5G-NR - 5G New Radio

What is 5G-NR?

5G-NR (New Radio) is the global standard for the radio access network (RAN) of 5G mobile networks, developed by 3GPP. It defines how devices like smartphones and IoT sensors communicate wirelessly with cell towers using 5G technology.

Why is 5G-NR useful?

  • High Speed: Supports data rates up to 10 Gbps and beyond.

  • Low Latency: Enables ultra-fast response times (as low as 1 ms), ideal for real-time apps.

  • Massive Connectivity: Can connect millions of devices per square kilometer (great for IoT).

  • Flexible Spectrum Use: Works across a wide range of frequencies (sub-6 GHz and mmWave).

How it works?

  • Device Connection: A 5G-enabled device (like a phone) searches for nearby 5G base stations (gNodeBs).

  • Synchronization: The device synchronizes with the base station’s signal.

  • Random Access: The device requests access to the network.

  • Authentication: The network verifies the device’s identity.

  • Resource Allocation: The base station assigns radio resources (time, frequency) to the device.

  • Data Transmission: Data is sent and received using advanced modulation and coding techniques.

  • Handover: If the device moves, it seamlessly switches to another base station.

Where is 5G-NR used?

  • Telecommunications – High-speed mobile internet, video streaming, cloud gaming.

  • Automotive – Autonomous driving, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

  • Manufacturing – Smart factories, robotics, real-time analytics.

  • Smart Cities – Traffic control, surveillance, public safety.

Which OSI layer does 5G-NR belong to?

  • It belongs to OSI Layers 1 and 2: * Layer 1 (Physical): Radio transmission, modulation, coding, antennas. * Layer 2 (Data Link): MAC, RLC, PDCP handling transmission reliability and order.

What are the frequency bands used in 5G-NR?

5G-NR uses two main frequency ranges: * FR1 (Sub-6 GHz): 450 MHz to 6 GHz. * FR2 (mmWave): 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz.

What kind of speeds does 5G-NR support?

  • Peak download speeds: Up to 20 Gbps.

  • Peak upload speeds: Up to 10 Gbps.

  • Actual speeds depend on deployment, spectrum, and device capabilities.

How is security handled in 5G-NR?

5G includes enhanced security features like: * Better mutual authentication. * Stronger encryption. * Privacy protection (e.g., SUCI to protect IMSI).

Can 5G-NR coexist with LTE?

Yes. Through Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS), both LTE and 5G-NR can share the same frequency band dynamically.

What are real-time applications of 5G-NR?

  • Smart Factories (Industry 4.0)

  • Automotive and Transportation

  • Smart Traffic Management

  • Real-time Health Monitoring

  • Remote Drone Control

What is the working flow of 5G-NR?

  • UE Power On – UE powers on and scans for 5G signals, detects nearby gNBs.

  • Cell Search & Synchronization – UE syncs using SSB (PSS, SSS, PBCH).

  • System Information Acquisition – Reads SIBs (System Info Blocks) from gNB.

  • Random Access Procedure (RACH) – UE requests network access via RACH.

  • RRC Connection Setup – RRC connection is established with the gNB.

  • Authentication and Security Setup – UE authenticates with the 5G core, encryption keys are set.

  • PDU Session Establishment – PDU session is created; UE receives IP address.

  • Data Transfer Begins – Data transfer starts using NR protocols (PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, SDAP).

  • Mobility Management – Seamless handover between gNBs as UE moves.

  • Connection Release – When done, resources are released and UE enters idle mode.

What are some future enhancements in 5G-NR?

  • NR-Light (RedCap for reduced-capability devices)

  • Advanced positioning

  • Network slicing

  • Integration with satellite and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs)

Topics in this section,

  • In this section, you are going to learn

  • Terminology

  • Version Info

5G-Nr Version

RFC

Core Ideas/Contribution

Year

5G-NR Phase 1

Release 15

First full 5G standard. Introduced Non-Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA)modes, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB).

2018

5G-NR Phase 2

Release 16

Added Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), V2X, industrial

2020

IoT, and network slicing.

5G-NR Phase 3

Release 17

Introduced reduced capability (RedCap) devices, satellite access, enhanced MIMO,

2022

and positioning improvements.

5G-NR Advanced

Release 18

Focuses on AI/ML integration, XR(Extended Reality), energy efficiency, and lower-layer mobility enhancements.

2024 (ongoing)

  • setup

  • setup

5G-NR PDCP PDU Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(bytes)

1

PDCP PDU

Handles header compression, encryption, and reordering.

