers live TV and video-on-demand services over IP networks using RTP for media transport.

5

Surveillance Systems

IP cameras use RTP to stream real-time video feeds to monitoring systems or cloud storage.

6

Telemedicine

Facilitates real-time audio/video communication between doctors and patients in remote healthcare setups.

7

Online Education

Powers live virtual classrooms and webinars with real-time interaction between instructors and students.

8

Gaming Voice Chat

Used in multiplayer games for real-time voice communication between players.

9

Broadcast Contribution Feeds

Used to send high-quality, low-latency audio/video from field reporters or remote studios to central broadcast centers.

10

Remote Desktop and Virtualization

Supports real-time audio/video in remote desktop protocols like Citrix and VMware Horizon.

11

Military and Tactical Communications

Used in secure, real-time communication systems for defense and emergency response.

12

Smart Home and IoT Devices

RTP is used in smart doorbells, intercoms, and home surveillance for real-time audio/video streaming.

13

Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR)

Supports real-time media delivery in immersive environments requiring low latency.

14

Interactive Kiosks and Digital Signage

Enables real-time content updates and live feeds in public displays and kiosks.

15

Media Gateways and Transcoders

RTP is used to transport media between different network types and codecs in telecom infrastructure.

sno

Feature

Description

1

Real-Time Delivery

Designed for transmitting audio and video with minimal delay over IP networks.

2

Timestamping

Each packet includes a timestamp to help synchronize playback and manage jitter.

3

Sequence Numbering

Packets are numbered to detect loss and reorder out-of-sequence packets.

4

Payload Type Identification

Identifies the codec used (e.g., H.264, Opus), allowing dynamic media format handling.

5

Source Identification (SSRC)

Each stream has a unique identifier to distinguish multiple sources.

6

Contributing Source List (CSRC)

Supports mixing multiple sources in conferencing scenarios.

7

Header Extensions

Allows custom metadata to be added for advanced features like audio levels or capture time.

8

Support for Multicast and Unicast

Can be used in both point-to-point and group communication setups.

9

Works with RTCP

RTCP provides feedback on quality, synchronization, and participant information.

10

Codec Agnostic

RTP does not enforce any specific codec, allowing flexibility in media encoding.

11

Transport Flexibility

Typically runs over UDP but can also be used over TCP or other transports.

12

Extensibility

Easily extended with new payload formats and header extensions.

13

Interoperability

Widely supported across platforms, devices, and applications.

14

Security via SRTP

Can be secured using Secure RTP (SRTP) for encryption and authentication.

15

Jitter Compensation

Timestamp and sequence numbers help receivers manage network jitter.

