UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommmunications System (3G)

What is UMTS?

  • UMTS is a third-generation (3G) mobile cellular system based on the GSM standard. It provides higher data rates and supports voice, video, and data services using WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) as its radio access technology.

Why is UMTS useful?

  • UMTS brought significant improvements over GSM, including: * Higher data speeds – Up to several Mbps with HSPA/HSPA+. * Multimedia support – Enables video calling, mobile TV, and rich internet access. * Global roaming – Seamless service across countries and networks. * Backward compatibility – Works with GSM networks for fallback. * Efficient spectrum use – Through WCDMA and dynamic resource allocation.

How it works?

  • UE Registration – The mobile device connects to the UMTS network and authenticates.

  • Call/Data Session Setup – RNC and MSC/SGSN manage signaling and bearer setup.

  • Data Transmission – Voice and data are transmitted over the Uu interface using WCDMA.

  • Session Management – The network handles mobility, handovers, and QoS.

  • Session Termination – Resources are released when the session ends.

Where is UMTS used?

  • 3G mobile networks – For voice, SMS, and mobile internet.

  • Fallback for LTE/5G – When newer networks are unavailable.

  • IoT and M2M – In regions where 3G is still active.

  • Video calling and streaming – In early mobile multimedia services.

Which OSI layer does UMTS belong to?

  • UMTS spans multiple OSI layers, but its core signaling and control functions are implemented at the Network Layer (Layer 3). Here’s why: * Message Routing: UMTS uses RRC (Radio Resource Control), RANAP, and GTP for signaling and bearer control, which are Layer 3 functions. * Mobility and Session Management: Protocols like MM (Mobility Management) and SM (Session Management) operate at Layer 3. * Reliable Transport: While RLC and MAC (Layer 2) ensure reliable delivery, the core logic of UMTS signaling resides in Layer 3. * Protocol Stack: UMTS includes a layered architecture (PHY, MAC, RLC, RRC, NAS) that maps to OSI Layers 1–3, with Layer 3 being central for signaling and control.

Topics in this section,

  • In this section, you are going to learn

  • Terminology

  • Version Info

UMTS Version

UMTS Number/3GPP Spec Number

Year

Core Idea / Contribution

Release 99

TS 23.101, TS 25.301

1999

First standardized version of UMTS; introduced WCDMA, circuit-switched voice, and packet data.

Release 4

TS 23.002, TS 25.331

2001

Introduced MSC Server and MGW split; improved core network flexibility.

Release 5

TS 23.060, TS 25.401

2002

Introduced IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) and HSDPA for higher data rates.

Release 6

TS 23.228, TS 25.308

2005

Added HSUPA, WLAN interworking, and enhanced IMS features.

Release 7

TS 25.309, TS 23.401

2007

Introduced HSPA+ (MIMO, 64QAM), and enhanced performance for data services.

Release 8

TS 23.401, TS 25.401

2008

Laid groundwork for LTE; included Dual Cell HSDPA and improved interworking with LTE.

  • Setup

  • Setup

RRC Connection Request Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

1

RRC Connection Request

UE asks the network to start a signaling connection.

11

Message Type

Identifies the RRC message

1

UE Identity

Random value or TMSI

48

Establishment Cause

Reason for initiating the connection

1

Spare Bits

Reserved

1

RRC Connection Setup Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

2

RRC Connection Setup

Network responds and sets up radio resources for the UE.

~60-80

Message Type

Identifies the RRC message

1

RRC Transaction ID

Identifies the transaction

1

Radio Bearer Config

Bearer setup parameters

2040

Security Config

Ciphering/integrity settings

1020

RRC Connection Complete Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

3

RRC Connection Complete

UE confirms setup and sends its first NAS message.

~60-80

Message Type

Identifies the RRC message

1

RRC Transaction ID

Confirms the setup

1

NAS Message

Embedded NAS message (e.g., Attach Request)

4060

NAS Attach Request Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

4

NAS Attach Request

UE requests to register with the UMTS core network.

~60-80

Attach Type

Type of attach

1

IMSI

Subscriber identity

8

UE Capabilities

Supported features

816

PDP Context Info

Session setup info

2040

RANAP Initial UE Message Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

5

RANAP Initial UE Message

RNC forwards the NAS message to the SGSN.

~100-200

RANAP Header

Identifies the RANAP message

20

NAS PDU

Embedded NAS message

4080

Location Info (TAI, CGI)

Tracking and cell identity

816

GTP-C Create PDP Context Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

6

GTP-C Create PDP Context

SGSN asks GGSN to create a data session for the UE.

~80-100

GTP Header

Protocol header

8

TEID

Tunnel Endpoint Identifier

4

PDP Address

IP address for the session

16

APN

Access Point Name

20

QoS Profile

Quality of Service parameters

2040

GTP-U Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

7

GTP-U Packet

Carries actual user data like voice or internet traffic.

Variable

GTP Header

Protocol header

8

Payload (IP Packet)

Encapsulated user data

Variable

NAS Attach Accept Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

8

NAS Attach Accept

Network accepts UE’s attach request

~6080

Attach Result

Indicates success and type of attach

1

TMSI

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

4

PDP Context Activation

Default bearer setup info

2040

UE Network Capabilities

Echoed or updated capabilities

816

Timer Values

Attach and periodic update timers

48

NAS Attach Complete Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(Bytes)

9

NAS Attach Complete

UE confirms attach completion

~1020

PDP Context Info

Confirms session setup

1020

S.no

Use Case

Description

1

Voice Calls

Supports high-quality circuit-switched voice communication over 3G networks.

2

Video Calling

Enables real-time person-to-person video communication using 3G bandwidth.

3

Mobile Internet Access

Provides packet-switched data services for web browsing, email, and apps.

4

SMS and MMS

Supports text messaging and multimedia messaging (images, audio, video).

5

Mobile TV and Streaming

Allows users to stream live TV and video content over 3G networks.