301500+

PDCP Header

Sequence number, control flags

13 bytes

PDCP SDU

Actual user data (e.g., IP packet)

Variable

Integrity Check

Optional, for security

4 bytes (if used)

5G-NR RLC PDU Packet

:file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_RLC_PDU_Packet.csv :widths: 20,30,10 :header-rows: 1

5G-NR MAC PDU Packet
:file: ./5G-NR/5G-NR_MAC_PDU_Packet.csv :widths: 20,30,10 :header-rows: 1

5G-NR PHY Transport Block Packet

4

PHY Transport Block

Physical layer data unit carrying encoded MAC PDUs.

Up to 1 MB (depends on bandwidth and MIMO layers)

Modulated Symbols

Encoded MAC PDU bits mapped to symbols

Variable

CRC

Error detection

24 bits (3 bytes)

Control Info

MCS, TBS, HARQ ID, etc.

Variable

S.No

Use Case

Descrption

1

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)

High-speed internet for HD video streaming, VR/AR, and cloud gaming.

2

Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC)

Real-time applications like remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation.

3

Massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC)

Supports millions of IoT devices in smart cities, agriculture, and logistics.

4

Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)

Provides high-speed internet to homes and businesses without fiber.

5

Smart Manufacturing

Enables automation, robotics, and real-time monitoring in factories.

6

Autonomous Vehicles

Supports vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication for safety and navigation.

7

Smart Cities

Powers intelligent traffic systems, surveillance, and public services.

8

Healthcare

Enables remote diagnostics, patient monitoring, and connected medical devices.

9

Augmented & Virtual Reality

Delivers immersive experiences with low latency and high bandwidth.

10

Energy and Utilities

Supports smart grids, remote monitoring, and predictive maintenance.

S.No

Feature

Descrption

1

High Data Rates

Supports speeds up to 10 Gbps and beyond for ultra-fast downloads and streaming.

2

Low Latency

Enables real-time communication with latency as low as 1 millisecond.

3

Massive Device Connectivity

Can connect millions of IoT devices per square kilometer.

4

Flexible Spectrum Usage

Operates across low (sub-1 GHz), mid (16 GHz), and high (mmWave) frequency bands.

5

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)

Allows 4G and 5G to share the same frequency bands efficiently.

6

Network Slicing

Creates virtual networks tailored for specific applications or industries.

7

Beamforming

Directs signals to specific users for better coverage and efficiency.

8

Massive MIMO

Uses multiple antennas to increase capacity and reliability.

9

Energy Efficiency

Optimized for low power consumption in both devices and infrastructure.

10

Enhanced Mobility Support

Seamless handover and connectivity even at high speeds (e.g., in trains, cars).