Real-Time Delivery - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

RTP Packet Transmission

Send RTP packets

Packets are delivered in real-time

2

RTP Timestamp Accuracy

Verify timestamps

Timestamps match media clock

3

RTP Sequence Numbering

Check sequence numbers

Packets are ordered correctly

4

RTP Clock Synchronization

Sync sender and receiver clocks

Synchronization is maintained

5

RTP with RTCP Feedback

Use RTCP for control

Feedback is received timely

6

RTP with Jitter Buffer

Use jitter buffer at receiver

Playback is smooth

7

RTP with Packet Loss

Simulate packet loss

RTP handles loss gracefully

8

RTP with Packet Reordering

Reorder packets

RTP reorders correctly

9

RTP with Delay Variation

Introduce delay variation

RTP adapts to delay

10

RTP with High Latency

Simulate 500ms latency

Stream continues with delay

11

RTP with Low Latency

Simulate <50ms latency

Stream plays in near real-time

12

RTP with Network Congestion

Simulate congestion

RTP adapts or degrades gracefully

13

RTP with Bandwidth Throttling

Limit bandwidth

RTP adjusts bitrate

14

RTP with Encryption

Use SRTP

Packets are encrypted and delivered

15

RTP with Authentication

Authenticate session

Only authorized packets accepted

16

RTP with NAT Traversal

Use STUN/TURN

RTP packets traverse NAT

17

RTP with Firewall

Send through firewall

Packets are delivered

18

RTP with IPv4

Use IPv4 network

RTP packets are delivered

19

RTP with IPv6

Use IPv6 network

RTP packets are delivered

20

RTP with UDP

Use UDP transport

Real-time delivery is maintained

21

RTP with TCP

Use TCP transport

Delivery is slower but reliable

22

RTP with RTP-MUX

Use multiplexed RTP

Multiple streams delivered correctly

23

RTP with RTSP

Use RTSP for control

RTP stream is managed

24

RTP with SIP

Use SIP for session setup

RTP stream is established

25

RTP with WebRTC

Use RTP in WebRTC

Real-time delivery is achieved

26

RTP with VoIP

Use RTP for voice call

Audio is delivered in real-time

27

RTP with Video Streaming

Use RTP for video

Video plays smoothly

28

RTP with Audio Streaming

Use RTP for audio

Audio plays smoothly

29

RTP with Multi-Channel Audio

Stream 5.1 audio

Channels are synchronized

30

RTP with Multi-Resolution Video

Stream adaptive video

Resolution switches smoothly

31

RTP with Subtitles

Send subtitles via RTP

Subtitles are synchronized

32

RTP with Metadata

Send metadata via RTP

Metadata is received in real-time

33

RTP with Live Broadcast

Stream live event

Minimal delay in delivery

34

RTP with On-Demand Playback

Play recorded RTP stream

Playback is accurate

35

RTP with Session Timeout

Let session expire

RTP stream ends gracefully

36

RTP with Session Reconnect

Reconnect session

RTP resumes delivery

37

RTP with Packet Duplication

Duplicate packets

RTP discards duplicates

38

RTP with Packet Corruption

Corrupt packets

RTP detects and handles errors

39

RTP with QoS Enabled

Enable QoS

RTP packets prioritized

40

RTP with DSCP Marking

Use DSCP for priority

Packets marked correctly

41

RTP with Multicast

Use multicast delivery

Packets received by all clients

42

RTP with Unicast

Use unicast delivery

Packets received by single client

43

RTP with Load Balancer

Route through load balancer

Delivery remains real-time

44

RTP with CDN

Use CDN for delivery

Packets delivered from edge nodes

45

RTP with Mobile Network

Use 4G/5G

RTP adapts to mobile conditions

46

RTP with Wi-Fi

Use wireless network

RTP maintains delivery

47

RTP with Ethernet

Use wired network

RTP delivers with minimal delay

48

RTP with VPN

Use VPN tunnel

RTP packets delivered securely

49

RTP with Proxy

Use HTTP proxy

RTP packets are tunneled

50

RTP with Monitoring Tools

Use RTP monitoring

Delivery metrics are logged

Timestamping - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

RTP Timestamp Initialization

Check first packet timestamp

Timestamp starts from a valid base

2

RTP Timestamp Increment

Verify timestamp increases

Increments match media clock rate

3

RTP Timestamp Wraparound

Simulate 32-bit wraparound

Receiver handles wrap correctly

4

RTP Timestamp with Audio

Send audio stream

Timestamps align with sample rate

5

RTP Timestamp with Video

Send video stream

Timestamps align with frame rate

6

RTP Timestamp with Silence

Send silent audio

Timestamps continue incrementing

7

RTP Timestamp with Frame Drop

Drop video frames

Timestamps remain consistent

8

RTP Timestamp with Packet Loss

Simulate loss

Receiver interpolates timestamps

9

RTP Timestamp with Delay

Introduce network delay

Timestamps remain unaffected

10

RTP Timestamp with Jitter

Simulate jitter

Jitter buffer uses timestamps

11

RTP Timestamp with RTCP SR

Compare with RTCP Sender Report

Timestamps match NTP time

12

RTP Timestamp with RTCP RR

Use Receiver Report

Delay and jitter are calculated

13

RTP Timestamp with Playback Sync

Sync audio and video

Streams are synchronized

14

RTP Timestamp with Clock Drift

Simulate drift

Receiver compensates

15

RTP Timestamp with Pause/Resume

Pause and resume stream

Timestamps continue correctly

16

RTP Timestamp with Seek

Seek in media

New timestamps are valid

17

RTP Timestamp with Rewind

Rewind stream

Timestamps reset appropriately

18

RTP Timestamp with Fast Forward

Skip ahead

Timestamps jump forward

19

RTP Timestamp with Multicast

Send to multiple clients

All receive consistent timestamps

20

RTP Timestamp with Unicast

Send to single client

Timestamps are accurate

21

RTP Timestamp with Encryption

Use SRTP

Timestamps are preserved

22

RTP Timestamp with Compression

Compress stream

Timestamps remain accurate

23

RTP Timestamp with Variable Bitrate

Change bitrate

Timestamps remain consistent

24

RTP Timestamp with Constant Bitrate

Use CBR stream

Timestamps increment uniformly

25

RTP Timestamp with High Frame Rate

Use 60fps video

Timestamps reflect frame rate

26

RTP Timestamp with Low Frame Rate

Use 15fps video

Timestamps reflect frame rate

27

RTP Timestamp with Audio Sample Rate

Use 44.1kHz audio

Timestamps increment by 441 samples

28

RTP Timestamp with 48kHz Audio

Use 48kHz audio

Timestamps increment by 480 samples

29

RTP Timestamp with Silence Suppression

Suppress silent packets

Timestamps skip accordingly

30

RTP Timestamp with Packet Duplication

Duplicate packets

Receiver ignores duplicates

31

RTP Timestamp with Out-of-Order Packets

Reorder packets

Playback uses correct timestamps

32

RTP Timestamp with RTSP

Use RTSP control

Timestamps align with playback

33

RTP Timestamp with SIP

Use SIP session

Timestamps are synchronized

34

RTP Timestamp with WebRTC

Use WebRTC

Timestamps support real-time sync

35

RTP Timestamp with Live Streaming

Stream live event

Timestamps reflect real-time

36

RTP Timestamp with VOD

Play recorded stream

Timestamps match media timeline

37

RTP Timestamp with Transcoding

Transcode stream

Timestamps are recalculated

38

RTP Timestamp with Adaptive Streaming

Change quality

Timestamps remain continuous

39

RTP Timestamp with Multi-Track Audio

Use multiple audio tracks

Timestamps are track-specific

40

RTP Timestamp with Multi-Camera Video

Switch camera feeds

Timestamps remain in sync

41

RTP Timestamp with Subtitles

Send timed captions

Captions align with media

42

RTP Timestamp with Metadata

Send timed metadata

Metadata aligns with media

43

RTP Timestamp with Monitoring Tools

Use RTP analyzer

Timestamps are logged correctly

44

RTP Timestamp with Logging

Log timestamps

Logs show correct values

45

RTP Timestamp with Debug Mode

Enable debug

Timestamps are printed

46

RTP Timestamp with Session Timeout

Let session expire

Final timestamp is valid

47

RTP Timestamp with Reconnect

Reconnect session

Timestamps resume correctly

48

RTP Timestamp with Clock Reset

Reset sender clock

Receiver handles jump

49

RTP Timestamp with NTP Sync

Sync with NTP

Timestamps align with wall clock

50

RTP Timestamp with Custom Clock Rate

Use non-standard rate

Timestamps increment accordingly

Sequence Numbering - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Valid Sequence Start

RTP packet starts with sequence number 0

Sequence number is 0

2

Increment Sequence

Next RTP packet increments sequence number by 1

Sequence number is previous + 1

3

Wrap Around

Sequence number wraps after 65535

Sequence number resets to 0

4

Duplicate Packet

Same sequence number received twice

Packet marked as duplicate

5

Out-of-Order Packet

Sequence number received out of order

Packet marked as out-of-order

6

Missing Packet

Sequence number skipped

Packet loss detected

7

Sequence Reset

RTP stream reset, sequence starts from 0

Sequence number is 0

8

Large Jump

Sequence number jumps by more than 100

Possible stream corruption

9

Negative Sequence

Sequence number is negative

Invalid packet

10

Non-integer Sequence

Sequence number is float

Invalid packet

11

Sequence in Header

Sequence number present in RTP header

Header parsed correctly

12

Sequence with Jitter

Sequence number affected by jitter

Jitter compensation applied

13

Sequence with Delay

Delayed packet with correct sequence

Packet accepted

14

Sequence with Timestamp

Sequence number matches timestamp order

Synchronization verified

15

Sequence with SSRC Change

SSRC changes mid-stream

Sequence reset expected

16

Sequence with Payload Change

Payload type changes

Sequence continuity maintained

17

Sequence with Marker Bit

Marker bit set on key frame

Sequence number verified

18

Sequence with Encryption

Encrypted RTP packet

Sequence number decrypted correctly

19

Sequence with Extension Header

RTP extension used

Sequence number unaffected

20

Sequence with RTCP Feedback

RTCP reports packet loss

Sequence number used for feedback

21

Sequence with Retransmission

Retransmitted packet has same sequence

Packet marked as retransmission

22

Sequence with FEC

Forward Error Correction used

Sequence number used for recovery

23

Sequence with SRTP

Secure RTP used

Sequence number integrity verified

24

Sequence with Multicast

RTP over multicast

Sequence number synchronized across receivers

25

Sequence with Unicast

RTP over unicast

Sequence number continuity maintained

26

Sequence with NAT

RTP through NAT

Sequence number unaffected

27

Sequence with Firewall

RTP through firewall

Sequence number continuity maintained

28

Sequence with VPN

RTP over VPN

Sequence number integrity verified

29

Sequence with IPv6

RTP over IPv6

Sequence number parsed correctly

30

Sequence with IPv4

RTP over IPv4

Sequence number parsed correctly

31

Sequence with QoS

Quality of Service enabled

Sequence number used for prioritization

32

Sequence with Congestion

Network congestion

Sequence number gaps detected

33

Sequence with Packet Duplication

Network duplicates packets

Duplicate sequence detected

34

Sequence with Packet Reordering

Network reorders packets

Out-of-order sequence detected

35

Sequence with Packet Loss

Network drops packets

Missing sequence detected

36

Sequence with Buffer Overflow

Receiver buffer overflow

Sequence number mismatch

37

Sequence with Buffer Underflow

Receiver buffer underflow

Sequence number gaps

38

Sequence with Clock Drift

Sender clock drift

Sequence number and timestamp mismatch

39

Sequence with Synchronization

Multiple streams synchronized

Sequence numbers aligned

40

Sequence with RTP Mixer

RTP mixer modifies stream

Sequence number continuity maintained

41

Sequence with Translator

RTP translator modifies stream

Sequence number continuity maintained

42

Sequence with Silence Suppression

Silence periods skipped

Sequence number continuity maintained

43

Sequence with DTMF Events

DTMF tones sent via RTP

Sequence number continuity maintained

44

Sequence with Video Stream

RTP used for video

Sequence number used for frame ordering

45

Sequence with Audio Stream

RTP used for audio

Sequence number used for sample ordering

46

Sequence with High Bitrate

High bitrate stream

Sequence number increments rapidly

47

Sequence with Low Bitrate

Low bitrate stream

Sequence number increments slowly

48

Sequence with Burst Traffic

RTP packets sent in bursts

Sequence number continuity verified

49

Sequence with Real-Time Monitoring

RTP monitored in real-time

Sequence number used for diagnostics

50

Sequence with Logging

RTP sequence numbers logged

Sequence number recorded accurately

Payload Type Identification - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Valid Payload Type

RTP packet with payload type 0 (PCMU)

Payload identified as PCMU

2

Dynamic Payload Type

Payload type 96 used for dynamic codec

Payload mapped via signaling

3

Invalid Payload Type

Payload type 200 used

Packet rejected or flagged

4

Audio Payload

Payload type 8 (PCMA)

Identified as PCMA audio

5

Video Payload

Payload type 34 (H.263)

Identified as H.263 video

6

Payload Type Change

Payload type changes mid-stream

Change detected and handled

7

Payload Type with SSRC Change

SSRC changes with same payload

Payload type still identified

8

Payload Type with Marker Bit

Marker bit set on key frame

Payload type unaffected

9

Payload Type with Extension Header

RTP extension present

Payload type correctly parsed

10

Payload Type with Encryption

Encrypted RTP packet

Payload type decrypted and identified

11

Payload Type with SRTP

Secure RTP used

Payload type integrity verified

12

Payload Type with RTCP Feedback

RTCP reports payload type

Payload type confirmed

13

Payload Type with Silence Suppression

Silence periods skipped

Payload type continuity maintained

14

Payload Type with DTMF

Payload type 101 (DTMF)

Identified as DTMF event

15

Payload Type with Comfort Noise

Payload type 13 (CN)

Identified as comfort noise

16

Payload Type with Redundancy

Payload type 122 (RED)

Identified as redundant encoding

17

Payload Type with FEC

Payload type 123 (FEC)

