LTE - Long Term Evaluation (4G)

What is LTE?

  • LTE is a 4th generation (4G) mobile communication standard developed by 3GPP as the evolution of UMTS. It offers significantly higher data rates, lower latency, and improved spectral efficiency. LTE uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for downlink and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) for uplink.

Why is LTE useful?

  • LTE brought major advancements over UMTS, including: * Higher Data Rates – Up to 100 Mbps (DL) and 50 Mbps (UL), even higher with LTE-Advanced. * Low Latency – Round-trip times under 10 ms, enabling real-time applications. * All-IP Architecture – Voice, video, and data are all transmitted over IP. * Improved Spectral Efficiency – Better use of available bandwidth. * Scalability – Supports bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz. * Seamless Handover – Between LTE and legacy networks (UMTS/GSM).

How it works?

  • UE Attachment – The device connects to the LTE network and authenticates via the MME.

  • Bearer Setup – The MME and Serving Gateway (SGW) establish data bearers.

  • Data Transmission – Data flows over the air via the eNodeB using OFDMA/SC-FDMA.

  • Mobility Management – The MME handles handovers and tracking area updates.

  • Session Termination – Bearers are released when the session ends.

Where is LTE used?

  • 4G Mobile Networks – For high-speed internet, VoLTE, and streaming.

  • Fallback for 5G – When 5G coverage is unavailable.

  • IoT and M2M – Especially with LTE-M and NB-IoT variants.

  • Fixed Wireless Access – Broadband in rural or underserved areas.

Which OSI layer does LTE belong to?

  • LTE spans multiple OSI layers, but its core control and signaling functions are implemented at Layer 3: * NAS (Non-Access Stratum) – Handles mobility and session management between UE and MME. * RRC (Radio Resource Control) – Manages radio bearers, handovers, and measurements. * GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) – Used for bearer management and data tunneling. * Mobility Management Entity (MME) – Operates at Layer 3 to manage signaling and mobility. * Protocol Stack – LTE includes PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP (Layers 1–2), and RRC/NAS (Layer 3), with Layer 3 being central for control plane operations.

Topics in this section,

  • In this section, you are going to learn

  • Terminology

  • Version Info

LTE Version

LTE Number/3GPP Spec Number

Year

Core Idea / Contribution

LTE (Initial)

Release 8

2008

First LTE standard: OFDMA (DL), SC-FDMA (UL), MIMO, all-IP architecture, 300 Mbps DL

LTE Enhancements

Release 9

2009

Public Warning System (CMAS), Femto cells, SON, eMBMS, improved beamforming

LTE-Advanced

Release 10

2011

Carrier Aggregation, 1 Gbps DL, 500 Mbps UL, enhanced MIMO, backward compatibility

LTE-Advanced Pro

Release 11

2012

CoMP (Coordinated Multipoint), HetNets, in-device coexistence, IP service enhancements

LTE-Advanced Pro+

Release 12

2015

Enhanced small cells, 3D MIMO, D2D communication, LTE Cat-0 for IoT, eMBMS improvements

Pre-5G LTE

Release 13

2016

LTE-U/LAA, LTE-M, NB-IoT, indoor positioning, Full Dimension MIMO

LTE Evolution

Release 14

2017

V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), further NB-IoT enhancements, 5G prep work

  • Setup

  • Setup

NAS Attach Request Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

1

NAS Attach Request

UE initiates connection to LTE network

~20-40

EPS Attach Type

Type of attach (e.g., EPS only, combined)

1

NAS Key Set Identifier

Identifies security context

1

IMSI

International Mobile Subscriber Identity

8

UE Network Capabilities

Supported encryption/integrity algorithms

816

ESM Message Container

Embedded session management message

1020

NAS Authentication Request Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

2

NAS Authentication Request

MME challenges UE for authentication

~30-50

Message Type

Identifies NAS message type

1

RAND

Random challenge value

16

AUTN

Authentication token

16

NAS Key Set Identifier

Security context reference

1

RRC Connection Request Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

3

RRC Connection Request

UE requests RRC connection

~6-10

Message Type

RRC message identifier

1

UE Identity

Random value or S-TMSI

48

Establishment Cause

Reason for connection

1

Spare Bits

Reserved bits

1

RRC Connection Setup Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

4

RRC Connection Setup

eNodeB responds with configuration

~20-40

RRC Transaction ID

Identifies RRC transaction

1

Radio Bearer Config

Bearer setup parameters

2030

Security Config

Ciphering/integrity algorithms

510

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

5

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Updates bearer or handover info

~30-60

RRC Transaction ID

Identifies RRC transaction

1

Bearer Reconfig Info

Updated bearer parameters

2040

Mobility Info

Handover or measurement config

1020

PDCP Data PDU Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

6

PDCP Data PDU

Header for user plane data

26 + payload

PDCP Sequence Number

Packet ordering

12

MAC-I (optional)

Integrity check

4

Ciphered Data

Encrypted payload

Variable

RLC AM Data PDU Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

7

RLC AM Data PDU

Reliable data transfer

35 + payload

D/C Bit

Data/control indicator

1

Sequence Number

For reordering and retransmission

2

Polling Bit

Request for status

1

Data

Actual payload

Variable

MAC PDU Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

8

MAC PDU

Multiplexes RLC PDUs

310 + payload

MAC Header

Indicates logical channels

13

Subheaders

Length and type of each SDU

12 each

RLC SDUs

Data from RLC layer

Variable

PHY Transport Block Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

9

PHY Transport Block

Physical layer transmission

4+Payload

Modulation Info

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

1

Coding Rate

Error correction info

1

TB Size

Size of transport block

2

Data

Actual physical layer data

Variable

GTP-U Header Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

10

GTP-U Header

Tunnels user data over IP

10

Flags

Version, protocol type

1

Message Type

GTP-U message type

1

Length

Total length of payload

2

TEID

Tunnel Endpoint Identifier

4

Sequence Number (optional)

For reordering

2

LTE S1AP Initial UE Message Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

11

S1AP Initial UE Message

UE context setup on S1 interface

~20-40

S1AP Header

Identifies S1AP message

4

MME UE S1AP ID

UE identifier in MME

4

NAS PDU

Embedded NAS message

1020

TAI

Tracking Area Identity

4

ECGI

E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier

4

Diameter Authentication Info Request Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