High Data Rates - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

NR Connection Setup

Establish 5G-NR connection

Connection established

2

Bandwidth Allocation

Allocate maximum bandwidth

Bandwidth allocated

3

Modulation Scheme

Use 256-QAM modulation

High data rate achieved

4

MIMO Configuration

Enable 4x4 MIMO

Increased throughput

5

Carrier Aggregation

Aggregate multiple carriers

Higher data rate

6

TDD Configuration

Configure TDD for high DL ratio

Optimized DL throughput

7

Beamforming

Enable beamforming

Improved signal quality

8

DL Throughput Test

Measure downlink throughput

Meets expected rate

9

UL Throughput Test

Measure uplink throughput

Meets expected rate

10

Peak Data Rate

Test peak DL data rate

Achieves theoretical max

11

Mobility Test

Move UE during data transfer

Stable data rate

12

Handover Test

Perform handover during transfer

No data loss

13

Network Congestion

Simulate congestion

Data rate adapts

14

QoS Enforcement

Apply QoS rules

Priority traffic maintained

15

NR Fallback

Fallback to LTE

Reduced data rate

16

NR Resume

Resume from LTE to NR

High data rate restored

17

NR SA Mode

Test Standalone mode

High data rate achieved

18

NR NSA Mode

Test Non-Standalone mode

High data rate achieved

19

UE Capability

Check UE support for high rates

UE supports required features

20

DL Scheduling

Test dynamic DL scheduling

Efficient resource use

21

UL Scheduling

Test dynamic UL scheduling

Efficient resource use

22

HARQ Performance

Test HARQ retransmissions

Minimal impact on rate

23

RLC Mode

Test RLC AM mode

Reliable data delivery

24

PDCP Throughput

Measure PDCP layer throughput

Matches expected rate

25

IP Layer Throughput

Measure IP layer throughput

Matches expected rate

26

NR Frequency Band

Test high-frequency band

High data rate achieved

27

Low Band NR

Test low-frequency band

Lower data rate

28

Interference Test

Introduce interference

Data rate degrades gracefully

29

Signal Quality

Vary SINR levels

Data rate adjusts accordingly

30

UE Distance

Increase UE distance

Data rate decreases

31

Cell Edge Performance

Test at cell edge

Acceptable data rate

32

Indoor Coverage

Test indoor data rate

Stable performance

33

Outdoor Coverage

Test outdoor data rate

Stable performance

34

Speed Test

Test UE at high speed

Data rate remains stable

35

Application Test

Stream HD video

No buffering

36

File Download

Download large file

Fast completion

37

File Upload

Upload large file

Fast completion

38

Latency Impact

Measure latency effect

Minimal impact on rate

39

NR Power Saving

Enable power saving

Slight data rate reduction

40

Network Load

Test under full load

Data rate adapts

41

NR Slice Performance

Test data rate per slice

Meets slice SLA

42

NR Slice Isolation

Test isolation between slices

No interference

43

NR Slice Priority

Test priority slice

Higher data rate

44

NR Slice Sharing

Share resources across slices

Fair allocation

45

UE Category

Test with Cat 20 UE

Max data rate achieved

46

UE Category Limit

Test with lower category UE

Limited data rate

47

NR Roaming

Test roaming scenario

Consistent data rate

48

NR Retry Mechanism

Test retry on failure

Data rate restored

49

NR Error Handling

Simulate transmission error

Recovery without rate drop

50

NR Performance Logging

Log data rate metrics

Accurate logs generated

Low Latency - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Basic Latency Check