Identified as FEC

18

Payload Type with Jitter

Jitter affects packet timing

Payload type still identified

19

Payload Type with Delay

Delayed packet

Payload type correctly parsed

20

Payload Type with Packet Loss

Some packets lost

Payload type identified from received packets

21

Payload Type with Reordering

Packets arrive out of order

Payload type correctly identified

22

Payload Type with Duplication

Duplicate packets

Payload type remains consistent

23

Payload Type with Multicast

RTP over multicast

Payload type identified across receivers

24

Payload Type with Unicast

RTP over unicast

Payload type correctly parsed

25

Payload Type with NAT

RTP through NAT

Payload type unaffected

26

Payload Type with Firewall

RTP through firewall

Payload type correctly parsed

27

Payload Type with VPN

RTP over VPN

Payload type integrity maintained

28

Payload Type with IPv6

RTP over IPv6

Payload type correctly parsed

29

Payload Type with IPv4

RTP over IPv4

Payload type correctly parsed

30

Payload Type with QoS

QoS enabled

Payload type used for prioritization

31

Payload Type with Congestion

Network congestion

Payload type still identified

32

Payload Type with Translator

RTP translator modifies stream

Payload type updated accordingly

33

Payload Type with Mixer

RTP mixer modifies stream

Payload type updated accordingly

34

Payload Type with Clock Drift

Sender clock drift

Payload type unaffected

35

Payload Type with Timestamp Mismatch

Timestamp mismatch

Payload type still identified

36

Payload Type with High Bitrate

High bitrate stream

Payload type correctly parsed

37

Payload Type with Low Bitrate

Low bitrate stream

Payload type correctly parsed

38

Payload Type with Burst Traffic

RTP packets in bursts

Payload type correctly parsed

39

Payload Type with Real-Time Monitoring

RTP monitored live

Payload type logged accurately

40

Payload Type with Logging

Payload type logged

Correct payload type recorded

41

Payload Type with SDP Mapping

SDP maps dynamic payload

Payload type resolved via SDP

42

Payload Type with Codec Mismatch

Payload type doesn’t match codec

Error or warning generated

43

Payload Type with Unknown Codec

Unknown payload type

Payload marked as unknown

44

Payload Type with Multiple Codecs

Multiple payload types in stream

Each identified correctly

45

Payload Type with RTP Profile

RTP profile defines payloads

Payload type resolved via profile

46

Payload Type with Application Data

Payload type used for app data

Identified as application-specific

47

Payload Type with Experimental Use

Payload type in experimental range

Identified as experimental

48

Payload Type with Custom Codec

Custom codec used

Payload type resolved via signaling

49

Payload Type with Interleaving

Interleaved RTP packets

Payload type correctly parsed

50

Payload Type with Header Corruption

Corrupted RTP header

Payload type may be unreadable

Source Identification - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Valid SSRC

RTP packet contains valid SSRC

SSRC correctly identified

2

Unique SSRC

Each RTP stream has a unique SSRC

Streams are distinguishable

3

SSRC Collision

Two sources use same SSRC

Collision detected and resolved

4

SSRC Change Mid-Stream

SSRC changes during session

New source identified

5

SSRC with RTCP

RTCP packet matches RTP SSRC

Synchronization confirmed

6

SSRC with Multiple Streams

Multiple RTP streams with different SSRCs

Each stream identified separately

7

SSRC with Mixer

RTP mixer assigns new SSRC

Mixed stream identified correctly

8

SSRC with Translator

RTP translator preserves SSRC

Original source traceable

9

SSRC with Encryption

Encrypted RTP packet

SSRC decrypted and identified

10

SSRC with SRTP

Secure RTP used

SSRC integrity verified

11

SSRC with NAT

RTP through NAT

SSRC remains consistent

12

SSRC with Firewall

RTP through firewall

SSRC correctly parsed

13

SSRC with VPN

RTP over VPN

SSRC integrity maintained

14

SSRC with IPv6

RTP over IPv6

SSRC correctly parsed

15

SSRC with IPv4

RTP over IPv4

SSRC correctly parsed

16

SSRC with Packet Loss

Some packets lost

SSRC still identifiable

17

SSRC with Packet Reordering

Packets arrive out of order

SSRC correctly associated

18

SSRC with Duplicate Packets

Duplicate RTP packets

SSRC remains consistent

19

SSRC with Delay

Delayed packets

SSRC correctly parsed

20

SSRC with Jitter

Jitter in network

SSRC unaffected

21

SSRC with Timestamp Mismatch

Timestamp mismatch

SSRC still valid

22

SSRC with Payload Change

Payload type changes

SSRC remains same

23

SSRC with Marker Bit

Marker bit set

SSRC unaffected

24

SSRC with Extension Header

RTP extension present

SSRC correctly parsed

25

SSRC with RTCP BYE

RTCP BYE received

SSRC marked as inactive

26

SSRC with RTCP SR

RTCP Sender Report received

SSRC matched with RTP

27

SSRC with RTCP RR

RTCP Receiver Report received

SSRC matched with RTP

28

SSRC with RTCP SDES

RTCP SDES provides CNAME

SSRC mapped to user

29

SSRC with RTCP APP

RTCP APP packet received

SSRC correctly parsed

30

SSRC with Multicast

RTP over multicast

SSRC identifies source

31

SSRC with Unicast

RTP over unicast

SSRC identifies source

32

SSRC with Clock Drift

Sender clock drift

SSRC unaffected

33

SSRC with Session Restart

RTP session restarted

New SSRC assigned

34

SSRC with Session Timeout

No packets for timeout period

SSRC marked as expired

35

SSRC with High Bitrate

High bitrate stream

SSRC correctly parsed

36

SSRC with Low Bitrate

Low bitrate stream

SSRC correctly parsed

37

SSRC with Burst Traffic

RTP packets in bursts

SSRC correctly parsed

38

SSRC with Silence Suppression

Silence periods skipped

SSRC continuity maintained

39

SSRC with DTMF Events

DTMF tones sent

SSRC identifies source

40

SSRC with Comfort Noise

Comfort noise packets

SSRC correctly parsed

41

SSRC with FEC

Forward Error Correction used

SSRC identifies original stream

42

SSRC with RED

Redundant encoding used

SSRC identifies original stream

43

SSRC with Application Data

Application-specific RTP

SSRC identifies source

44

SSRC with Logging

SSRC logged for diagnostics

SSRC recorded accurately

45

SSRC with Real-Time Monitoring

RTP monitored live

SSRC used for stream tracking

46

SSRC with SDP Mapping

SSRC mapped via SDP

SSRC resolved correctly

47

SSRC with Unknown Source

Unknown SSRC received

New source identified

48

SSRC with Multiple Codecs

Multiple codecs in session

SSRC used to separate streams

49

SSRC with RTP Profile

RTP profile defines behavior

SSRC interpreted accordingly

50

SSRC with Experimental Use

Experimental RTP stream

SSRC still uniquely identifies source

Contribution Sourcr List - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Validate single CSRC entry