12

Diameter Authentication Info Request

HSS to MME for authentication vectors

~40-100

Diameter Header

Version, command code, flags

20

Session ID

Identifies session

8

IMSI

Subscriber identity

8

RAND

Random challenge

16

AUTN

Authentication token

16

AVPs

Attribute-Value Pairs (e.g., QoS, APN)

Variable

NAS Attach Accept

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

13

NAS Attach Accept

MME accepts UE’s attach request

~3050

EPS Attach Result

Attach success and type

1

GUTI

Temporary identity assigned to UE

8

TAI List

Allowed tracking areas

816

ESM Message Container

Default bearer setup info

1020

NAS Key Set Identifier

Security context reference

1

NAS Attach Complete Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

14

NAS Attach Complete

UE confirms attach completion

~1020

ESM Message Container

May contain PDN Connectivity Request

1020

NAS Authentication Respose Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

15

NAS Authentication Response

UE responds to MME’s challenge

~2030

RES

Result of authentication algorithm

8

NAS Key Set Identifier

Indicates selected security context

1

UE Network Capabilities (opt)

Repeated for confirmation

816

S.no

Use Case

Description

1

Mobile Broadband

High-speed internet access for smartphones, tablets, and laptops.

2

Voice over LTE (VoLTE)

HD voice calls over IP using LTE network instead of legacy circuit-switched.

3

Video Streaming

Smooth playback of HD/4K video content with low buffering.

4

IoT Connectivity

LTE-M and NB-IoT support for smart meters, wearables, and sensors.

5

Public Safety Networks

Mission-critical communication for emergency services (e.g., LTE for PS).

6

Vehicle Telematics

Real-time vehicle tracking, diagnostics, and infotainment systems.

7

Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)

Broadband internet in rural or underserved areas using LTE routers.

8

Industrial Automation

LTE used in factories for machine control, monitoring, and robotics.

9

Smart Cities

LTE enables connected infrastructure like traffic lights, surveillance, etc.

10

Remote Healthcare

Telemedicine, remote monitoring, and emergency response via LTE.

S.no

Feature

Description

1

All-IP Network

LTE uses an all-IP architecture for both voice and data services.

2

High Data Rates

Supports up to 300 Mbps (DL) and 75 Mbps (UL) in LTE Release 8.

3

Low Latency

Round-trip latency as low as 10 ms, enabling real-time applications.

4

Scalable Bandwidth

Operates on bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz, adaptable to spectrum.

5

OFDMA and SC-FDMA

OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink to improve efficiency.

6

MIMO Support

Multiple antennas increase throughput and reliability (e.g., 2x2, 4x4).

7

Seamless Mobility

Supports handovers between LTE and legacy networks (GSM/UMTS).

8

Quality of Service (QoS)

Differentiated services for voice, video, and data with bearer management.

9

Carrier Aggregation

Combines multiple carriers to increase bandwidth (introduced in Rel-10).

10

Enhanced Security

Uses advanced encryption and integrity protection mechanisms.

All-IP Network - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

VoLTE Call Setup

Initiate a voice call over IP

Call connects successfully

2

VoLTE Call Termination

End a VoLTE call

Call ends normally

3

VoLTE Call Quality

Measure MOS during VoLTE call

Quality is acceptable

4

VoLTE Call with Encryption

Secure VoLTE call

Call is encrypted

5

VoLTE Call with Handover

Handover during VoLTE call

Call is uninterrupted

6

VoLTE Call with Roaming

Make VoLTE call while roaming

Call connects successfully

7

VoLTE Call with Congestion

Simulate network congestion

Call is prioritized

8

VoLTE Call with Call Waiting

Receive second call

Notification is shown

9

VoLTE Call with Call Forwarding

Forward call to another number

Call is redirected

10

VoLTE Call with Voicemail

Missed call goes to voicemail

Message is recorded

11

VoLTE Call with Conference

Merge multiple calls

Conference is established

12

VoLTE Call with Caller ID

Display caller number

Number is shown

13

VoLTE Call with Emergency Number

Dial emergency number

Call connects regardless of SIM

14

VoLTE Call with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Call quality is maintained

15

VoLTE Call Logging

Log VoLTE session

Logs are complete

16

IMS Registration

Register UE with IMS

Registration is successful

17

IMS Deregistration

Deregister UE from IMS

Deregistration is successful

18

IMS Authentication

Authenticate IMS session

Authentication succeeds

19

IMS with VPN

Use IMS over VPN

Tunnel is established

20

IMS with IPv6

Use IPv6 for IMS

Session is established

21

IMS with IPv4

Use IPv4 for IMS

Session is established

22

IMS with NAT Traversal

Use IMS behind NAT

Session is maintained

23

IMS with Firewall

Use IMS with firewall enabled

Access is controlled

24

IMS with QoS

Apply QoS to IMS traffic

QoS is respected

25

IMS with Roaming

Use IMS while roaming

Session is maintained

26

Data Session Start

Start IP-based data session

Session is established

27

Data Session End

End IP-based data session

Session ends cleanly

28

Data Session with VPN

Use VPN over LTE

Tunnel is established

29

Data Session with HTTPS

Browse secure websites

Data is encrypted

30

Data Session with Streaming

Stream video/audio

Playback is smooth

31

Data Session with File Transfer

Upload/download file

Transfer completes

32

Data Session with Online Gaming

Play real-time game

Latency is acceptable

33

Data Session with Cloud Backup

Sync files to cloud

Backup completes

34

Data Session with Background Sync

Sync apps in background

Data is transmitted

35

Data Session with Congestion

Simulate high traffic

Speed is reduced

36

Data Session with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Session is stable