6

International Roaming

Offers seamless service continuity across countries and networks.

7

Location-Based Services

Enables GPS-assisted services like navigation and local search.

8

IoT and M2M Communication

Used in smart meters, vehicle tracking, and other machine-to-machine systems.

9

Fallback for LTE/5G

Acts as a backup when 4G/5G coverage is unavailable.

10

Secure Mobile Banking

Supports encrypted mobile transactions and financial services.

S.no

Feature

Description

1

High Data Rates

Supports up to 384 kbps for mobile users and up to 2 Mbps for stationary users.

2

WCDMA Technology

Uses Wideband Code Division Multiple Access for efficient spectrum usage.

3

Packet-Switched and Circuit-Switched

Supports both voice (CS) and data (PS) services.

4

Global Roaming

Enables international roaming with standardized interfaces.

5

Multimedia Services

Supports video calls, streaming, and mobile internet.

6

QoS Support

Offers Quality of Service classes for different types of traffic.

7

Backward Compatibility

Compatible with GSM and GPRS networks.

8

Handover Support

Seamless handover between UMTS and GSM networks.

9

Security Features

Includes mutual authentication, encryption, and integrity protection.

10

Efficient Spectrum Use

Operates in 2 GHz band with 5 MHz channel bandwidth.

High Data Rates - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Stationary User Speed Test

Measure data rate while stationary

Up to 2 Mbps

2

Mobile User Speed Test

Measure data rate while moving

Up to 384 kbps

3

Handover During Data Session

Move between cells during download

Session is maintained

4

File Download (Stationary)

Download file while stationary

High speed observed

5

File Download (Mobile)

Download file while in motion

Speed is within mobile limits

6

Video Streaming (Stationary)

Stream 480p/720p video

Smooth playback

7

Video Streaming (Mobile)

Stream video while moving

Minimal buffering

8

Web Browsing (Stationary)

Load websites while stationary

Pages load quickly

9

Web Browsing (Mobile)

Load websites while moving

Pages load with slight delay

10

Email Sync (Stationary)

Sync email with attachments

Sync completes quickly

11

Email Sync (Mobile)

Sync email while in transit

Sync completes with minor delay

12

FTP Upload (Stationary)

Upload file to server

Upload speed is high

13

FTP Upload (Mobile)

Upload file while moving

Upload speed is within mobile limits

14

FTP Download (Stationary)

Download file from server

Download speed is high

15

FTP Download (Mobile)

Download file while moving

Download speed is within mobile limits

16

Speed Test with Signal Strength

Measure speed at full signal

Maximum throughput achieved

17

Speed Test with Weak Signal

Measure speed at low signal

Throughput decreases

18

Speed Test in Urban Area

Test in high-density area

Speed is stable

19

Speed Test in Rural Area

Test in low-density area

Speed may vary

20

Speed Test in Indoor Environment

Test inside building

Speed is acceptable

21

Speed Test in Outdoor Environment

Test in open area

Speed is optimal

22

Concurrent Data Sessions

Run multiple apps using data

All apps function properly

23

Background Data Sync

Sync apps in background

No impact on foreground usage

24

Network Congestion Test

Simulate high user load

Speed degrades gracefully

25

Cell Edge Performance

Test at cell boundary

Speed is reduced but stable

26

Cell Center Performance

Test near base station

Speed is optimal

27

Speed Test During Call

Use data during voice call (CS+PS)

Data session continues

28

Speed Test After Handover

Measure speed post-handover

Speed stabilizes quickly

29

Speed Test with Encryption

Use VPN or HTTPS

Speed is slightly reduced

30

Speed Test with Compression

Use data compression tools

Speed appears faster

31

Speed Test with Background Apps

Run background sync apps

Speed is shared fairly

32

Speed Test with Streaming App

Stream music/video

Playback is smooth

33

Speed Test with Download Manager

Use multi-threaded download

Speed is maximized

34

Speed Test with Upload Manager

Upload large file

Upload completes efficiently

35

Speed Test with VoIP App

Use WhatsApp/Skype call

Call quality is good

36

Speed Test with Online Gaming

Play real-time game

Latency is acceptable

37

Speed Test with Cloud Storage

Sync files with cloud

Sync completes quickly

38

Speed Test with Social Media

Use Facebook/Instagram

Media loads quickly

39

Speed Test with Messaging App

Use WhatsApp/Telegram

Messages are sent instantly

40

Speed Test with Navigation App

Use Google Maps/Waze

Maps load quickly

41

Speed Test with App Store

Download app from store

App downloads quickly

42

Speed Test with Software Update

Download OS update

Update completes in reasonable time

43

Speed Test with Email Attachment

Download large email attachment

File downloads quickly

44

Speed Test with Cloud Backup

Backup photos/files

Backup completes efficiently

45

Speed Test with IoT Device

Use UMTS-enabled IoT device

Data is transmitted reliably

46

Speed Test with Smartwatch

Use UMTS-enabled wearable

Data syncs correctly

47

Speed Test with Tablet

Use UMTS-enabled tablet

Browsing and streaming are smooth

48

Speed Test with USB Dongle

Use UMTS modem on laptop

Internet access is stable

49

Speed Test with Tethering

Share UMTS data via hotspot

Connected devices get stable speed

50

Speed Test with Network Monitoring Tool

Use tool to log throughput

Data matches expected rates

WCDMA Technology - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

WCDMA Channel Initialization

Initialize WCDMA channel

Channel is established

2

Code Assignment

Assign unique spreading code to user

No code conflict

3

Code Orthogonality Check

Verify orthogonality of spreading codes

Minimal interference

4

Uplink Code Multiplexing

Transmit multiple users on same frequency

Signals are separated correctly

5

Downlink Code Multiplexing

Receive multiple users on same frequency

Signals are decoded correctly

6

Spreading Factor Adjustment

Adjust spreading factor based on data rate

Factor is optimized

7

Chip Rate Verification

Verify 3.84 Mcps chip rate

Rate is consistent

8

Power Control Loop (Uplink)