Send RTP packet with one CSRC

CSRC list contains one SSRC

2

Validate multiple CSRC entries

Send RTP packet with multiple CSRCs

All SSRCs appear in CSRC list

3

Validate empty CSRC list

Send RTP packet with no CSRC

CSRC list is empty

4

Validate max CSRC entries

Send RTP packet with 15 CSRCs

All 15 SSRCs are listed

5

Validate CSRC with duplicate SSRCs

Send RTP packet with repeated SSRCs

Duplicates are ignored

6

Validate CSRC with invalid SSRC

Send RTP packet with malformed SSRC

Packet is rejected or ignored

7

Validate CSRC update on new source

Add new SSRC mid-session

New SSRC appears in CSRC list

8

Validate CSRC removal on timeout

Remove SSRC after inactivity

Timed-out SSRC is removed

9

Validate CSRC with mixed valid/invalid SSRCs

Send RTP with both valid and invalid SSRCs

Only valid SSRCs are listed

10

Validate CSRC on SSRC collision

Simulate SSRC collision

Collision is handled gracefully

11

Validate CSRC with RTP header extension

Include CSRC and header extension

CSRC is parsed correctly

12

Validate CSRC with encrypted RTP

Encrypt RTP stream

CSRC remains accessible

13

Validate CSRC with reordered packets

Send RTP packets out of order

CSRC list remains consistent

14

Validate CSRC with packet loss

Drop some RTP packets

CSRC list remains accurate

15

Validate CSRC with jitter

Introduce jitter in RTP stream

CSRC list remains stable

16

Validate CSRC with retransmissions

Retransmit RTP packets

No duplicate SSRCs in CSRC list

17

Validate CSRC with RTCP feedback

Send RTCP reports

CSRC list updates accordingly

18

Validate CSRC on SSRC leave

Remove SSRC from session

SSRC is removed from CSRC list

19

Validate CSRC on SSRC join

Add SSRC to session

SSRC is added to CSRC list

20

Validate CSRC with malformed RTP

Send corrupted RTP packet

CSRC list is not updated

21

Validate CSRC over TCP

Send RTP over TCP

CSRC list is maintained

22

Validate CSRC over UDP

Send RTP over UDP

CSRC list is maintained

23

Validate CSRC over TLS

Send RTP over TLS

CSRC list is maintained

24

Validate CSRC over WebRTC

Send RTP via WebRTC

CSRC list is maintained

25

Validate CSRC with RTP muxing

Use RTP muxing

CSRC identifies all sources

26

Validate CSRC on SSRC switch

Change SSRC mid-session

CSRC list reflects new SSRC

27

Validate CSRC on stream pause/resume

Pause and resume RTP stream

CSRC list remains consistent

28

Validate CSRC on mute/unmute

Mute and unmute RTP stream

CSRC list remains consistent

29

Validate CSRC on stream redirection

Redirect RTP stream

CSRC list updates accordingly

30

Validate CSRC on stream duplication

Duplicate RTP stream

No duplicate SSRCs in CSRC list

31

Validate CSRC from unknown source

Send RTP from unknown SSRC

Unknown SSRC is flagged

32

Validate CSRC with IPv6

Send RTP from IPv6 SSRC

CSRC list supports IPv6

33

Validate CSRC with IPv4

Send RTP from IPv4 SSRC

CSRC list supports IPv4

34

Validate CSRC with delayed stream

Delay RTP packets

CSRC list updates after delay

35

Validate CSRC with burst traffic

Send RTP in bursts

CSRC list handles burst correctly

36

Validate CSRC behind NAT

Send RTP from NATed SSRC

CSRC list handles NAT traversal

37

Validate CSRC over VPN

Send RTP from VPN

CSRC list handles VPN routing

38

Validate CSRC on mobile network

Send RTP from mobile

CSRC list handles mobile jitter

39

Validate CSRC on Wi-Fi

Send RTP over Wi-Fi

CSRC list handles Wi-Fi variability

40

Validate CSRC on wired network

Send RTP over LAN

CSRC list handles wired stream

41

Validate CSRC from satellite

Send RTP from satellite

CSRC list handles high latency

42

Validate CSRC from multiple devices

Send RTP from multiple devices

CSRC aggregates all SSRCs

43

Validate CSRC from same device, different apps

Use two apps on same device

CSRC distinguishes sources

44

Validate CSRC from same app, different users

Use same app with different users

CSRC distinguishes users

45

Validate CSRC with simulcast

Send simulcast RTP streams

CSRC handles simulcast correctly

46

Validate CSRC with layered encoding

Use SVC or similar

CSRC handles layers correctly

47

Validate CSRC from transcoder

Send RTP from transcoder

CSRC reflects transcoded SSRC

48

Validate CSRC from mixer

Send RTP from audio mixer

CSRC includes all contributors

49

Validate CSRC from relay

Send RTP via relay

CSRC reflects original SSRCs

50

Validate CSRC from SFU

Send RTP via SFU

CSRC includes all forwarded SSRCs

Header Extension - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Validate presence of header extension

Send RTP packet with header extension

Header extension is detected

2

Validate absence of header extension

Send RTP packet without header extension

No header extension is detected

3

Validate multiple header extensions

Send RTP packet with multiple header extensions

All header extensions are parsed

4

Validate header extension with valid ID

Use a valid extension ID in RTP header

Extension is accepted

5

Validate header extension with invalid ID

Use an invalid extension ID

Extension is ignored or rejected

6

Validate header extension with maximum length

Send extension with maximum allowed length

Extension is parsed correctly

7

Validate header extension with zero length

Send extension with zero length

Extension is ignored

8

Validate header extension with padding

Send extension with padding bytes

Padding is handled correctly

9

Validate header extension with one-byte format

Use one-byte header extension format

Extension is parsed correctly

10

Validate header extension with two-byte format

Use two-byte header extension format

Extension is parsed correctly

11

Validate header extension parsing order

Send multiple extensions in specific order

Order is preserved

12

Validate header extension with unknown ID

Send extension with unknown ID

Extension is ignored

13

Validate header extension with encrypted RTP

Send encrypted RTP with extension

Extension is still accessible

14

Validate header extension with reordered packets

Send RTP packets out of order

Extensions are parsed correctly

15

Validate header extension with packet loss

Drop some RTP packets

Extensions in received packets are parsed

16

Validate header extension with jitter

Introduce jitter in RTP stream

Extensions are parsed correctly

17

Validate header extension with retransmissions

Retransmit RTP packets

No duplicate extensions are parsed

18

Validate header extension with RTCP feedback

Send RTCP reports

Extensions are unaffected

19

Validate header extension with malformed data

Send extension with malformed content

Extension is ignored

20

Validate header extension with RTP over TCP

Send RTP over TCP

Extensions are parsed correctly

21

Validate header extension with RTP over UDP

Send RTP over UDP

Extensions are parsed correctly

22

Validate header extension with RTP over TLS

Send RTP over TLS

Extensions are parsed correctly

23

Validate header extension with RTP over WebRTC

Send RTP via WebRTC

Extensions are parsed correctly

24

Validate header extension with muxed RTP

Use RTP muxing

Extensions are parsed correctly

25

Validate header extension with SSRC change

Change SSRC mid-session

Extensions are still parsed

26

Validate header extension with stream pause/resume

Pause and resume RTP stream

Extensions are parsed correctly

27

Validate header extension with mute/unmute

Mute and unmute RTP stream

Extensions are parsed correctly

28

Validate header extension with stream redirection

Redirect RTP stream

Extensions are parsed correctly

29

Validate header extension with stream duplication

Duplicate RTP stream

No duplicate extensions are parsed

30

Validate header extension from unknown source

Send RTP from unknown SSRC

Extensions are parsed correctly

31

Validate header extension with IPv6

Send RTP from IPv6 source

Extensions are parsed correctly

32

Validate header extension with IPv4

Send RTP from IPv4 source

Extensions are parsed correctly

33

Validate header extension with delayed stream

Delay RTP packets

Extensions are parsed correctly

34

Validate header extension with burst traffic

Send RTP in bursts

Extensions are parsed correctly

35

Validate header extension behind NAT

Send RTP from NATed source

Extensions are parsed correctly

36

Validate header extension over VPN

Send RTP from VPN

Extensions are parsed correctly

37

Validate header extension on mobile network

Send RTP from mobile

Extensions are parsed correctly

38

Validate header extension on Wi-Fi

Send RTP over Wi-Fi

Extensions are parsed correctly

39

Validate header extension on wired network

Send RTP over LAN

Extensions are parsed correctly

40

Validate header extension from satellite

Send RTP from satellite

Extensions are parsed correctly

41

Validate header extension from multiple devices

Send RTP from multiple devices

Extensions are parsed correctly

42

Validate header extension from same device, different apps

Use two apps on same device

Extensions are parsed correctly

43

Validate header extension from same app, different users

Use same app with different users

Extensions are parsed correctly

44

Validate header extension with simulcast

Send simulcast RTP streams

Extensions are parsed correctly

45

Validate header extension with layered encoding

Use SVC or similar

Extensions are parsed correctly

46

Validate header extension from transcoder

Send RTP from transcoder

Extensions are parsed correctly

47

Validate header extension from mixer

Send RTP from audio mixer

Extensions are parsed correctly

48

Validate header extension from relay

Send RTP via relay

Extensions are parsed correctly

49

Validate header extension from SFU

Send RTP via SFU

Extensions are parsed correctly

50

Validate header extension with dynamic update

Update extension mid-session

New extension is parsed correctly

Support for Multicast and Unicast - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Test basic multicast stream