37

IP Address Allocation

Allocate IP address to UE

IP is assigned

38

IP Address Release

Release IP address

IP is freed

39

IP Session Logging

Log IP session details

Logs are accurate

40

IP Session with Dual Stack

Use IPv4 and IPv6

Both stacks are functional

41

IP Session with NAT

Use NAT for IP session

Session is maintained

42

IP Session with DHCP

Use DHCP for IP assignment

IP is assigned

43

IP Session with Static IP

Use static IP

IP is retained

44

IP Session with SLAAC

Use SLAAC for IPv6

Address is assigned

45

IP Session with DNS

Resolve domain names

DNS resolution works

46

IP Session with QoS

Apply QoS to IP traffic

QoS is respected

47

IP Session with Roaming

Use IP services while roaming

Session is maintained

48

IP Session with Firewall

Access internet with firewall

Access is controlled

49

IP Session with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

Session is allowed if unlocked

50

IP Session with Network Slice

Use network slicing

Slice respects IP traffic class

High Data Rates - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Downlink Throughput Test

Measure DL speed

Up to 300 Mbps

2

Uplink Throughput Test

Measure UL speed

Up to 75 Mbps

3

DL Throughput with 20 MHz Bandwidth

Use full bandwidth

Max DL rate achieved

4

UL Throughput with 20 MHz Bandwidth

Use full bandwidth

Max UL rate achieved

5

DL Throughput with 10 MHz Bandwidth

Use half bandwidth

DL rate is reduced proportionally

6

UL Throughput with 10 MHz Bandwidth

Use half bandwidth

UL rate is reduced proportionally

7

DL Throughput with 64QAM

Use 64QAM modulation

Higher DL rate

8

UL Throughput with 16QAM

Use 16QAM modulation

Higher UL rate

9

DL Throughput with MIMO 2x2

Use 2x2 MIMO

DL rate increases

10

DL Throughput with MIMO 4x4

Use 4x4 MIMO

DL rate is maximized

11

UL Throughput with Single Antenna

Use 1x1 antenna

UL rate is limited

12

DL Throughput with Carrier Aggregation

Aggregate carriers

DL rate increases

13

UL Throughput with Carrier Aggregation

Aggregate carriers

UL rate increases

14

DL Throughput in Idle to Active Transition

Start data session

Speed ramps up

15

UL Throughput in Idle to Active Transition

Start upload

Speed ramps up

16

DL Throughput with Background Apps

Run background sync

Foreground speed is stable

17

UL Throughput with Background Apps

Upload with sync

Upload is stable

18

DL Throughput with Streaming

Stream HD video

Playback is smooth

19

UL Throughput with Video Upload

Upload HD video

Upload completes

20

DL Throughput with File Download

Download large file

Transfer is fast

21

UL Throughput with File Upload

Upload large file

Transfer is fast

22

DL Throughput with VPN

Use VPN tunnel

Speed is slightly reduced

23

UL Throughput with VPN

Upload via VPN

Speed is slightly reduced

24

DL Throughput with Roaming

Download while roaming

Speed is acceptable

25

UL Throughput with Roaming

Upload while roaming

Speed is acceptable

26

DL Throughput with Congestion

Simulate high traffic

Speed is reduced

27

UL Throughput with Congestion

Simulate high traffic

Speed is reduced

28

DL Throughput with QoS

Apply QoS class

Speed matches QoS profile

29

UL Throughput with QoS

Apply QoS class

Speed matches QoS profile

30

DL Throughput with Handover

Move between cells

Speed is maintained

31

UL Throughput with Handover

Move between cells

Speed is maintained

32

DL Throughput with High Mobility

Move at high speed

Speed is stable

33

UL Throughput with High Mobility

Move at high speed

Speed is stable

34

DL Throughput with Signal Loss

Simulate weak signal

Speed drops

35

UL Throughput with Signal Loss

Simulate weak signal

Speed drops

36

DL Throughput with Interference

Simulate interference

Speed is affected

37

UL Throughput with Interference

Simulate interference

Speed is affected

38

DL Throughput with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Speed is slightly reduced

39

UL Throughput with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Speed is slightly reduced

40

DL Throughput Logging

Log DL speed

Logs are accurate

41

UL Throughput Logging

Log UL speed

Logs are accurate

42

DL Throughput with IPv6

Use IPv6

Speed is unaffected

43

UL Throughput with IPv6

Use IPv6

Speed is unaffected

44

DL Throughput with IPv4

Use IPv4

Speed is unaffected

45

UL Throughput with IPv4

Use IPv4

Speed is unaffected

46

DL Throughput with Dual SIM

Use LTE on one SIM

Speed is stable

47

UL Throughput with Dual SIM

Use LTE on one SIM

Speed is stable

48

DL Throughput with Network Slice

Use dedicated slice

Speed matches SLA

49

UL Throughput with Network Slice

Use dedicated slice

Speed matches SLA

50

DL/UL Throughput with SLA Enforcement

Enforce service level

SLA is met

Low Latency - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Ping Test to Gateway

Measure round-trip time to LTE gateway

Latency 10 ms

2

VoIP Call Latency

Measure delay in VoIP call

Latency is minimal

3

Online Gaming Latency

Measure latency during gameplay

Latency 50 ms

4

Video Call Latency

Measure delay in video call

Audio/video sync is maintained

5

Web Page Load Time

Load lightweight web page

Page loads quickly

6

DNS Resolution Time

Resolve domain name

Response < 10 ms

7

TCP Handshake Time

Establish TCP connection

Handshake completes quickly

8

UDP Packet Round-Trip

Send/receive UDP packet

Round-trip < 10 ms

9

ICMP Echo Request

Ping external server

Response is fast

10

Latency Under Load

Simulate network congestion

Latency remains low

11

Latency with QoS Class 1

Use conversational class

Latency is prioritized

12

Latency with QoS Class 2

Use streaming class

Latency is acceptable

13

Latency with QoS Class 3

Use interactive class

Latency is moderate

14

Latency with QoS Class 4

Use background class

Latency is not prioritized

15

Latency with VoLTE

Make VoLTE call

Latency is low

16

Latency with IMS

Use IMS services

Latency is minimal

17

Latency with VPN

Use VPN tunnel

Slight increase in latency

18

Latency with IPv6

Use IPv6 stack

Latency is within limits

19

Latency with IPv4

Use IPv4 stack

Latency is within limits

20

Latency with NAT

Use NAT traversal

Latency is acceptable

21

Latency with Firewall

Use firewall-enabled network

Latency is not significantly affected

22

Latency with Streaming

Stream HD video

Playback is smooth

23

Latency with File Transfer

Upload/download file

Transfer starts quickly

24

Latency with Background Sync

Sync apps in background

Foreground latency is unaffected

25

Latency with Emergency Call

Dial emergency number

Call setup is fast

26

Latency with Roaming

Use LTE while roaming

Latency is within limits

27

Latency with Handover

Move between cells

Latency spike is minimal

28

Latency with High Mobility

Move at high speed

Latency is stable

29

Latency with Congestion

Simulate high traffic

Latency is managed

30

Latency with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Latency is slightly increased