Adjust UE transmit power

Power is optimized

9

Power Control Loop (Downlink)

Adjust Node B transmit power

Power is optimized

10

Soft Handover Activation

Connect to multiple cells simultaneously

Seamless transition

11

Soft Handover Performance

Measure call quality during soft handover

No call drop

12

Hard Handover Activation

Switch between cells without overlap

Call is maintained

13

Cell Breathing Simulation

Simulate load-based cell size change

Coverage adjusts dynamically

14

Interference Measurement

Measure intra-cell and inter-cell interference

Within acceptable limits

15

Code Reuse Efficiency

Reuse codes in different cells

No cross-interference

16

Channelization Code Allocation

Allocate OVSF codes

Tree structure is maintained

17

Scrambling Code Allocation

Assign unique scrambling code per cell

No overlap

18

Pilot Channel Detection

Detect CPICH signal

Signal is locked

19

Synchronization Channel Detection

Detect SCH for timing sync

Sync is achieved

20

Paging Channel Reception

Receive PCH messages

Pages are received

21

Broadcast Channel Reception

Receive BCCH info

System info is decoded

22

Dedicated Channel Setup

Establish DCH for user

Channel is active

23

Common Channel Setup

Use RACH/FACH for signaling

Channels are functional

24

Transport Channel Mapping

Map logical to physical channels

Mapping is correct

25

Modulation Scheme Verification

Use QPSK for WCDMA

Signal is modulated correctly

26

Channel Coding Verification

Apply convolutional/turbo coding

Data is encoded correctly

27

Interleaving Functionality

Interleave bits before transmission

Data is protected

28

Multipath Resolution

Resolve multiple signal paths

RAKE receiver combines signals

29

RAKE Receiver Performance

Evaluate RAKE receiver gain

Signal quality improves

30

Fast Power Control Rate

Verify 1500 Hz power control rate

Power is adjusted rapidly

31

Uplink Synchronization

Sync UE transmission timing

No collisions

32

Downlink Synchronization

Sync Node B transmission

Timing is accurate

33

Cell Search Procedure

Perform 3-step cell search

Cell is found

34

Random Access Procedure

Initiate RACH procedure

Access is granted

35

Dedicated Physical Channel Setup

Setup DPDCH/DPDCH

Channels are active

36

HSDPA Compatibility

Use WCDMA with HSDPA

High-speed data is supported

37

HSUPA Compatibility

Use WCDMA with HSUPA

Uplink speed is improved

38

WCDMA in Urban Environment

Test in dense area

Performance is stable

39

WCDMA in Rural Environment

Test in sparse area

Coverage is sufficient

40

WCDMA in Indoor Environment

Test inside building

Signal is acceptable

41

WCDMA in High-Speed Mobility

Test in moving vehicle

Connection is maintained

42

WCDMA with Voice Call

Make voice call over WCDMA

Call is clear

43

WCDMA with Video Call

Make video call over WCDMA

Call is smooth

44

WCDMA with Data Session

Browse internet

Data is transmitted

45

WCDMA with SMS

Send/receive SMS

Message is delivered

46

WCDMA with MMS

Send/receive MMS

Message is delivered

47

WCDMA with Location Services

Use A-GPS over WCDMA

Location is accurate

48

WCDMA with Encryption

Use ciphering on WCDMA channel

Data is secure

49

WCDMA with Authentication

Perform AKA authentication

User is authenticated

50

WCDMA with QoS Support

Apply QoS profile to session

Traffic is prioritized

Packet-Switched and Circuit-Switched - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Voice Call Setup (CS)

Initiate a circuit-switched voice call

Call connects successfully

2

Voice Call Termination (CS)

End a circuit-switched voice call

Call ends normally

3

SMS Sending (CS)

Send SMS over CS domain

SMS is delivered

4

SMS Receiving (CS)

Receive SMS over CS domain

SMS is received

5

Data Session Start (PS)

Initiate packet-switched data session

Data session is established

6

Data Session End (PS)