Measure latency in ideal conditions

Latency 1 ms

2

Packet Size Variation

Test latency with different packet sizes

Consistent low latency

3

Handover Latency

Measure latency during gNB handover

Minimal latency spike

4

Network Slicing

Validate latency in URLLC slice

Slice maintains low latency

5

QoS Prioritization

Test latency for high-priority traffic

Priority traffic gets lowest latency

6

Congestion Scenario

Measure latency under network congestion

URLLC traffic unaffected

7

Edge Computing

Validate latency with MEC integration

Reduced latency

8

Dual Connectivity

Test latency with LTE + NR

Maintains low latency

9

Beamforming

Measure latency with beamforming

Improved latency

10

Mobility Scenario

Test latency in high-speed mobility

Acceptable latency maintained

11

Scheduling Delay

Measure delay due to scheduling

Delay 0.5 ms

12

HARQ Latency

Test latency with HARQ retransmissions

Minimal impact on latency

13

TTI Bundling

Validate latency with TTI bundling

Reduced transmission delay

14

Mini-slot Scheduling

Test latency using mini-slots

Faster transmission

15

RLC Mode Impact

Compare latency in AM vs UM

UM mode shows lower latency

16

MAC Layer Delay

Measure MAC processing delay

Delay 0.5 ms

17

PHY Layer Delay

Measure PHY layer latency

Delay 0.5 ms

18

Control Plane Latency

Test latency for control messages

10 ms

19

User Plane Latency

Test latency for user data

1 ms

20

Inter-frequency Handover

Measure latency during frequency switch

Minimal latency increase

21

Inter-RAT Handover

Test latency between NR and LTE

Seamless transition

22

UL Latency

Measure uplink latency

1 ms

23

DL Latency

Measure downlink latency

1 ms

24

Buffer Status Reporting

Test latency impact of BSR

No significant delay

25

Scheduling Request Delay

Measure SR latency

1 ms

26

PDCCH Monitoring

Validate latency with PDCCH config

Efficient scheduling

27

SRS Transmission

Measure latency with SRS feedback

Timely channel updates

28

CSI Reporting

Test latency with CSI feedback

Fast adaptation

29

DRX Cycle Impact

Measure latency with DRX enabled

Acceptable latency

30

RRC Connection Setup

Measure latency during RRC setup

10 ms

31

RRC Reconfiguration

Test latency during reconfiguration

Minimal delay

32

Paging Delay

Measure latency for paging response

10 ms

33

UE Capability Exchange

Test latency during capability signaling

Fast exchange

34

Initial Access Latency

Measure latency during initial access

10 ms

35

Random Access Procedure

Validate latency in RA procedure

10 ms

36

Beam Recovery

Test latency during beam failure recovery

Fast recovery

37

Network Load Variation

Measure latency under varying load

Stable latency

38

UE Density Impact

Test latency with high UE density

URLLC traffic unaffected

39

Inter-gNB Latency

Measure latency between gNBs

1 ms

40

Core Network Delay

Measure latency in 5GC

10 ms

41

Transport Network Delay

Validate latency in transport layer

10 ms

42

Application Layer Delay

Measure end-to-end latency

20 ms

43

Time Synchronization

Test latency impact of sync errors

Minimal impact

44

Jitter Measurement

Measure latency variation

Jitter 1 ms

45

Packet Loss Impact

Test latency with packet loss

URLLC traffic recovers quickly

46

Retransmission Delay

Measure latency due to retransmissions

Controlled delay

47

Multi-UE Scheduling

Test latency with multiple UEs

Fair scheduling

48

Resource Allocation Delay

Measure latency in resource assignment

1 ms

49

Slice Isolation

Validate latency isolation between slices

No cross-slice impact

50

End-to-End URLLC Test

Full path latency test

1 ms end-to-end

Massive Device Connectivity - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Device Registration

Register large number of devices

All devices registered successfully

2

Random Access Procedure

Test contention-based access

Access resolved efficiently

3

RRC Connection Setup

Setup RRC for multiple devices

Connections established

4

RRC Connection Release

Release RRC connections

Resources freed correctly

5

Paging Procedure

Page multiple devices simultaneously

All devices paged

6

UE Capability Signaling

Signal mMTC capabilities

Correct capabilities reported

7

Device Sleep Mode

Enter/exit sleep mode

Power saved, connectivity maintained

8

DRX Cycle Optimization

Optimize DRX for mMTC

Efficient power usage

9

Coverage Enhancement

Test CE levels for deep coverage

Devices reachable

10

Data Transmission Latency

Measure latency for small packets

Within acceptable limits

11

Data Transmission Reliability

Test reliability under load

No packet loss

12

Network Congestion Handling

Handle congestion gracefully

No service degradation

13

Device Density Scaling

Scale to millions of devices

Network remains stable

14

Device Identification

Unique ID for each device

IDs correctly assigned

15

Device Grouping

Group devices for efficient signaling

Groups formed correctly

16

Device Prioritization

Prioritize critical devices

Priority respected

17

Device Mobility

Support low-mobility devices

Connectivity maintained

18

Device Handover

Handover between cells

Seamless transition

19

Device Authentication

Authenticate all devices

Secure access

20

Device Security

Encrypt data from devices

Data protected

21

Device Firmware Update

Push updates over-the-air

Updates successful

22

Device Fault Detection

Detect faulty devices

Faults logged

23

Device Recovery

Recover from faults

Recovery successful

24

Device Synchronization

Sync time and data

Devices synchronized

25

Device Configuration

Configure remotely

Configurations applied

26

Device Monitoring

Monitor health/status

Accurate reports

27

Device Location Tracking

Track device location

Location logged

28

Device Type Differentiation

Support various device types

All types handled

29

Device Traffic Profiling

Profile traffic patterns

Profiles generated

30

Device QoS Enforcement

Enforce QoS per device

QoS maintained

31

Device Access Control

Restrict access to network

Unauthorized access blocked

32

Device Load Balancing

Balance load across cells

Load distributed

33

Device Connection Retry

Retry failed connections

Retry successful

34

Device Connection Timeout

Handle timeouts gracefully

Timeout logged

35

Device Connection Logging

Log all connections

Logs complete

36

Device Connection Statistics

Generate usage stats

Stats accurate

37

Device Connection History

Maintain history

History accessible

38

Device Connection Alerts

Alert on anomalies

Alerts triggered

39

Device Connection Resilience

Maintain connection under stress

Connection stable

40

Device Connection Scalability

Scale with demand

No bottlenecks

41

Device Connection Compliance

Comply with 3GPP specs

Fully compliant

42

Device Connection Optimization

Optimize signaling

Reduced overhead

43

Device Connection Redundancy

Provide backup paths

Redundancy active

44

Device Connection Energy Efficiency

Minimize energy usage

Meets targets

45

Device Connection for Smart Meters

Support utility devices

Reliable data flow

46

Device Connection for Wearables

Support health devices

Stable connection

47

Device Connection for Sensors

Support environmental sensors

Data received

48

Device Connection for Industrial IoT

Support factory devices

Low latency maintained

49

Device Connection for Smart Cities

Support urban infrastructure

Scalable and secure

50

Device Connection for Agriculture IoT

Support farming sensors

Connectivity maintained

Flexible Spectrum Usage - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Intra-band CA Activation