31

Latency with Dual SIM

Use LTE on one SIM

Latency is unaffected

32

Latency with Network Slice

Use low-latency slice

Latency is minimized

33

Latency with Cloud Gaming

Play cloud-based game

Latency is acceptable

34

Latency with AR/VR App

Use augmented reality app

Latency is low

35

Latency with IoT Device

Connect IoT sensor

Response is near real-time

36

Latency with Smart Home Device

Control smart device

Response is immediate

37

Latency with Autonomous Vehicle

Simulate vehicle communication

Latency is ultra-low

38

Latency with Industrial Control

Simulate factory automation

Latency is minimal

39

Latency with Remote Desktop

Use remote desktop app

Input lag is minimal

40

Latency with Video Conferencing

Join video meeting

Delay is negligible

41

Latency with Messaging App

Send/receive message

Delivery is instant

42

Latency with Push Notification

Receive push alert

Notification is immediate

43

Latency with Location Update

Update GPS location

Update is real-time

44

Latency with App Launch

Launch cloud-based app

App starts quickly

45

Latency with API Call

Call cloud API

Response is fast

46

Latency with CDN Access

Access content via CDN

Latency is minimized

47

Latency with Edge Computing

Use edge server

Latency is ultra-low

48

Latency with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

Latency is unaffected if allowed

49

Latency Logging

Log latency metrics

Logs are accurate

50

Latency SLA Enforcement

Enforce latency SLA

SLA is met

Scalable Bandwidth - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Bandwidth Configuration 1.4 MHz