Send RTP stream to multicast group

All group members receive stream

2

Test basic unicast stream

Send RTP stream to single client

Only target client receives stream

3

Test multicast join

Client joins multicast group

Client starts receiving RTP packets

4

Test multicast leave

Client leaves multicast group

Client stops receiving RTP packets

5

Test unicast to multiple clients

Send unicast to multiple clients

Each client receives separate stream

6

Test multicast with IGMPv2

Join multicast using IGMPv2

Stream is received successfully

7

Test multicast with IGMPv3

Join multicast using IGMPv3

Stream is received successfully

8

Test multicast with TTL = 1

Send multicast with TTL=1

Only local subnet receives stream

9

Test multicast with TTL = 0

Send multicast with TTL=0

Stream is not forwarded

10

Test multicast with TTL = 255

Send multicast with TTL=255

Stream reaches all allowed hops

11

Test unicast with NAT

Send unicast through NAT

Stream is received with NAT traversal

12

Test multicast with NAT

Send multicast through NAT

Stream is blocked or dropped

13

Test multicast with firewall

Block multicast port

Stream is not received

14

Test unicast with firewall

Allow unicast port

Stream is received

15

Test multicast with packet loss

Simulate packet loss

Stream quality degrades

16

Test unicast with packet loss

Simulate packet loss

Stream quality degrades

17

Test multicast with jitter

Introduce jitter

Stream is received with delay

18

Test unicast with jitter

Introduce jitter

Stream is received with delay

19

Test multicast with encryption

Encrypt RTP stream

Stream is received and decrypted

20

Test unicast with encryption

Encrypt RTP stream

Stream is received and decrypted

21

Test multicast with RTCP

Send RTCP reports

Reports are aggregated

22

Test unicast with RTCP

Send RTCP reports

Reports are per client

23

Test multicast with IPv6

Send multicast over IPv6

Stream is received

24

Test unicast with IPv6

Send unicast over IPv6

Stream is received

25

Test multicast with IPv4

Send multicast over IPv4

Stream is received

26

Test unicast with IPv4

Send unicast over IPv4

Stream is received

27

Test multicast with multiple sources

Send from multiple sources

All sources are received

28

Test unicast with multiple sources

Send from multiple sources

All streams are received

29

Test multicast with stream pause

Pause stream

Clients stop receiving

30

Test unicast with stream pause

Pause stream

Client stops receiving

31

Test multicast with stream resume

Resume stream

Clients resume receiving

32

Test unicast with stream resume

Resume stream

Client resumes receiving

33

Test multicast with stream redirection

Redirect stream

Clients receive from new source

34

Test unicast with stream redirection

Redirect stream

Client receives from new source

35

Test multicast with burst traffic

Send burst packets

Clients handle burst

36

Test unicast with burst traffic

Send burst packets

Client handles burst

37

Test multicast with mobile client

Join from mobile

Stream is received

38

Test unicast with mobile client

Send to mobile

Stream is received

39

Test multicast with Wi-Fi

Join from Wi-Fi

Stream is received

40

Test unicast with Wi-Fi

Send to Wi-Fi

Stream is received

41

Test multicast with wired LAN

Join from LAN

Stream is received

42

Test unicast with wired LAN

Send to LAN

Stream is received

43

Test multicast with VPN

Join from VPN

Stream may be blocked

44

Test unicast with VPN

Send to VPN

Stream is received

45

Test multicast with SFU

Use SFU to forward multicast

Stream is forwarded

46

Test unicast with SFU

Use SFU to forward unicast

Stream is forwarded

47

Test multicast with relay

Use relay for multicast

Stream is forwarded

48

Test unicast with relay

Use relay for unicast

Stream is forwarded

49

Test multicast with congestion

Simulate network congestion

Stream quality degrades

50

Test unicast with congestion

Simulate network congestion

Stream quality degrades

Works with RTCP - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Validate RTCP Sender Report

Send RTP with RTCP SR

Receiver receives valid SR

2

Validate RTCP Receiver Report

Send RTP with RTCP RR

Sender receives valid RR

3

Validate RTCP SDES packet

Send RTCP SDES info

SDES info is parsed correctly

4

Validate RTCP BYE packet

Send RTCP BYE

Session ends gracefully

5

Validate RTCP APP packet

Send RTCP APP packet

Application-specific data is handled

6

Validate RTCP interval timing

Check RTCP interval

RTCP packets sent at correct intervals

7

Validate RTCP with encryption

Encrypt RTCP packets

RTCP is decrypted and parsed

8

Validate RTCP with packet loss

Simulate RTP loss

RTCP reports reflect loss

9

Validate RTCP with jitter

Introduce jitter

RTCP reports reflect jitter

10

Validate RTCP with delay

Delay RTP packets

RTCP reports reflect delay

11

Validate RTCP with multiple SSRCs

Use multiple sources

RTCP handles all SSRCs

12

Validate RTCP with SSRC collision

Simulate SSRC conflict

RTCP resolves collision

13

Validate RTCP with NAT traversal

Send through NAT

RTCP reaches destination

14

Validate RTCP with firewall

Block RTCP port

RTCP is dropped or rerouted

15

Validate RTCP with IPv4

Use IPv4 transport

RTCP is transmitted correctly

16

Validate RTCP with IPv6

Use IPv6 transport

RTCP is transmitted correctly

17

Validate RTCP with RTP muxing

Use RTP/RTCP mux

RTCP is demuxed correctly

18

Validate RTCP with SRTP

Use secure RTP

RTCP is secured and parsed

19

Validate RTCP with RTCP-XR

Send extended reports

RTCP-XR is parsed correctly

20

Validate RTCP with mobile network

Use mobile data

RTCP is transmitted reliably

21

Validate RTCP with Wi-Fi

Use Wi-Fi

RTCP is transmitted reliably

22

Validate RTCP with wired LAN

Use Ethernet

RTCP is transmitted reliably

23

Validate RTCP with VPN

Use VPN tunnel

RTCP is transmitted securely

24

Validate RTCP with SFU

Use SFU in path

RTCP is forwarded correctly

25

Validate RTCP with relay

Use relay server

RTCP is relayed correctly

26

Validate RTCP with simulcast

Use simulcast streams

RTCP handles all layers

27

Validate RTCP with SVC

Use scalable video

RTCP handles all layers

28

Validate RTCP with burst traffic

Send RTP bursts

RTCP reflects burst stats

29

Validate RTCP with muted stream

Mute RTP stream

RTCP still reports session

30

Validate RTCP with paused stream

Pause RTP stream

RTCP continues reporting

31

Validate RTCP with resumed stream

Resume RTP stream

RTCP reflects resumed stats

32

Validate RTCP with stream redirection

Redirect RTP

RTCP follows new path

33

Validate RTCP with stream duplication

Duplicate RTP

RTCP handles duplicates

34

Validate RTCP with unknown SSRC

Send unknown SSRC

RTCP ignores or flags it

35

Validate RTCP with malformed packet

Corrupt RTCP packet

Packet is dropped

36

Validate RTCP with large payload

Send large RTCP packet

Packet is handled correctly

37

Validate RTCP with minimal payload

Send minimal RTCP

Packet is accepted

38

Validate RTCP with RTSP

Use RTSP signaling

RTCP is integrated

39

Validate RTCP with SIP

Use SIP signaling

RTCP is integrated

40

Validate RTCP with congestion

Simulate congestion

RTCP reflects network stats

41

Validate RTCP with QoS monitoring

Enable QoS

RTCP provides metrics

42

Validate RTCP with timestamp drift

Introduce drift

RTCP reports sync issues

43

Validate RTCP with clock skew

Simulate skew

RTCP compensates

44

Validate RTCP with RTP retransmission

Enable RTX

RTCP reflects retransmits

45

Validate RTCP with feedback messages

Use RTCP feedback

Feedback is parsed

46

Validate RTCP with NACK

Send NACK

Packet loss is reported

47

Validate RTCP with PLI

Send PLI

Keyframe is requested

48

Validate RTCP with FIR

Send FIR

Full intra-frame is requested

49

Validate RTCP with REMB

Send REMB

Bandwidth is adjusted

50

Validate RTCP with TMMBR

Send TMMBR

Bitrate is adjusted

Codec Agnostic - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Validate RTP with H.264 codec