Terminate packet-switched session

Session ends cleanly

7

Simultaneous CS and PS Usage

Use voice and data simultaneously

Both services work concurrently

8

Voice Call During Data Session

Receive call while browsing

Data pauses or continues based on device capability

9

Data Session During Voice Call

Start browsing during a call

Data session is established

10

CS Fallback from PS

Switch to CS for voice when PS-only coverage

Call is handed over successfully

11

PS Handover Between Cells

Maintain data session during cell change

Session is uninterrupted

12

CS Handover Between Cells

Maintain voice call during cell change

Call is uninterrupted

13

PS Roaming

Use data services while roaming

Data session is established

14

CS Roaming

Make/receive calls while roaming

Call connects successfully

15

PS Session with VPN

Use VPN over packet-switched session

Tunnel is established

16

CS Call with Encryption

Use A5 encryption for voice call

Call is secure

17

PS Session with HTTPS

Browse secure websites

Data is encrypted

18

CS Call Quality Test

Measure MOS during voice call

Quality is acceptable

19

PS Throughput Test

Measure download/upload speed

Speed is within expected range

20

CS Call Drop Test

Simulate poor signal

Call is dropped or handed over

21

PS Session Drop Test

Simulate poor signal

Session is dropped or handed over

22

CS Call Setup Time

Measure time to connect call

Setup < 5 seconds

23

PS Session Setup Time

Measure time to start data session

Setup is quick

24

CS Call in Urban Area

Make call in dense area

Call is stable

25

PS Session in Urban Area

Use data in dense area

Speed is stable

26

CS Call in Rural Area

Make call in remote area

Call connects

27

PS Session in Rural Area

Use data in remote area

Session is slower but stable

28

CS Call in High-Speed Mobility

Make call while moving fast

Call is maintained

29

PS Session in High-Speed Mobility

Use data while moving fast

Session is maintained

30

CS Call with Call Waiting

Receive second call

Notification is shown

31

PS Session with Background Sync

Sync apps in background

Data is transmitted

32

CS Call with Call Forwarding

Forward call to another number

Call is redirected

33

PS Session with Streaming

Stream video/audio

Playback is smooth

34

CS Call with Voicemail

Missed call goes to voicemail

Message is recorded

35

PS Session with File Transfer

Upload/download file

Transfer completes

36

CS Call with Conference

Merge multiple calls

Conference is established

37

PS Session with Online Gaming

Play real-time game

Latency is acceptable

38

CS Call with Caller ID

Display caller number

Number is shown

39

PS Session with Cloud Backup

Sync files to cloud

Backup completes

40

CS Call with Call Barring

Block outgoing calls

Call is restricted

41

PS Session with Firewall

Access internet with firewall

Access is controlled

42

CS Call with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

Call is allowed if unlocked

43

PS Session with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

Data session is allowed if unlocked

44

CS Call with Emergency Number

Dial emergency number

Call connects regardless of SIM

45

PS Session with MMS

Send/receive MMS

Message is delivered

46

CS Call with Network Congestion

Simulate high traffic

Call is prioritized or delayed

47

PS Session with Network Congestion

Simulate high traffic

Speed is reduced

48

CS Call with Battery Saver Mode

Enable power saving

Call quality is maintained

49

PS Session with Battery Saver Mode

Enable power saving

Data session is stable

50

CS and PS Logging

Log both voice and data sessions

Logs are complete and accurate

Global Roaming - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Roaming Voice Call Setup (CS)

Initiate a voice call while roaming

Call connects successfully

2

Roaming Voice Call Termination (CS)

End a roaming voice call

Call ends normally

3

Roaming SMS Sending (CS)

Send SMS while roaming

SMS is delivered

4

Roaming SMS Receiving (CS)

Receive SMS while roaming

SMS is received

5

Roaming Data Session Start (PS)

Start data session while roaming

Session is established

6

Roaming Data Session End (PS)

End data session while roaming

Session ends cleanly

7

Roaming with Preferred Network

Connect to preferred roaming partner

Network is selected

8

Roaming with Non-Preferred Network

Connect to non-preferred partner

Network is selected with warning

9

Roaming Network Selection Manual

Manually select roaming network

Selection is successful

10

Roaming Network Selection Auto

Automatically select roaming network

Best network is selected

11

Roaming Voice Call Handover

Handover voice call between networks

Call is uninterrupted

12

Roaming Data Session Handover

Handover data session between networks

Session is uninterrupted

13

Roaming Call with Encryption

Secure voice call while roaming

Call is encrypted

14

Roaming Data with VPN

Use VPN over roaming data

Tunnel is established

15

Roaming Call Quality Test

Measure MOS during roaming call

Quality is acceptable

16

Roaming Data Throughput Test

Measure roaming data speed

Speed is within range

17

Roaming Call Drop Test

Simulate poor roaming signal

Call is dropped or handed over

18

Roaming Data Drop Test

Simulate poor roaming signal

Session is dropped or handed over

19

Roaming Call Setup Time

Measure call setup time

Setup < 5 seconds

20

Roaming Data Setup Time

Measure data session setup time

Setup is quick

21

Roaming in Urban Area

Use services in urban roaming area

Services are stable

22

Roaming in Rural Area

Use services in rural roaming area

Services are slower but stable

23

Roaming in High-Speed Mobility

Use services while moving fast

Services are maintained

24

Roaming Call with Call Waiting

Receive second call while roaming

Notification is shown

25

Roaming Call Forwarding

Forward call while roaming

Call is redirected

26

Roaming Call with Voicemail

Missed call goes to voicemail

Message is recorded

27

Roaming Call with Conference

Merge calls while roaming

Conference is established

28

Roaming Call with Caller ID

Display caller number while roaming

Number is shown

29

Roaming Call Barring

Block outgoing calls while roaming

Call is restricted

30

Roaming with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM while roaming

Access based on unlock status

31

Roaming Emergency Call

Dial emergency number while roaming

Call connects

32

Roaming MMS Sending

Send MMS while roaming

Message is delivered

33

Roaming MMS Receiving

Receive MMS while roaming

Message is received

34

Roaming with Network Congestion

Simulate high traffic while roaming

Services are prioritized or delayed

35

Roaming Battery Saver Mode

Enable power saving while roaming

Services are stable

36

Roaming Logging

Log roaming sessions

Logs are complete

37

Roaming Authentication

Authenticate with visited network

Authentication succeeds

38

Roaming Billing Accuracy

Validate billing for roaming usage

Charges are accurate

39

Roaming Location Update

Update location in visited network

Update is successful

40

Roaming IMSI Attach

Attach to network using IMSI

Attach is successful

41

Roaming IMSI Detach

Detach from network

Detach is successful

42

Roaming with Dual SIM

Use roaming on one SIM

Roaming works on selected SIM

43

Roaming with eSIM

Use eSIM for roaming

Roaming is functional

44

Roaming with Data Cap

Reach data cap while roaming

Data is throttled or blocked

45

Roaming with Operator Restrictions

Connect with restricted operator

Access is denied or limited

46

Roaming with APN Settings

Use correct APN while roaming

Data session is established

47

Roaming with IPv6

Use IPv6 over roaming

IPv6 session is established

48

Roaming with QoS

Maintain QoS while roaming

QoS is preserved

49

Roaming with Streaming

Stream media while roaming

Playback is smooth

50

Roaming with Online Gaming

Play games while roaming

Latency is acceptable

Multimedia Services - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Video Call Setup