Configure LTE to operate on 1.4 MHz

Configuration is successful

2

Bandwidth Configuration 3 MHz

Configure LTE to operate on 3 MHz

Configuration is successful

3

Bandwidth Configuration 5 MHz

Configure LTE to operate on 5 MHz

Configuration is successful

4

Bandwidth Configuration 10 MHz

Configure LTE to operate on 10 MHz

Configuration is successful

5

Bandwidth Configuration 15 MHz

Configure LTE to operate on 15 MHz

Configuration is successful

6

Bandwidth Configuration 20 MHz

Configure LTE to operate on 20 MHz

Configuration is successful

7

Bandwidth Switching 5 to 10 MHz

Dynamically switch bandwidth

Switch is seamless

8

Bandwidth Switching 10 to 20 MHz

Dynamically switch bandwidth

Switch is seamless

9

Bandwidth Switching 20 to 1.4 MHz

Switch to narrowband

Switch is seamless

10

Bandwidth Adaptation During Handover

Maintain session during bandwidth change

Handover is successful

11

Bandwidth Adaptation with Load

Adjust bandwidth based on traffic load

Bandwidth scales dynamically

12

Bandwidth Adaptation with Interference

Reduce bandwidth under interference

Service continues

13

Bandwidth Adaptation with QoS

Allocate bandwidth per QoS class

QoS is respected

14

Bandwidth Adaptation with Roaming

Adjust bandwidth while roaming

Session is maintained

15

Bandwidth Adaptation with Congestion

Reduce bandwidth under congestion

Service is stable

16

Bandwidth Utilization 1.4 MHz

Measure throughput

Within expected limits

17

Bandwidth Utilization 3 MHz

Measure throughput

Within expected limits

18

Bandwidth Utilization 5 MHz

Measure throughput

Within expected limits

19

Bandwidth Utilization 10 MHz

Measure throughput

Within expected limits

20

Bandwidth Utilization 15 MHz

Measure throughput

Within expected limits

21

Bandwidth Utilization 20 MHz

Measure throughput

Within expected limits

22

DL Throughput Scaling

Measure DL speed across bandwidths

Speed increases with bandwidth

23

UL Throughput Scaling

Measure UL speed across bandwidths

Speed increases with bandwidth

24

Latency with Narrow Bandwidth

Measure latency on 1.4 MHz

Latency is acceptable

25

Latency with Wide Bandwidth

Measure latency on 20 MHz

Latency is low

26

Streaming on 1.4 MHz

Stream video on narrowband

Playback is possible

27

Streaming on 20 MHz

Stream video on wideband

Playback is smooth

28

VoLTE on 1.4 MHz

Make VoLTE call

Call quality is acceptable

29

VoLTE on 20 MHz

Make VoLTE call

Call quality is excellent

30

Gaming on 1.4 MHz

Play online game

Latency is acceptable

31

Gaming on 20 MHz

Play online game

Latency is low

32

File Transfer on 1.4 MHz

Upload/download file

Transfer completes slowly

33

File Transfer on 20 MHz

Upload/download file

Transfer is fast

34

Bandwidth Logging

Log bandwidth usage

Logs are accurate

35

Bandwidth with Carrier Aggregation

Combine multiple carriers

Bandwidth is effectively increased

36

Bandwidth with MIMO

Use MIMO with scalable bandwidth

Performance improves

37

Bandwidth with QoS Enforcement

Apply QoS policies

Bandwidth is allocated accordingly

38

Bandwidth with Network Slice

Use slice-specific bandwidth

Slice respects bandwidth limits

39

Bandwidth with Emergency Call

Prioritize emergency traffic

Call is prioritized

40

Bandwidth with Background Sync

Sync apps in background

Foreground bandwidth is preserved

41

Bandwidth with VPN

Use VPN over LTE

Tunnel is stable

42

Bandwidth with IPv6

Use IPv6 stack

Bandwidth is utilized efficiently

43

Bandwidth with IPv4

Use IPv4 stack

Bandwidth is utilized efficiently

44

Bandwidth with High Mobility

Move at high speed

Bandwidth adaptation is stable

45

Bandwidth with Low Mobility

Stationary user

Bandwidth is stable

46

Bandwidth with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

Bandwidth is allocated if allowed

47

Bandwidth with Dual SIM

Use LTE on one SIM

Bandwidth is managed

48

Bandwidth with Network Congestion

Simulate high load

Bandwidth is dynamically adjusted

49

Bandwidth with SLA Enforcement

Enforce service level agreement

SLA is met

50

Bandwidth with Edge Computing

Use edge server

Bandwidth is optimized for latency

OFDMA and SC-FDMA - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

OFDMA Downlink Activation

Enable OFDMA for DL

OFDMA is active

2

SC-FDMA Uplink Activation

Enable SC-FDMA for UL

SC-FDMA is active

3

OFDMA Subcarrier Allocation

Allocate subcarriers to users

Allocation is orthogonal

4

SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping

Map subcarriers for UL

Mapping is contiguous

5

OFDMA with 20 MHz Bandwidth

Use full DL bandwidth

Max throughput achieved

6

SC-FDMA with 20 MHz Bandwidth

Use full UL bandwidth

Max throughput achieved

7

OFDMA with 64QAM

Use high-order modulation

DL rate increases

8

SC-FDMA with 16QAM

Use high-order modulation

UL rate increases

9

OFDMA with MIMO

Use MIMO in DL

Spectral efficiency improves

10

SC-FDMA with Power Control

Apply UL power control

UE power is optimized

11

OFDMA with Interference

Simulate DL interference

OFDMA handles interference

12

SC-FDMA with Interference

Simulate UL interference

SC-FDMA handles interference

13

OFDMA with Scheduling

Schedule DL resources

Scheduler optimizes throughput

14

SC-FDMA with Scheduling

Schedule UL resources

Scheduler optimizes power use

15

OFDMA with HARQ

Use HARQ in DL

Retransmissions are efficient

16

SC-FDMA with HARQ

Use HARQ in UL

Retransmissions are efficient

17

OFDMA with CQI Feedback

Use CQI for DL adaptation

Modulation adapts dynamically

18

SC-FDMA with Channel Estimation

Estimate UL channel

Estimation is accurate

19

OFDMA with Multi-User DL

Serve multiple UEs

Subcarriers are orthogonally shared

20

SC-FDMA with Multi-User UL

Multiple UEs transmit

Contiguous mapping is preserved

21

OFDMA with Cell Edge User

DL to weak signal user

Performance is acceptable

22

SC-FDMA with Cell Edge User

UL from weak signal user

Power efficiency is maintained

23

OFDMA with Carrier Aggregation

Aggregate DL carriers

Throughput increases

24

SC-FDMA with Carrier Aggregation

Aggregate UL carriers

Throughput increases

25

OFDMA with QoS

Apply QoS to DL traffic

Prioritization is respected

26

SC-FDMA with QoS

Apply QoS to UL traffic

Prioritization is respected

27

OFDMA with Streaming

Stream video in DL

Playback is smooth

28

SC-FDMA with File Upload

Upload file in UL

Transfer is fast

29

OFDMA with VoLTE

DL voice packets

Latency is low

30

SC-FDMA with VoLTE

UL voice packets

Latency is low

31

OFDMA with Background Traffic

DL background sync

Foreground traffic is prioritized

32

SC-FDMA with Background Traffic

UL background sync

Foreground traffic is prioritized

33

OFDMA with Roaming

Use OFDMA while roaming

DL is stable

34

SC-FDMA with Roaming

Use SC-FDMA while roaming

UL is stable

35

OFDMA with Congestion

Simulate DL congestion

Scheduler adapts

36

SC-FDMA with Congestion

Simulate UL congestion

Scheduler adapts

37

OFDMA with IPv6

Use IPv6 in DL

Packets are transmitted

38

SC-FDMA with IPv6

Use IPv6 in UL

Packets are transmitted

39

OFDMA with IPv4

Use IPv4 in DL

Packets are transmitted

40

SC-FDMA with IPv4

Use IPv4 in UL

Packets are transmitted

41

OFDMA with Emergency Call

DL emergency traffic

Prioritized delivery

42

SC-FDMA with Emergency Call

UL emergency traffic

Prioritized delivery

43

OFDMA with Network Slice

Use DL slice

Bandwidth is respected

44

SC-FDMA with Network Slice

Use UL slice

Bandwidth is respected

45

OFDMA with Dual SIM

Use DL on one SIM

DL is stable

46

SC-FDMA with Dual SIM

Use UL on one SIM

UL is stable

47

OFDMA Logging

Log DL transmission

Logs are accurate

48

SC-FDMA Logging

Log UL transmission

Logs are accurate

49

OFDMA with SLA Enforcement

Enforce DL SLA

SLA is met

50

SC-FDMA with SLA Enforcement

Enforce UL SLA

SLA is met

MIMO Support - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

MIMO 2x2 Activation

Enable 2x2 MIMO

MIMO is active

2

MIMO 4x4 Activation

Enable 4x4 MIMO

MIMO is active

3

MIMO 2x2 Throughput Test

Measure DL throughput

Throughput increases

4

MIMO 4x4 Throughput Test

Measure DL throughput

Throughput is maximized

5

MIMO with 20 MHz Bandwidth

Use full bandwidth

High throughput

6

MIMO with 10 MHz Bandwidth

Use half bandwidth

Moderate throughput

7

MIMO with 64QAM

Use high-order modulation

Spectral efficiency improves

8

MIMO with Carrier Aggregation

Combine carriers

Throughput increases

9

MIMO with HARQ

Use HARQ with MIMO

Retransmissions are efficient

10

MIMO with CQI Feedback

Use CQI for adaptation

Modulation adjusts dynamically

11

MIMO with Beamforming

Apply beamforming

Signal quality improves

12

MIMO with Spatial Multiplexing

Transmit multiple streams

Throughput increases

13

MIMO with Diversity

Use antenna diversity

Reliability improves

14

MIMO with Interference

Simulate interference

MIMO mitigates impact

15

MIMO with Cell Edge User

Test weak signal area

Performance is acceptable

16

MIMO with High Mobility

Move at high speed

MIMO adapts dynamically

17

MIMO with Low Mobility

Stationary user

Maximum throughput

18

MIMO with Handover

Switch cells during session

MIMO continuity is maintained

19

MIMO with Roaming

Use MIMO while roaming

MIMO is supported

20

MIMO with Congestion

Simulate high traffic

MIMO maintains performance

21

MIMO with VoLTE

Make voice call

Call quality is stable

22

MIMO with Streaming

Stream HD video

Playback is smooth

23

MIMO with File Download

Download large file

Transfer is fast

24

MIMO with File Upload

Upload large file

UL is stable (if supported)