Send RTP stream using H.264

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

2

Validate RTP with VP8 codec

Send RTP stream using VP8

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

3

Validate RTP with VP9 codec

Send RTP stream using VP9

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

4

Validate RTP with AV1 codec

Send RTP stream using AV1

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

5

Validate RTP with Opus codec

Send RTP stream using Opus

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

6

Validate RTP with G.711 codec

Send RTP stream using G.711

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

7

Validate RTP with G.729 codec

Send RTP stream using G.729

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

8

Validate RTP with AAC codec

Send RTP stream using AAC

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

9

Validate RTP with MP3 codec

Send RTP stream using MP3

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

10

Validate RTP with PCM codec

Send RTP stream using PCM

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

11

Validate RTP with unknown codec

Send RTP stream with unknown codec

RTP stream is transmitted without codec dependency

12

Validate RTP with codec switch mid-session

Switch codec during session

RTP continues without interruption

13

Validate RTP with multiple codecs

Use multiple codecs in session

RTP handles all codecs

14

Validate RTP with codec negotiation

Perform codec negotiation

RTP adapts to selected codec

15

Validate RTP with codec mismatch

Use different codecs on sender/receiver

RTP stream is transmitted, decoding may fail

16

Validate RTP with codec fallback

Fallback to secondary codec

RTP stream continues

17

Validate RTP with codec upgrade

Upgrade codec mid-session

RTP stream continues

18

Validate RTP with codec downgrade

Downgrade codec mid-session

RTP stream continues

19

Validate RTP with codec-specific payload

Send codec-specific payload

RTP handles payload correctly

20

Validate RTP with dynamic payload type

Use dynamic payload types

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

21

Validate RTP with static payload type

Use static payload types

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

22

Validate RTP with codec over UDP

Send RTP over UDP

RTP stream is codec agnostic

23

Validate RTP with codec over TCP

Send RTP over TCP

RTP stream is codec agnostic

24

Validate RTP with codec over TLS

Send RTP over TLS

RTP stream is codec agnostic

25

Validate RTP with codec over WebRTC

Send RTP via WebRTC

RTP stream is codec agnostic

26

Validate RTP with codec over SRTP

Send RTP via SRTP

RTP stream is codec agnostic

27

Validate RTP with codec over VPN

Send RTP via VPN

RTP stream is codec agnostic

28

Validate RTP with codec over NAT

Send RTP through NAT

RTP stream is codec agnostic

29

Validate RTP with codec over firewall

Send RTP through firewall

RTP stream is codec agnostic

30

Validate RTP with codec over mobile network

Send RTP via mobile

RTP stream is codec agnostic

31

Validate RTP with codec over Wi-Fi

Send RTP via Wi-Fi

RTP stream is codec agnostic

32

Validate RTP with codec over LAN

Send RTP via LAN

RTP stream is codec agnostic

33

Validate RTP with codec over satellite

Send RTP via satellite

RTP stream is codec agnostic

34

Validate RTP with codec under jitter

Introduce jitter

RTP stream is codec agnostic

35

Validate RTP with codec under packet loss

Simulate packet loss

RTP stream is codec agnostic

36

Validate RTP with codec under delay

Introduce delay

RTP stream is codec agnostic

37

Validate RTP with codec under congestion

Simulate congestion

RTP stream is codec agnostic

38

Validate RTP with codec in multicast

Send RTP via multicast

RTP stream is codec agnostic

39

Validate RTP with codec in unicast

Send RTP via unicast

RTP stream is codec agnostic

40

Validate RTP with codec in SFU

Use SFU for forwarding

RTP stream is codec agnostic

41

Validate RTP with codec in relay

Use relay server

RTP stream is codec agnostic

42

Validate RTP with codec in mixer

Use media mixer

RTP stream is codec agnostic

43

Validate RTP with codec in transcoder

Use transcoder

RTP stream is codec agnostic

44

Validate RTP with codec in recording

Record RTP stream

RTP stream is codec agnostic

45

Validate RTP with codec in playback

Play RTP stream

RTP stream is codec agnostic

46

Validate RTP with codec in conferencing

Use in video conference

RTP stream is codec agnostic

47

Validate RTP with codec in broadcasting

Use in live broadcast

RTP stream is codec agnostic

48

Validate RTP with codec in surveillance

Use in CCTV system

RTP stream is codec agnostic

49

Validate RTP with codec in gaming

Use in game streaming

RTP stream is codec agnostic

50

Validate RTP with codec in education

Use in e-learning

RTP stream is codec agnostic

Transport Flexibility - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

RTP over UDP

Send RTP stream over UDP

RTP packets are transmitted successfully

2

RTP over TCP

Send RTP stream over TCP

RTP packets are transmitted successfully

3

RTP over TLS

Send RTP stream over TLS

RTP packets are encrypted and transmitted

4

RTP over WebRTC

Send RTP stream via WebRTC

RTP packets are transmitted with WebRTC signaling

5

RTP over QUIC

Send RTP stream over QUIC

RTP packets are transmitted with low latency

6

RTP over SCTP

Send RTP stream over SCTP

RTP packets are transmitted reliably

7

RTP over HTTP/2

Send RTP stream over HTTP/2

RTP packets are tunneled successfully

8

RTP over VPN

Send RTP stream through VPN

RTP packets are transmitted securely

9

RTP over NAT

Send RTP stream through NAT

RTP packets traverse NAT successfully

10

RTP over firewall

Send RTP stream through firewall

RTP packets are allowed through firewall rules

11

RTP over proxy

Send RTP stream via proxy server

RTP packets are routed correctly

12

RTP over mobile network

Send RTP stream via 4G/5G

RTP packets are transmitted with adaptive bitrate

13

RTP over satellite

Send RTP stream via satellite link

RTP packets are transmitted with high latency

14

RTP over Wi-Fi

Send RTP stream over Wi-Fi

RTP packets are transmitted with variable jitter

15

RTP over Ethernet

Send RTP stream over wired LAN

RTP packets are transmitted with low jitter

16

RTP over IPv4

Send RTP stream using IPv4

RTP packets are transmitted successfully

17

RTP over IPv6

Send RTP stream using IPv6

RTP packets are transmitted successfully

18

RTP over dual stack

Send RTP stream using IPv4/IPv6 dual stack

RTP packets are transmitted over both protocols

19

RTP with transport switching

Switch transport mid-session

RTP stream continues without interruption

20

RTP with fallback transport

Fallback to alternate transport on failure

RTP stream resumes on fallback transport

21

RTP with multiplexing

Use RTP multiplexing over single port

Multiple RTP streams are transmitted successfully

22

RTP with demultiplexing

Separate RTP streams from multiplexed transport

Streams are correctly identified

23

RTP with congestion control

Simulate network congestion

RTP adapts bitrate and transport

24

RTP with packet loss recovery

Simulate packet loss

RTP uses retransmission or FEC

25

RTP with jitter buffering

Introduce jitter

RTP stream is smoothed by buffer

26

RTP with encryption

Encrypt RTP stream

RTP packets are secure and readable

27

RTP with authentication

Authenticate RTP source

RTP packets are verified

28

RTP with transport header extension

Add transport-specific header

RTP packets are parsed correctly

29

RTP with transport QoS tagging

Tag RTP packets with QoS

Network prioritizes RTP traffic

30

RTP with DSCP marking

Mark RTP packets with DSCP

RTP packets are prioritized in network

31

RTP with SRTP over UDP

Send SRTP over UDP

Encrypted RTP packets are transmitted

32

RTP with SRTP over TCP

Send SRTP over TCP

Encrypted RTP packets are transmitted

33

RTP with SRTP over TLS

Send SRTP over TLS

Encrypted RTP packets are secure

34

RTP with DTLS transport

Use DTLS for RTP transport

RTP packets are encrypted and transmitted

35

RTP with ICE negotiation

Use ICE for transport selection

RTP transport is negotiated successfully

36

RTP with STUN traversal

Use STUN for NAT traversal

RTP packets traverse NAT

37

RTP with TURN relay

Use TURN server for transport

RTP packets are relayed successfully

38

RTP with transport redundancy

Use redundant transport paths

RTP stream is resilient to failure

39

RTP with transport monitoring

Monitor transport metrics

RTP transport stats are collected

40

RTP with transport adaptation

Adapt transport based on network

RTP switches to optimal transport

41

RTP with transport error handling

Simulate transport error

RTP handles error gracefully

42

RTP with transport timeout

Simulate transport timeout

RTP retries or switches transport

43

RTP with transport delay

Introduce transport delay

RTP stream compensates for delay

44

RTP with transport burst

Send RTP in bursts

RTP stream handles burst traffic

45

RTP with transport fragmentation

Fragment RTP packets

RTP packets are reassembled correctly

46

RTP with transport aggregation

Aggregate RTP packets

RTP packets are transmitted efficiently

47

RTP with transport prioritization

Prioritize RTP over other traffic

RTP packets are transmitted with priority

48

RTP with transport scheduling

Schedule RTP transmission

RTP packets follow schedule

49

RTP with transport logging

Log transport activity

RTP transport logs are generated

50

RTP with transport simulation

Simulate various transport types

RTP adapts to simulated conditions

Extensibility - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Validate custom RTP header extension