Initiate a video call

Call connects with video

2

Video Call Termination

End a video call

Call ends normally

3

Video Call Quality

Measure video resolution and frame rate

Quality is acceptable

4

Video Call in Low Bandwidth

Simulate low bandwidth

Video degrades gracefully

5

Video Call in High Latency

Simulate high latency

Video/audio sync is maintained

6

Video Call with Audio Mute

Mute audio during call

Audio is muted, video continues

7

Video Call with Camera Off

Turn off camera

Video feed stops, audio continues

8

Video Call with Screen Rotation

Rotate device during call

Video adjusts orientation

9

Video Call with Background App

Switch to another app

Call continues in background

10

Video Call with Incoming Voice Call

Receive voice call during video call

User prompted to switch or hold

11

Video Call with Network Handover

Move between cells

Call is uninterrupted

12

Video Call with Roaming

Make video call while roaming

Call connects successfully

13

Video Call with Encryption

Secure video call

Call is encrypted

14

Video Call Logging

Log video call session

Logs are complete

15

Video Call with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Call quality is maintained

16

Video Call with Headphones

Use wired/wireless headphones

Audio is routed correctly

17

Video Call with Bluetooth

Use Bluetooth headset

Audio is routed correctly

18

Video Call with Noise Cancellation

Enable noise suppression

Background noise is reduced

19

Video Call with Group Participants

Add multiple users

Group call is established

20

Video Call with Screen Sharing

Share screen during call

Screen is visible to others

21

Streaming Video Start

Start video stream

Playback begins

22

Streaming Video Buffering

Simulate slow network

Buffering occurs gracefully

23

Streaming Video Quality Adaptation

Adaptive bitrate streaming

Quality adjusts to bandwidth

24

Streaming Video Pause/Resume

Pause and resume playback

Playback resumes correctly

25

Streaming Video Seek

Seek to different timestamp

Playback jumps to position

26

Streaming Video with Subtitles

Enable subtitles

Subtitles are displayed

27

Streaming Video with Audio Tracks

Switch audio language

Audio changes successfully

28

Streaming Video with Cast

Cast to external display

Video is mirrored

29

Streaming Video with VPN

Stream over VPN

Playback is smooth

30

Streaming Video with Roaming

Stream while roaming

Playback is smooth

31

Streaming Video with Data Cap

Reach data limit

Streaming is throttled or blocked

32

Streaming Video with Background Play

Lock screen or switch app

Audio/video continues

33

Streaming Video with Notifications

Receive notification

Playback is not interrupted

34

Streaming Video with Headphones

Use headphones

Audio is routed correctly

35

Streaming Video with Bluetooth

Use Bluetooth audio

Audio is routed correctly

36

Streaming Video with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Playback is stable

37

Streaming Video Logging

Log streaming session

Logs are complete

38

Mobile Internet Browsing

Open websites

Pages load successfully

39

Mobile Internet Speed Test

Measure download/upload speed

Speed is within expected range

40

Mobile Internet with VPN

Browse with VPN

Tunnel is established

41

Mobile Internet with HTTPS

Access secure websites

Connection is encrypted

42

Mobile Internet with Roaming

Browse while roaming

Pages load successfully

43

Mobile Internet with Firewall

Access with firewall enabled

Access is controlled

44

Mobile Internet with Data Cap

Reach data limit

Access is throttled or blocked

45

Mobile Internet with Background Sync

Sync apps in background

Data is transmitted

46

Mobile Internet with Streaming

Stream media

Playback is smooth

47

Mobile Internet with File Transfer

Upload/download files

Transfer completes

48

Mobile Internet with Online Gaming

Play real-time games

Latency is acceptable

49

Mobile Internet with Cloud Backup

Sync files to cloud

Backup completes

50

Mobile Internet Logging

Log internet usage

Logs are complete and accurate

QoS Support - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Conversational Class Voice Call