25

MIMO with Online Gaming

Play real-time game

Latency is low

26

MIMO with Cloud Backup

Sync files to cloud

Backup completes quickly

27

MIMO with Background Sync

Sync apps in background

Foreground traffic is unaffected

28

MIMO with VPN

Use VPN tunnel

Tunnel is stable

29

MIMO with IPv6

Use IPv6 stack

MIMO is supported

30

MIMO with IPv4

Use IPv4 stack

MIMO is supported

31

MIMO with Dual SIM

Use LTE on one SIM

MIMO is active

32

MIMO with Network Slice

Use slice-specific MIMO

Slice respects MIMO config

33

MIMO with Emergency Call

Prioritize emergency traffic

Call is prioritized

34

MIMO with QoS Class 1

Use conversational class

Latency is low

35

MIMO with QoS Class 2

Use streaming class

Throughput is high

36

MIMO with QoS Class 3

Use interactive class

Response is fast

37

MIMO with QoS Class 4

Use background class

Bandwidth is managed

38

MIMO Logging

Log MIMO configuration

Logs are accurate

39

MIMO with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

MIMO is allowed if unlocked

40

MIMO with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

MIMO may be limited

41

MIMO with Antenna Failure

Simulate antenna issue

System falls back gracefully

42

MIMO with Signal Fading

Simulate fading

MIMO compensates

43

MIMO with Multipath

Simulate multipath environment

MIMO performance improves

44

MIMO with Indoor Coverage

Test inside building

Signal is stable

45

MIMO with Outdoor Coverage

Test in open area

Signal is strong

46

MIMO with Urban Scenario

Dense urban test

MIMO handles reflections

47

MIMO with Rural Scenario

Sparse area test

MIMO maintains link

48

MIMO with SLA Enforcement

Enforce throughput SLA

SLA is met

49

MIMO with Network Congestion

Simulate peak hours

MIMO maintains efficiency

50

MIMO with Edge Computing

Use edge server

Low latency and high throughput

Seamless Mobility - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

LTE to UMTS Voice Handover

Ongoing VoLTE call switches to UMTS

Call is uninterrupted

2

UMTS to LTE Voice Handover

Ongoing UMTS call switches to LTE

Call is uninterrupted

3

LTE to GSM Voice Handover

Ongoing VoLTE call switches to GSM

Call is uninterrupted

4

GSM to LTE Voice Handover

Ongoing GSM call switches to LTE

Call is uninterrupted

5

LTE to UMTS Data Handover

Active data session switches to UMTS

Session is maintained

6

UMTS to LTE Data Handover

Active data session switches to LTE

Session is maintained

7

LTE to GSM Data Handover

Data session switches to GSM/GPRS

Session is maintained

8

GSM to LTE Data Handover

Data session switches to LTE

Session is maintained

9

Voice Handover with Encryption

Secure call during handover

Encryption is preserved

10

Data Handover with VPN

VPN session during handover

Tunnel remains active

11

Voice Handover with Roaming

Roaming call switches RAT

Call is maintained

12

Data Handover with Roaming

Roaming data switches RAT

Session is maintained

13

Voice Handover with High Mobility

Handover while moving fast

Call is uninterrupted

14

Data Handover with High Mobility

Handover while moving fast

Session is uninterrupted

15

Voice Handover with Congestion

Handover under network load

Call is prioritized

16

Data Handover with Congestion

Handover under network load

Session is preserved

17

Voice Handover with Call Waiting

Handover during second call alert

Both calls are preserved

18

Voice Handover with Call Forwarding

Handover during forwarded call

Call is redirected

19

Voice Handover with Voicemail

Missed call during handover

Message is recorded

20

Voice Handover with Conference

Conference call during handover

All participants stay connected

21

Voice Handover with Caller ID

Caller ID during handover

Number is displayed

22

Voice Handover with Call Barring

Barring active during handover

Call is blocked

23

Data Handover with Background Sync

Sync apps during handover

Sync continues

24

Data Handover with File Transfer

File upload/download during handover

Transfer completes

25

Data Handover with Streaming

Stream video/audio during handover

Playback is smooth

26

Data Handover with Online Gaming

Game session during handover

Latency is acceptable

27

Data Handover with Cloud Backup

Backup during handover

Backup completes

28

Voice Handover with Battery Saver

Power saving enabled

Call quality is maintained

29

Data Handover with Battery Saver

Power saving enabled

Session is stable

30

Voice Handover Logging

Log handover event

Logs are accurate

31

Data Handover Logging

Log data handover event

Logs are accurate

32

Voice Handover Setup Time

Measure handover time

< 300 ms

33

Data Handover Setup Time

Measure handover time

< 500 ms

34

Voice Handover Drop Test

Simulate poor signal

Call is handed over or dropped

35

Data Handover Drop Test

Simulate poor signal

Session is handed over or dropped

36

Voice Handover with SIM Lock

Locked SIM during handover

Call continues if allowed

37

Data Handover with SIM Lock

Locked SIM during handover

Session continues if allowed

38

Voice Handover with Dual SIM

Handover on active SIM

Call continues

39

Data Handover with Dual SIM

Handover on active SIM

Session continues

40

Voice Handover with QoS

Maintain QoS during handover

QoS is preserved

41

Data Handover with QoS

Maintain QoS during handover

QoS is preserved

42

Voice Handover with IMS

IMS call during handover

Call is maintained

43

Data Handover with IMS Services

IMS data during handover

Session is preserved

44

Voice Handover with Emergency Call

Emergency call during handover

Call is prioritized

45

Voice Handover with Manual Network Selection

Manual mode active

Handover succeeds

46

Data Handover with Manual Network Selection

Manual mode active

Handover succeeds

47

Voice Handover with Preferred Network

Preferred network list used

Handover follows preference

48

Data Handover with Preferred Network

Preferred network list used

Handover follows preference

49

Voice Handover with SLA

SLA enforcement during handover

SLA is met

50

Data Handover with SLA

SLA enforcement during handover

SLA is met

Quality of Service (QoS) - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Default Bearer Setup