Add custom header field

RTP packet includes custom field

2

Validate dynamic payload type support

Use dynamic payload types

RTP handles them correctly

3

Validate new codec integration

Add new codec to RTP stream

RTP transmits without issues

4

Validate RTP with new transport protocol

Use RTP over QUIC

RTP adapts to new transport

5

Validate RTP with new encryption scheme

Use custom encryption

RTP packets are encrypted/decrypted

6

Validate RTP with new RTCP feedback

Add new RTCP feedback type

RTP handles feedback correctly

7

Validate RTP with new media type

Add support for 3D video

RTP transmits new media type

8

Validate RTP with new clock rate

Use non-standard clock rate

RTP timestamps are accurate

9

Validate RTP with new synchronization method

Use custom sync method

RTP syncs streams correctly

10

Validate RTP with new jitter buffer algorithm

Implement custom jitter buffer

RTP playback is smooth

11

Validate RTP with new congestion control

Add new congestion control logic

RTP adapts to network conditions

12

Validate RTP with new FEC mechanism

Add custom FEC

RTP recovers lost packets

13

Validate RTP with new retransmission logic

Implement custom RTX

RTP handles retransmissions

14

Validate RTP with new multiplexing scheme

Use new muxing logic

RTP demuxes correctly

15

Validate RTP with new header compression

Add custom compression

RTP headers are compressed

16

Validate RTP with new signaling protocol

Use custom signaling

RTP session is established

17

Validate RTP with new NAT traversal method

Use custom NAT traversal

RTP reaches peer

18

Validate RTP with new QoS tagging

Add new DSCP values

RTP packets are prioritized

19

Validate RTP with new timestamp format

Use extended timestamp

RTP syncs correctly

20

Validate RTP with new SSRC allocation

Use custom SSRC logic

RTP identifies sources

21

Validate RTP with new media switching logic

Implement codec switching

RTP switches seamlessly

22

Validate RTP with new error correction

Add new error correction

RTP handles errors

23

Validate RTP with new stream prioritization

Prioritize streams

RTP sends high-priority first

24

Validate RTP with new payload format

Define new payload format

RTP parses correctly

25

Validate RTP with new transport profile

Use custom RTP profile

RTP conforms to profile

26

Validate RTP with new encryption key exchange

Use custom key exchange

RTP secures stream

27

Validate RTP with new authentication method

Add custom auth

RTP verifies packets

28

Validate RTP with new session control

Use custom session control

RTP session is managed

29

Validate RTP with new media adaptation

Adapt to resolution change

RTP adjusts stream

30

Validate RTP with new stream labeling

Add stream labels

RTP identifies streams

31

Validate RTP with new metadata format

Add custom metadata

RTP includes metadata

32

Validate RTP with new packet pacing

Implement pacing logic

RTP avoids congestion

33

Validate RTP with new timestamp wraparound handling

Handle wraparound

RTP syncs correctly

34

Validate RTP with new stream repair logic

Add repair packets

RTP recovers stream

35

Validate RTP with new stream monitoring

Add monitoring hooks

RTP stats are collected

36

Validate RTP with new stream analytics

Add analytics module

RTP usage is analyzed

37

Validate RTP with new stream recording

Add recording logic

RTP is stored

38

Validate RTP with new stream playback

Add playback support

RTP is replayed

39

Validate RTP with new stream mixing

Mix multiple streams

RTP outputs mixed stream

40

Validate RTP with new stream splitting

Split stream to clients

RTP delivers to all

41

Validate RTP with new stream forwarding

Forward stream via proxy

RTP reaches destination

42

Validate RTP with new stream duplication

Duplicate stream

RTP sends to multiple targets

43

Validate RTP with new stream filtering

Filter by codec

RTP sends only selected

44

Validate RTP with new stream tagging

Tag packets

RTP includes tags

45

Validate RTP with new stream scheduling

Schedule streams

RTP sends on schedule

46

Validate RTP with new stream prioritization

Prioritize by user

RTP sends VIP stream first

47

Validate RTP with new stream encryption per user

Encrypt per user

RTP secures each stream

48

Validate RTP with new stream routing

Route by region

RTP reaches correct region

49

Validate RTP with new stream adaptation to bandwidth

Adjust bitrate

RTP adapts stream

50

Validate RTP with new stream format negotiation

Negotiate format

RTP uses agreed format

Interoperability - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

RTP between different vendors

Send RTP between two vendor systems

RTP stream is received correctly

2

RTP between different codecs

Use different codecs on sender and receiver

RTP stream is decoded correctly

3

RTP between IPv4 and IPv6

Send RTP from IPv4 to IPv6 system

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

4

RTP between mobile and desktop

Send RTP from mobile to desktop

RTP stream is interoperable

5

RTP between Linux and Windows

Send RTP between Linux and Windows systems

RTP stream is received correctly

6

RTP between browser and native app

Send RTP from browser to native app

RTP stream is compatible

7

RTP between WebRTC and SIP

Send RTP between WebRTC and SIP endpoints

RTP stream is interoperable

8

RTP between encrypted and unencrypted streams

Mix SRTP and RTP

Encrypted stream is handled correctly

9

RTP with different payload types

Use different payload types

RTP stream is interpreted correctly

10

RTP with different clock rates

Use different clock rates

RTP stream is synchronized

11

RTP with different sampling rates

Use different audio sampling rates

RTP stream is decoded correctly

12

RTP with different packet sizes

Use varying packet sizes

RTP stream is processed correctly

13

RTP with different transport protocols

Use UDP and TCP

RTP stream is interoperable

14

RTP with different jitter buffers

Use different jitter buffer sizes

RTP stream is smooth

15

RTP with different RTCP implementations

Use different RTCP formats

RTCP feedback is interpreted correctly

16

RTP with different header extensions

Use custom header extensions

Extensions are parsed correctly

17

RTP with different SSRC formats

Use different SSRC values

RTP stream is identified correctly

18

RTP with different CSRC lists

Use different CSRC configurations

RTP stream is processed correctly

19

RTP with different media types

Use audio and video RTP streams

Both streams are handled correctly

20

RTP with different synchronization sources

Use different sync sources

RTP stream is synchronized

21

RTP with different session descriptions

Use different SDP formats

RTP session is established correctly

22

RTP with different NAT traversal methods

Use STUN, TURN, ICE

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

23

RTP with different encryption methods

Use DTLS, SRTP

RTP stream is secure and interoperable

24

RTP with different authentication methods

Use different auth schemes

RTP stream is verified

25

RTP with different media servers

Use different RTP media servers

RTP stream is routed correctly

26

RTP with different conferencing platforms

Use Zoom, Teams, Webex

RTP stream is interoperable

27

RTP with different network conditions

Simulate varying network conditions

RTP stream adapts correctly

28

RTP with different bandwidths

Use low and high bandwidth

RTP stream adjusts bitrate

29

RTP with different codecs in same session

Use multiple codecs

RTP stream is decoded correctly

30

RTP with transcoding

Transcode RTP stream mid-session

RTP stream is received correctly

31

RTP with simulcast

Use simulcast RTP streams

All streams are received correctly

32

RTP with layered encoding

Use SVC or similar

RTP layers are decoded correctly

33

RTP with different RTP profiles

Use AVP, SAVP

RTP stream is interpreted correctly

34

RTP with different media formats

Use H.264, VP8, Opus

RTP stream is decoded correctly

35

RTP with different timing models

Use different timestamp models

RTP stream is synchronized

36

RTP with different buffer strategies

Use adaptive buffering

RTP stream is smooth

37

RTP with different session control protocols

Use SIP, H.323

RTP stream is interoperable

38

RTP with different firewall configurations

Use strict and open firewalls

RTP stream is transmitted successfully

39

RTP with different QoS policies

Use different QoS settings

RTP stream is prioritized correctly

40

RTP with different DSCP markings

Use different DSCP values

RTP stream is routed correctly

41

RTP with different media gateways

Use different RTP gateways

RTP stream is forwarded correctly

42

RTP with different RTP libraries

Use different RTP implementations

RTP stream is interoperable

43

RTP with different RTP versions

Use RTP 1.0 and RTP 2.0

RTP stream is compatible

44

RTP with different RTP extensions

Use custom RTP extensions

RTP stream is parsed correctly

45

RTP with different session negotiation methods

Use manual and automatic negotiation

RTP session is established

46

RTP with different stream directions

Use sendonly, recvonly, sendrecv

RTP stream is handled correctly

47

RTP with different media capabilities

Use different codec capabilities

RTP stream is negotiated correctly

48

RTP with different stream priorities

Use priority tags

RTP stream is prioritized

49

RTP with different stream identifiers

Use different stream IDs

RTP stream is identified correctly

50

RTP with different error handling mechanisms

Use retry, fallback

RTP stream is resilient

Security via SRTP - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