Make a voice call using conversational class

Call quality is real-time

2

Conversational Class Video Call

Make a video call using conversational class

Video and audio are synchronized

3

Streaming Class Video Playback

Stream video using streaming class

Playback is smooth

4

Streaming Class Audio Playback

Stream audio using streaming class

Audio is continuous

5

Interactive Class Web Browsing

Browse websites using interactive class

Pages load quickly

6

Interactive Class Online Gaming

Play online game using interactive class

Latency is low

7

Background Class Email Sync

Sync email using background class

Sync completes without delay

8

Background Class Cloud Backup

Perform cloud backup

Backup completes in background

9

QoS Profile Negotiation

Negotiate QoS profile during session setup

Correct profile is applied

10

QoS Profile Modification

Modify QoS during active session

Changes are applied dynamically

11

QoS Profile Release

Release QoS profile after session ends

Resources are freed

12

QoS for Voice over IP

Use VoIP with conversational QoS

Voice is clear and real-time

13

QoS for Video Streaming

Use streaming QoS for video

Video is smooth

14

QoS for File Download

Use background QoS for download

Download completes

15

QoS for Web App

Use interactive QoS for web app

App responds quickly

16

QoS with Congestion

Simulate network congestion

QoS prioritizes traffic correctly

17

QoS with Handover

Maintain QoS during cell handover

QoS is preserved

18

QoS with Roaming

Use QoS while roaming

QoS is maintained

19

QoS with VPN

Use VPN with QoS

Tunnel respects QoS settings

20

QoS with Encryption

Use encrypted traffic

QoS is still applied

21

QoS with Multiple Sessions

Run multiple sessions with different QoS

Each session gets correct QoS

22

QoS with Real-Time Traffic

Prioritize real-time traffic

Real-time traffic is smooth

23

QoS with Background Traffic

Deprioritize background traffic

Background traffic is delayed

24

QoS with Streaming Buffering

Simulate buffering

QoS reduces buffering

25

QoS with Packet Loss

Simulate packet loss

QoS minimizes impact

26

QoS with Jitter

Simulate jitter

QoS compensates for jitter

27

QoS with Delay

Simulate delay

QoS reduces latency

28

QoS with Throughput Test

Measure throughput under QoS

Throughput meets expectations

29

QoS with Priority Scheduling

Schedule traffic by priority

High-priority traffic is served first

30

QoS with Resource Allocation

Allocate network resources

Allocation matches QoS class

31

QoS with Policy Control

Apply operator policy

Policy is enforced

32

QoS with APN Settings

Use APN with QoS settings

QoS is applied correctly

33

QoS with IMS Services

Use IMS with QoS

IMS traffic is prioritized

34

QoS with Emergency Services

Make emergency call

Highest QoS is applied

35

QoS with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

QoS is still effective

36

QoS with Network Slice

Use network slicing

Slice respects QoS class

37

QoS with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

QoS is applied if allowed

38

QoS with Dual SIM

Use QoS on one SIM

QoS is applied to selected SIM

39

QoS with IPv6

Use IPv6 traffic

QoS is applied

40

QoS with IPv4

Use IPv4 traffic

QoS is applied

41

QoS Logging

Log QoS parameters

Logs are accurate

42

QoS Monitoring

Monitor QoS in real-time

Metrics are visible

43

QoS Violation Detection

Detect QoS breach

Alert is triggered

44

QoS Recovery

Recover from QoS degradation

Service is restored

45

QoS with Multimedia Session

Use QoS for video + audio

Both streams are prioritized

46

QoS with Application Layer

App requests specific QoS

Request is honored

47

QoS with Transport Layer

Transport layer respects QoS

Packets are prioritized

48

QoS with Network Load Balancing

Balance load with QoS

Traffic is distributed efficiently

49

QoS with User Profile

Apply QoS based on user tier

Premium users get better QoS

50

QoS with SLA Enforcement

Enforce service level agreement

SLA is met

Backward Compatibility - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

GSM Voice Call Setup

Make a voice call on GSM fallback

Call connects successfully

2

GSM Voice Call Termination

End a GSM voice call

Call ends normally

3

GPRS Data Session Start

Start data session on GPRS

Session is established

4

GPRS Data Session End

End GPRS data session

Session ends cleanly

5

UMTS to GSM Voice Handover

Handover voice call to GSM

Call is uninterrupted

6

GSM to UMTS Voice Handover

Handover voice call to UMTS

Call is uninterrupted

7

UMTS to GPRS Data Handover

Handover data session to GPRS

Session is maintained

8

GPRS to UMTS Data Handover

Handover data session to UMTS

Session is maintained

9

GSM SMS Sending

Send SMS over GSM

SMS is delivered

10

GSM SMS Receiving

Receive SMS over GSM

SMS is received

11

GPRS MMS Sending

Send MMS over GPRS

MMS is delivered

12

GPRS MMS Receiving

Receive MMS over GPRS

MMS is received

13

GSM Call Setup Time

Measure call setup time on GSM

Setup < 6 seconds

14

GPRS Session Setup Time

Measure session setup time on GPRS

Setup is acceptable

15

GSM Call Drop Test

Simulate poor GSM signal

Call is dropped or handed over

16

GPRS Session Drop Test

Simulate poor GPRS signal

Session is dropped or handed over

17

GSM Call Quality

Measure MOS on GSM call

Quality is acceptable

18

GPRS Throughput Test

Measure GPRS data speed

Speed is within expected range

19

GSM Roaming Call

Make call while roaming on GSM

Call connects successfully

20

GPRS Roaming Data

Use data while roaming on GPRS

Session is established

21

GSM Emergency Call

Dial emergency number on GSM

Call connects

22

GPRS with VPN

Use VPN over GPRS

Tunnel is established

23

GSM Call with Encryption

Use A5 encryption

Call is secure

24

GPRS with HTTPS

Browse secure sites

Data is encrypted

25

GSM Call with Call Waiting

Receive second call

Notification is shown

26

GSM Call with Call Forwarding

Forward call

Call is redirected

27

GSM Call with Voicemail

Missed call goes to voicemail

Message is recorded

28

GSM Call with Conference

Merge calls

Conference is established

29

GSM Call with Caller ID

Display caller number

Number is shown

30

GSM Call Barring

Block outgoing calls

Call is restricted

31

GPRS with Background Sync

Sync apps in background

Data is transmitted

32

GPRS with File Transfer

Upload/download file

Transfer completes

33

GPRS with Streaming

Stream audio/video

Playback is possible

34

GPRS with Online Gaming

Play real-time game

Latency is high but playable

35

GPRS with Cloud Backup

Sync files to cloud

Backup completes

36

GSM Call with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Call quality is maintained