Establish default bearer

Bearer is created with best-effort QoS

2

Dedicated Bearer Setup

Establish dedicated bearer

Bearer is created with specific QoS

3

GBR Bearer Setup

Setup Guaranteed Bit Rate bearer

GBR is enforced

4

Non-GBR Bearer Setup

Setup Non-GBR bearer

Traffic is best-effort

5

Voice QoS Class (QCI 1)

Apply conversational class

Low latency, high priority

6

Video QoS Class (QCI 2)

Apply streaming class

High throughput, moderate latency

7

Interactive QoS Class (QCI 3)

Apply interactive class

Balanced latency and throughput

8

Background QoS Class (QCI 9)

Apply background class

Low priority, best-effort

9

VoLTE Call with QCI 1

Make VoLTE call

Call quality is maintained

10

Video Streaming with QCI 2

Stream HD video

Playback is smooth

11

Web Browsing with QCI 3

Browse websites

Pages load quickly

12

Email Sync with QCI 9

Sync email in background

Sync completes

13

QoS Bearer Modification

Modify bearer QoS parameters

Changes are applied

14

QoS Bearer Deletion

Delete bearer

Bearer is removed

15

QoS with Congestion

Simulate network congestion

High-priority traffic is preserved

16

QoS with Handover

Maintain QoS during handover

QoS is preserved

17

QoS with Roaming

Use QoS while roaming

QoS is maintained

18

QoS with VPN

Use VPN over LTE

QoS is respected

19

QoS with IMS

Use IMS services

QoS is applied

20

QoS with Carrier Aggregation

Use multiple carriers

QoS is enforced across carriers

21

QoS with MIMO

Use MIMO antennas

QoS is preserved

22

QoS with Dual SIM

Use LTE on one SIM

QoS is applied

23

QoS with Network Slice

Use slice-specific QoS

Slice enforces QoS class

24

QoS with Emergency Call

Make emergency call

Highest priority is applied

25

QoS with Background Apps

Run background sync

Foreground QoS is unaffected

26

QoS with File Transfer

Upload/download file

Transfer respects QoS

27

QoS with Online Gaming

Play real-time game

Latency is low

28

QoS with Cloud Backup

Sync files to cloud

Backup completes

29

QoS with Streaming

Stream video/audio

Playback is smooth

30

QoS with Voicemail

Missed call goes to voicemail

Message is recorded

31

QoS with Call Forwarding

Forward call

QoS is preserved

32

QoS with Call Waiting

Receive second call

QoS is maintained

33

QoS with IPv6

Use IPv6 stack

QoS is applied

34

QoS with IPv4

Use IPv4 stack

QoS is applied

35

QoS with NAT

Use NAT traversal

QoS is preserved

36

QoS with Firewall

Use firewall-enabled network

QoS is respected

37

QoS with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

QoS is applied if allowed

38

QoS with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

QoS is preserved

39

QoS with SLA Enforcement

Enforce service level agreement

SLA is met

40

QoS with Policy Control

Apply operator policy

Policy is enforced

41

QoS with Bearer Logging

Log bearer setup and usage

Logs are accurate

42

QoS with Bearer Priority

Prioritize one bearer over another

Priority is respected

43

QoS with Bearer Preemption

Preempt lower-priority bearer

Preemption occurs

44

QoS with Bearer Retention

Retain bearer during session

Bearer is maintained

45

QoS with Bearer Re-establishment

Re-establish bearer after drop

Bearer is restored

46

QoS with Bearer Throttling

Throttle low-priority bearer

Speed is reduced

47

QoS with Bearer Admission Control

Admit bearer based on resources

Bearer is accepted or rejected

48

QoS with Bearer Mapping

Map application to bearer

Mapping is correct

49

QoS with Bearer Monitoring

Monitor bearer performance

Metrics are accurate

50

QoS with Bearer Statistics

Collect bearer stats

Data is complete and correct

Carrier Aggregation - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

CA Activation Intra-band

Enable CA within same band

CA is active

2

CA Activation Inter-band

Enable CA across different bands

CA is active

3

CA with 2 Component Carriers

Aggregate 2 carriers

Throughput increases

4

CA with 3 Component Carriers

Aggregate 3 carriers

Higher throughput

5

CA with 5 Component Carriers

Aggregate 5 carriers

Maximum throughput

6

CA with 20 MHz + 20 MHz

Combine two 20 MHz carriers

40 MHz bandwidth achieved

7

CA with 10 MHz + 10 MHz

Combine two 10 MHz carriers

20 MHz bandwidth achieved

8

CA with 5 MHz + 15 MHz

Combine asymmetric carriers

Bandwidth is aggregated

9

CA with DL Only

Aggregate DL carriers

DL speed increases

10

CA with UL Only

Aggregate UL carriers

UL speed increases

11

CA with DL+UL

Aggregate both directions

Full-duplex CA is active

12

CA with MIMO

Use CA with MIMO

Spectral efficiency improves

13

CA with 64QAM

Use high-order modulation

Throughput increases

14

CA with HARQ

Use HARQ with CA

Retransmissions are efficient

15

CA with CQI Feedback

Use CQI for each carrier

Modulation adapts dynamically

16

CA with Streaming

Stream HD video

Playback is smooth

17

CA with File Download

Download large file

Transfer is fast

18

CA with File Upload

Upload large file

UL is stable

19

CA with Online Gaming

Play real-time game

Latency is low

20

CA with Cloud Backup

Sync files to cloud

Backup completes quickly

21

CA with Background Sync

Sync apps in background

Foreground traffic is unaffected

22

CA with VPN

Use VPN tunnel

Tunnel is stable

23

CA with IPv6

Use IPv6 stack

CA is supported

24

CA with IPv4

Use IPv4 stack

CA is supported

25

CA with Dual SIM

Use LTE on one SIM

CA is active

26

CA with Network Slice

Use slice-specific CA

Slice respects CA config

27

CA with Emergency Call

Prioritize emergency traffic