SRTP encryption enabled

Enable SRTP on RTP stream

RTP packets are encrypted

2

SRTP decryption at receiver

Decrypt SRTP packets at receiver

RTP stream is decoded correctly

3

SRTP with AES-128 encryption

Use AES-128 for SRTP

Packets are encrypted with AES-128

4

SRTP with AES-256 encryption

Use AES-256 for SRTP

Packets are encrypted with AES-256

5

SRTP with HMAC-SHA1 authentication

Use HMAC-SHA1 for integrity

Packets are authenticated

6

SRTP with NULL cipher

Use NULL cipher for testing

Packets are transmitted unencrypted

7

SRTP with replay protection

Enable replay protection

Duplicate packets are discarded

8

SRTP with key rollover

Rotate encryption keys mid-session

Stream continues securely

9

SRTP with DTLS key exchange

Use DTLS for key negotiation

Keys are exchanged securely

10

SRTP with static key

Use pre-shared static key

Stream is encrypted and decrypted

11

SRTP with dynamic key

Use dynamic key exchange

Stream is encrypted and decrypted

12

SRTP with key mismatch

Use incorrect key at receiver

Decryption fails

13

SRTP with packet loss

Simulate packet loss

Stream remains secure

14

SRTP with jitter

Introduce jitter

Stream remains secure

15

SRTP with out-of-order packets

Send packets out of order

Stream is decrypted correctly

16

SRTP with malformed packets

Send corrupted SRTP packets

Packets are rejected

17

SRTP with header extension

Include RTP header extension

Extension is encrypted correctly

18

SRTP with RTCP encryption

Encrypt RTCP packets

RTCP packets are secure

19

SRTP with RTCP feedback

Send encrypted RTCP feedback

Feedback is received securely

20

SRTP with SSRC collision

Simulate SSRC collision

Stream remains secure

21

SRTP with multiple streams

Encrypt multiple RTP streams

All streams are secure

22

SRTP with simulcast

Use simulcast with SRTP

All simulcast streams are encrypted

23

SRTP with layered encoding

Use SVC with SRTP

All layers are encrypted

24

SRTP with NAT traversal

Use STUN/TURN with SRTP

Stream traverses NAT securely

25

SRTP with firewall

Send SRTP through firewall

Stream is transmitted securely

26

SRTP with VPN

Send SRTP over VPN

Stream is encrypted end-to-end

27

SRTP with IPv4

Use SRTP over IPv4

Stream is encrypted

28

SRTP with IPv6

Use SRTP over IPv6

Stream is encrypted

29

SRTP with transport switching

Switch transport mid-session

Encryption remains intact

30

SRTP with fallback transport

Fallback to alternate transport

Stream remains secure

31

SRTP with congestion

Simulate network congestion

Stream remains secure

32

SRTP with bandwidth variation

Vary bandwidth

Stream adapts securely

33

SRTP with authentication failure

Tamper with packet

Packet is rejected

34

SRTP with integrity check

Validate packet integrity

Packet is verified

35

SRTP with encryption overhead

Measure encryption impact

Acceptable latency observed

36

SRTP with RTP mixer

Use SRTP with mixer

Mixed stream is encrypted

37

SRTP with RTP relay

Use SRTP with relay

Relayed stream is encrypted

38

SRTP with SFU

Use SRTP with SFU

Forwarded streams are encrypted

39

SRTP with transcoder

Transcode encrypted stream

Stream is decrypted and re-encrypted

40

SRTP with media gateway

Use SRTP with gateway

Stream is encrypted end-to-end

41

SRTP with session renegotiation

Renegotiate session

Encryption is re-established

42

SRTP with session timeout

Simulate timeout

Session ends securely

43

SRTP with session resume

Resume session

Encryption resumes correctly

44

SRTP with key lifetime expiry

Expire key lifetime

New key is negotiated

45

SRTP with invalid cipher suite

Use unsupported cipher

Session fails to start

46

SRTP with secure SDP

Use SDP with crypto attributes

Keys are exchanged securely

47

SRTP with secure signaling

Use secure signaling (TLS)

Keys are protected

48

SRTP with secure media negotiation

Negotiate media securely

SRTP is established

49

SRTP with secure logging

Log encrypted stream activity

Logs do not expose content

50

SRTP with compliance check

Verify against RFC 3711

Implementation is compliant

Jitter Compensation - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Validate jitter buffer initialization

Start RTP session

Jitter buffer is initialized

2

Validate jitter buffer with no jitter

Send RTP with uniform delay

Playback is smooth

3

Validate jitter buffer with low jitter

Introduce 10ms jitter

Playback remains smooth

4

Validate jitter buffer with high jitter

Introduce 100ms jitter

Playback is adjusted

5

Validate jitter buffer with burst jitter

Send bursty RTP packets

Buffer compensates delay

6

Validate jitter buffer under packet reordering

Reorder RTP packets

Playback order is corrected

7

Validate jitter buffer with packet loss

Drop random packets

Playback continues with minimal disruption

8

Validate jitter buffer with delay spike

Introduce sudden delay

Buffer absorbs spike

9

Validate jitter buffer with clock drift

Simulate clock skew

Buffer adjusts timing

10

Validate jitter buffer with variable network delay

Vary delay dynamically

Buffer adapts in real-time

11

Validate jitter buffer with RTP over UDP

Send RTP via UDP

Buffer compensates jitter

12

Validate jitter buffer with RTP over TCP

Send RTP via TCP

Buffer handles delay variation

13

Validate jitter buffer with RTP over Wi-Fi

Use Wi-Fi network

Buffer smooths playback

14

Validate jitter buffer with RTP over mobile

Use mobile data

Buffer handles jitter spikes

15

Validate jitter buffer with RTP over VPN

Use VPN tunnel

Buffer compensates added delay

16

Validate jitter buffer with RTP over satellite

Use satellite link

Buffer handles high jitter

17

Validate jitter buffer with RTP over LAN

Use wired LAN

Minimal buffer adjustment needed

18

Validate jitter buffer with RTP over congested network

Simulate congestion

Buffer compensates delay

19

Validate jitter buffer with RTP pause/resume

Pause and resume stream

Buffer resumes smoothly

20

Validate jitter buffer with RTP mute/unmute

Mute and unmute stream

Buffer handles silence periods

21

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream redirection

Redirect stream

Buffer reinitializes correctly

22

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream duplication

Duplicate packets

Buffer discards duplicates

23

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream switching

Switch between sources

Buffer adapts to new stream

24

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream mixing

Mix multiple streams

Buffer handles mixed timing

25

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream splitting

Split stream to clients

Each buffer compensates independently

26

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream forwarding

Forward via SFU

Buffer compensates forwarded jitter

27

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream transcoding

Transcode mid-stream

Buffer adapts to new timing

28

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream encryption

Encrypt RTP

Buffer handles encrypted timing

29

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream decryption

Decrypt RTP

Buffer compensates post-decryption

30

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream recording

Record jittered stream

Playback is smooth

31

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream playback

Play recorded stream

Buffer compensates recorded jitter

32

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream under load

Simulate CPU load

Buffer maintains playback

33

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream under memory pressure

Simulate low memory

Buffer adapts size

34

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream under power saving

Enable power saving

Buffer maintains timing

35

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in browser

Use WebRTC

Buffer compensates jitter

36

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in native app

Use native client

Buffer compensates jitter

37

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in embedded device

Use IoT device

Buffer handles jitter

38

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in conferencing

Use in video call

Buffer ensures smooth playback

39

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in broadcasting

Use in live stream

Buffer compensates delay

40

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in surveillance

Use in CCTV

Buffer ensures real-time playback

41

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in gaming

Use in game stream

Buffer minimizes latency

42

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in education

Use in e-learning

Buffer ensures clarity

43

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in healthcare

Use in telemedicine

Buffer ensures reliability

44

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in finance

Use in trading platform

Buffer ensures low-latency playback

45

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in remote control

Use in drone control

Buffer minimizes delay

46

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in AR/VR

Use in immersive media

Buffer ensures sync

47

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in multi-language audio

Use multiple audio tracks

Buffer syncs all tracks

48

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in multi-camera setup

Use multiple video feeds

Buffer syncs feeds

49

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in hybrid cloud

Use cloud-edge setup

Buffer compensates network variance

50

Validate jitter buffer with RTP stream in 5G network

Use 5G transport

Buffer handles ultra-low latency

  • Reference links