37

GPRS with Battery Saver

Enable power saving

Data session is stable

38

GSM Call Logging

Log GSM voice call

Logs are complete

39

GPRS Session Logging

Log GPRS data session

Logs are complete

40

GSM Network Selection

Manually select GSM network

Selection is successful

41

GPRS Network Selection

Manually select GPRS network

Selection is successful

42

GSM Authentication

Authenticate with GSM network

Authentication succeeds

43

GPRS Authentication

Authenticate with GPRS network

Authentication succeeds

44

GSM with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

Call is allowed if unlocked

45

GPRS with SIM Lock

Use locked SIM

Data session allowed if unlocked

46

GSM with Dual SIM

Use GSM on one SIM

Call works on selected SIM

47

GPRS with Dual SIM

Use GPRS on one SIM

Data works on selected SIM

48

GSM with Roaming Restrictions

Connect with restricted operator

Access is denied or limited

49

GPRS with Roaming Restrictions

Connect with restricted operator

Access is denied or limited

50

GSM/GPRS Compatibility Logging

Log fallback and compatibility events

Logs are accurate and complete

Handover Support - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

UMTS to GSM Voice Handover

Ongoing call switches from UMTS to GSM

Call is uninterrupted

2

GSM to UMTS Voice Handover

Ongoing call switches from GSM to UMTS

Call is uninterrupted

3

UMTS to GSM Data Handover

Active data session switches to GSM

Session continues

4

GSM to UMTS Data Handover

Active data session switches to UMTS

Session continues

5

Voice Call Handover with Encryption

Encrypted call during handover

Encryption is preserved

6

Data Session Handover with VPN

VPN session during handover

Tunnel remains active

7

Voice Call Handover with Roaming

Roaming call switches RAT

Call is maintained

8

Data Session Handover with Roaming

Roaming data switches RAT

Session is maintained

9

Voice Call Handover with High Mobility

Handover while moving fast

Call is uninterrupted

10

Data Handover with High Mobility

Data session while moving fast

Session is uninterrupted

11

Voice Call Handover with Congestion

Handover under network load

Call is prioritized

12

Data Handover with Congestion

Handover under network load

Session is preserved

13

Voice Call Handover with Call Waiting

Handover during second call alert

Both calls are preserved

14

Voice Call Handover with Call Forwarding

Handover during forwarded call

Call is redirected

15

Voice Call Handover with Voicemail

Missed call during handover

Message is recorded

16

Voice Call Handover with Conference

Conference call during handover

All participants stay connected

17

Voice Call Handover with Caller ID

Caller ID during handover

Number is displayed

18

Voice Call Handover with Call Barring

Barring active during handover

Call is blocked

19

Data Handover with Background Sync

Sync apps during handover

Sync continues

20

Data Handover with File Transfer

File upload/download during handover

Transfer completes

21

Data Handover with Streaming

Stream video/audio during handover

Playback is smooth

22

Data Handover with Online Gaming

Game session during handover

Latency is acceptable

23

Data Handover with Cloud Backup

Backup during handover

Backup completes

24

Voice Call Handover with Battery Saver

Power saving enabled

Call quality is maintained

25

Data Handover with Battery Saver

Power saving enabled

Session is stable

26

Voice Call Handover Logging

Log handover event

Logs are accurate

27

Data Handover Logging

Log data handover event

Logs are accurate

28

Voice Call Handover Setup Time

Measure handover time

< 300 ms

29

Data Handover Setup Time

Measure handover time

< 500 ms

30

Voice Call Handover Drop Test

Simulate poor signal

Call is handed over or dropped

31

Data Handover Drop Test

Simulate poor signal

Session is handed over or dropped

32

Voice Call Handover with SIM Lock

Locked SIM during handover

Call continues if allowed

33

Data Handover with SIM Lock

Locked SIM during handover

Session continues if allowed

34

Voice Call Handover with Dual SIM

Handover on active SIM

Call continues

35

Data Handover with Dual SIM

Handover on active SIM

Session continues

36

Voice Call Handover with QoS

Maintain QoS during handover

QoS is preserved

37

Data Handover with QoS

Maintain QoS during handover

QoS is preserved

38

Voice Call Handover with IMS

IMS call during handover

Call is maintained

39

Data Handover with IMS Services

IMS data during handover

Session is preserved

40

Voice Call Handover with Emergency Call

Emergency call during handover

Call is prioritized

41

Voice Call Handover with Manual Network Selection

Manual mode active

Handover succeeds

42

Data Handover with Manual Network Selection

Manual mode active

Handover succeeds

43

Voice Call Handover with Preferred Network

Preferred network list used

Handover follows preference

44

Data Handover with Preferred Network

Preferred network list used

Handover follows preference

45

Voice Call Handover with Location Update

Location changes during handover

Update is successful

46

Data Handover with Location Update

Location changes during handover

Update is successful

47

Voice Call Handover with IMSI Attach

Attach during handover

Attach is successful

48

Data Handover with IMSI Attach

Attach during handover

Attach is successful

49

Voice Call Handover with SLA

SLA enforcement during handover

SLA is met

50

Data Handover with SLA

SLA enforcement during handover

SLA is met

Security Features - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Mutual Authentication UE to Network