Call is prioritized

28

CA with QoS Class 1

Use conversational class

Latency is low

29

CA with QoS Class 2

Use streaming class

Throughput is high

30

CA with QoS Class 3

Use interactive class

Response is fast

31

CA with QoS Class 4

Use background class

Bandwidth is managed

32

CA with Roaming

Use CA while roaming

CA is supported

33

CA with Handover

Maintain CA during cell switch

CA continuity is preserved

34

CA with High Mobility

Move at high speed

CA adapts dynamically

35

CA with Low Mobility

Stationary user

Maximum throughput

36

CA with Congestion

Simulate high traffic

CA maintains performance

37

CA with Signal Fading

Simulate fading

CA compensates

38

CA with Multipath

Simulate multipath environment

CA performance improves

39

CA with Indoor Coverage

Test inside building

Signal is stable

40

CA with Outdoor Coverage

Test in open area

Signal is strong

41

CA with Urban Scenario

Dense urban test

CA handles reflections

42

CA with Rural Scenario

Sparse area test

CA maintains link

43

CA Logging

Log CA configuration

Logs are accurate

44

CA with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

CA is allowed if unlocked

45

CA with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

CA may be limited

46

CA with SLA Enforcement

Enforce throughput SLA

SLA is met

47

CA with Policy Control

Apply operator policy

Policy is enforced

48

CA with Bearer Management

Manage bearers across carriers

Bearers are mapped correctly

49

CA with Scheduler Optimization

Optimize resource allocation

Scheduler balances carriers

50

CA with KPI Monitoring

Monitor CA performance

KPIs meet targets

Enhanced Security - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

EPS AKA Authentication

Perform EPS-AKA mutual authentication

Authentication succeeds

2

Authentication Failure Wrong Key

Use incorrect key

Authentication fails

3

Authentication Retry

Retry after failed attempt

Retry is allowed

4

Ciphering Activation

Enable encryption after authentication

Encryption is active

5

Integrity Protection Activation

Enable integrity protection

Protection is active

6

Ciphering Algorithm Negotiation

Negotiate ciphering algorithm

Correct algorithm is selected

7

Integrity Algorithm Negotiation

Negotiate integrity algorithm

Correct algorithm is selected

8

Encryption with AES

Use AES for encryption

Data is encrypted

9

Encryption with SNOW 3G

Use SNOW 3G cipher

Data is encrypted

10

Integrity with EIA1

Use EIA1 integrity algorithm

Integrity is ensured

11

Integrity with EIA2

Use EIA2 integrity algorithm

Integrity is ensured

12

Replay Attack Detection

Replay old authentication request

Request is rejected

13

Man-in-the-Middle Attack Simulation

Simulate MITM

Attack is detected or blocked

14

Encryption Key Refresh

Refresh ciphering key

New key is applied

15

Integrity Key Refresh

Refresh integrity key

New key is applied

16

Secure Attach Procedure

Attach to network securely

Attach is successful

17

Secure Detach Procedure

Detach from network securely

Detach is successful

18

Secure Handover

Maintain security during handover

Keys are preserved

19

Secure Roaming Authentication

Authenticate while roaming

Authentication succeeds

20

Secure Roaming Encryption

Encrypt data while roaming

Data is encrypted

21

Secure Roaming Integrity

Protect data integrity while roaming

Data is intact

22

SIM Lock Enforcement

Use locked SIM

Access is restricted

23

SIM Unlock Procedure

Unlock SIM securely

Access is granted

24

Secure Emergency Call

Make emergency call securely

Call is allowed

25

Secure SMS Transmission

Send encrypted SMS

Message is secure

26

Secure MMS Transmission

Send encrypted MMS

Message is secure

27

Secure Data Session

Start encrypted data session

Session is secure

28

Secure Voice Call

Make encrypted voice call

Call is secure

29

Secure Video Call

Make encrypted video call

Call is secure

30

Key Management Logging

Log key usage and changes

Logs are accurate

31

Authentication Logging

Log authentication attempts

Logs are complete

32

Encryption Logging

Log encryption status

Logs are accurate

33

Integrity Logging

Log integrity protection status

Logs are accurate

34

Secure APN Access

Access APN with security

Access is granted securely

35

Secure IMSI Transmission

Protect IMSI during transmission

IMSI is not exposed

36

Secure TMSI Allocation

Allocate TMSI securely

TMSI is assigned

37

TMSI Reallocation

Reallocate TMSI securely

New TMSI is assigned

38

Secure PDP Context Activation

Activate PDP context with security

Context is secure

39

Secure PDP Context Modification

Modify PDP context securely

Changes are applied

40

Secure PDP Context Deactivation

Deactivate PDP context securely

Context is removed

41

Secure OTA Update

Perform secure over-the-air update

Update is verified

42

Secure SIM File Access

Access SIM files securely

Access is controlled

43

Security Policy Enforcement

Enforce operator security policy

Policy is applied

44

Secure Bearer Setup

Establish bearer with encryption

Bearer is secure

45

Secure Bearer Modification

Modify bearer securely

Changes are protected

46

Secure Bearer Deletion

Delete bearer securely

Bearer is removed

47

Secure DNS Resolution

Resolve DNS over encrypted channel

DNS is protected

48

Secure API Communication

Use secure APIs

Data is encrypted

49

Secure App Communication

App uses secure LTE bearer

Communication is encrypted

50

Security SLA Enforcement

Enforce security SLA

SLA is met

  • Reference links