Authenticate UE with network

Authentication succeeds

2

Mutual Authentication Network to UE

Authenticate network with UE

Authentication succeeds

3

Authentication Failure Wrong IMSI

Use incorrect IMSI

Authentication fails

4

Authentication Failure Wrong Key

Use incorrect key

Authentication fails

5

Authentication Retry

Retry after failed attempt

Retry is allowed

6

Encryption Activation

Enable encryption after authentication

Encryption is active

7

Encryption Deactivation

Disable encryption

Data is no longer encrypted

8

Integrity Protection Activation

Enable integrity protection

Protection is active

9

Integrity Protection Deactivation

Disable integrity protection

Protection is off

10

Ciphering Algorithm Negotiation

Negotiate ciphering algorithm

Correct algorithm is selected

11

Integrity Algorithm Negotiation

Negotiate integrity algorithm

Correct algorithm is selected

12

Encryption with A5/3

Use A5/3 ciphering

Data is encrypted

13

Encryption with KASUMI

Use KASUMI ciphering

Data is encrypted

14

Integrity with UIA1

Use UIA1 integrity algorithm

Integrity is ensured

15

Integrity with UIA2

Use UIA2 integrity algorithm

Integrity is ensured

16

Replay Attack Detection

Replay old authentication request

Request is rejected

17

Man-in-the-Middle Attack Simulation

Simulate MITM

Attack is detected or blocked

18

Encryption Key Refresh

Refresh ciphering key

New key is applied

19

Integrity Key Refresh

Refresh integrity key

New key is applied

20

Authentication Vector Validation

Validate AV from HLR/AuC

AV is correct

21

Authentication Vector Tampering

Modify AV

Authentication fails

22

Secure Location Update

Perform location update securely

Update is encrypted

23

Secure Attach Procedure

Attach to network securely

Attach is successful

24

Secure Detach Procedure

Detach from network securely

Detach is successful

25

Secure Handover

Maintain security during handover

Keys are preserved

26

Secure Roaming Authentication

Authenticate while roaming

Authentication succeeds

27

Secure Roaming Encryption

Encrypt data while roaming

Data is encrypted

28

Secure Roaming Integrity

Protect data integrity while roaming

Data is intact

29

SIM Lock Enforcement

Use locked SIM

Access is restricted

30

SIM Unlock Procedure

Unlock SIM securely

Access is granted

31

Secure Emergency Call

Make emergency call securely

Call is allowed

32

Secure SMS Transmission

Send encrypted SMS

Message is secure

33

Secure MMS Transmission

Send encrypted MMS

Message is secure

34

Secure Data Session

Start encrypted data session

Session is secure

35

Secure Voice Call

Make encrypted voice call

Call is secure

36

Secure Video Call

Make encrypted video call

Call is secure

37

Key Management Logging

Log key usage and changes

Logs are accurate

38

Authentication Logging

Log authentication attempts

Logs are complete

39

Encryption Logging

Log encryption status

Logs are accurate

40

Integrity Logging

Log integrity protection status

Logs are accurate

41

Secure APN Access

Access APN with security

Access is granted securely

42

Secure IMSI Transmission

Protect IMSI during transmission

IMSI is not exposed

43

Secure TMSI Allocation

Allocate TMSI securely

TMSI is assigned

44

TMSI Reallocation

Reallocate TMSI securely

New TMSI is assigned

45

Secure PDP Context Activation

Activate PDP context with security

Context is secure

46

Secure PDP Context Modification

Modify PDP context securely

Changes are applied

47

Secure PDP Context Deactivation

Deactivate PDP context securely

Context is removed

48

Secure OTA Update

Perform secure over-the-air update

Update is verified

49

Secure SIM File Access

Access SIM files securely

Access is controlled

50

Security Policy Enforcement

Enforce operator security policy

Policy is applied

Efficient Spectrum Use - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Channel Bandwidth Verification

Verify 5 MHz channel allocation

Channel is correctly allocated

2

Frequency Band Confirmation

Confirm operation in 2 GHz band

Frequency is within 19202170 MHz

3

Uplink Frequency Check

Verify uplink frequency

Within 19201980 MHz

4

Downlink Frequency Check

Verify downlink frequency

Within 21102170 MHz

5

Channel Spacing Validation

Validate 5 MHz spacing between carriers

Spacing is consistent

6

Adjacent Channel Interference

Measure interference between adjacent channels

Interference is minimal

7

Co-Channel Interference

Measure interference on same frequency

Interference is controlled

8

Spectral Efficiency Voice

Measure bits/Hz for voice

Efficiency is within expected range

9

Spectral Efficiency Data

Measure bits/Hz for data

Efficiency is within expected range

10

Cell Capacity Voice

Maximize voice users per cell

Capacity is optimized

11

Cell Capacity Data

Maximize data users per cell

Capacity is optimized

12

Power Control Uplink

Adjust UE transmit power

Power is optimized

13

Power Control Downlink

Adjust NodeB transmit power

Power is optimized

14

Adaptive Modulation

Use modulation based on channel conditions

Modulation adapts dynamically

15

Coding Scheme Adaptation

Adjust coding rate for efficiency

Coding adapts to conditions

16

Load Balancing Across Channels

Distribute users across carriers

Load is balanced

17

Interference Management

Apply interference mitigation techniques

Interference is reduced

18

Handover with Spectrum Reuse

Maintain call during frequency change

Handover is seamless

19

Frequency Reuse Factor Validation

Validate reuse factor (e.g., 1)

Reuse is efficient

20

Carrier Aggregation Simulation

Simulate multi-carrier use

Bandwidth is combined effectively

21

Cell Breathing Test

Adjust cell size based on load

Cell size changes dynamically

22

Pilot Pollution Check

Detect overlapping pilot signals

Pollution is minimized

23

Soft Handover Efficiency

Evaluate spectrum use during soft handover

Resources are used efficiently

24

Hard Handover Efficiency

Evaluate spectrum use during hard handover

Minimal disruption

25

Frequency Planning Validation

Validate frequency reuse plan

Plan is optimal

26

Spectrum Utilization Logging

Log spectrum usage

Logs are accurate

27

Inter-Carrier Handover

Handover between 5 MHz carriers

Handover is successful

28

Interference from GSM

Measure GSM interference in 2 GHz band

Interference is minimal

29

Interference to GSM

Measure UMTS impact on GSM

Impact is minimal

30

Spectrum Sharing with LTE

Coexistence with LTE in same band

No significant interference

31

Spectrum Sharing with 5G

Coexistence with 5G NR

No significant interference

32

Guard Band Validation

Validate guard bands between carriers

Guard bands are sufficient

33

Channel Allocation in Dense Area

Allocate channels in urban area

Allocation is efficient

34

Channel Allocation in Rural Area

Allocate channels in rural area

Allocation is efficient

35

Frequency Scan Test

Scan for available carriers

All carriers are detected

36

Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)

Measure CQI for spectrum efficiency

CQI reflects channel conditions

37

Spectrum Use During Peak Hours

Monitor usage during congestion

Spectrum is efficiently used

38

Spectrum Use During Off-Peak

Monitor usage during low traffic

Resources are conserved

39

Interference with Wi-Fi

Check for 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi overlap

No interference (different band)

40

Spectrum Use with Voice + Data

Simultaneous services

Bandwidth is shared efficiently

41

Spectrum Use with Streaming

Stream video/audio

Bandwidth is used optimally

42

Spectrum Use with File Transfer

Upload/download files

Transfer is efficient

43

Spectrum Use with Background Apps

Sync apps in background

No impact on foreground services

44

Spectrum Use with Emergency Call

Prioritize emergency traffic

Call is prioritized

45

Spectrum Use with QoS Classes

Allocate bandwidth by QoS

Classes are respected

46

Spectrum Use with Roaming

Use spectrum while roaming

Usage is efficient

47

Spectrum Use with Network Congestion

Simulate high load

Spectrum is dynamically managed

48

Spectrum Use with Cell Splitting

Split overloaded cells

Load is distributed

49

Spectrum Use with Sectorization

Use directional antennas

Spectrum is reused efficiently

50

Spectrum Efficiency KPI Monitoring

Monitor KPIs like Erlangs/MHz

KPIs meet targets

  • Reference links