Test activation of carrier aggregation within same band

CA successfully activated

2

Inter-band CA Activation

Test activation of CA across different bands

CA successfully activated

3

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing

Enable DSS between LTE and NR

Spectrum dynamically shared

4

Spectrum Re-farming

Use legacy spectrum for NR

NR operates on re-farmed spectrum

5

Bandwidth Part Switching

Switch between BWP dynamically

Seamless BWP switch

6

TDD-FDD CA

Test CA between TDD and FDD bands

CA operates correctly

7

UL/DL Split Configuration

Configure UL/DL split across bands

Split functions correctly

8

Multi-Cell Scheduling

Schedule across multiple cells

Efficient resource allocation

9

Tx Switching

Switch transmitter between carriers

No data loss during switch

10

SCell Activation/Deactivation

Activate/deactivate secondary cells

Smooth transition

11

Spectrum Efficiency Measurement

Measure throughput per MHz

Meets efficiency targets

12

Interference Management

Test spectrum usage under interference

Maintains QoS

13

Spectrum Aggregation Delay

Measure delay during CA setup

Within acceptable limits

14

UE Capability Signaling

UE signals spectrum support

Correct capability reported

15

Spectrum Usage Logging

Log spectrum usage over time

Accurate logs generated

16

Spectrum Load Balancing

Balance load across bands

Optimized usage

17

Spectrum Handover

Handover between spectrum bands

Seamless handover

18

Spectrum Sharing with Wi-Fi

Coexistence with Wi-Fi

No interference

19

Spectrum Sharing with Bluetooth

Coexistence with Bluetooth

No interference

20

Spectrum Sharing with NTN

Test with non-terrestrial networks

Stable connection

21

Spectrum Sharing with LEO

Test with low-earth orbit satellites

Stable connection

22

Spectrum Access Priority

Prioritize critical services

Priority respected

23

Spectrum Access Fairness

Ensure fair access among UEs

Fair distribution

24

Spectrum Access Latency

Measure latency in access

Within limits

25

Spectrum Access Retry

Retry on access failure

Successful retry

26

Spectrum Access Denial

Deny access under overload

Denial logged

27

Spectrum Access Recovery

Recover from denial

Recovery successful

28

Spectrum Allocation Policy

Apply operator policy

Policy enforced

29

Spectrum Allocation Conflict

Resolve conflicts

Conflict resolved

30

Spectrum Allocation Logging

Log allocation decisions

Logs accurate

31

Spectrum Allocation Audit

Audit spectrum usage

Matches policy

32

Spectrum Allocation Optimization

Optimize allocation

Improved efficiency

33

Spectrum Allocation Reconfiguration

Reconfigure dynamically

No service impact

34

Spectrum Allocation Notification

Notify UE of changes

Notification received

35

Spectrum Allocation Security

Secure allocation process

No breach

36

Spectrum Allocation Redundancy

Provide fallback options

Redundancy active

37

Spectrum Allocation Scalability

Scale with user load

Scales effectively

38

Spectrum Allocation Resilience

Handle failures gracefully

Resilient operation

39

Spectrum Allocation Compliance

Comply with 3GPP specs

Fully compliant

40

Spectrum Allocation Energy Efficiency

Minimize energy usage

Meets targets

41

Spectrum Allocation for XR

Support extended reality

Meets latency and bandwidth

42

Spectrum Allocation for URLLC

Support ultra-reliable low latency

Meets reliability targets

43

Spectrum Allocation for mMTC

Support massive IoT

Handles device density

44

Spectrum Allocation for eMBB

Support enhanced broadband

Meets throughput targets

45

Spectrum Allocation for Private Networks

Support enterprise use

Isolated and secure

46

Spectrum Allocation for Public Safety

Prioritize emergency services

Priority enforced

47

Spectrum Allocation for Roaming

Support roaming users

Seamless experience

48

Spectrum Allocation for Edge Computing

Support MEC scenarios

Low latency maintained

49

Spectrum Allocation for Slicing

Support network slicing

Slices isolated and efficient

50

Spectrum Allocation for AI/ML

Support intelligent allocation

AI decisions validated

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

DSS Activation

Enable DSS on shared band

DSS activated successfully

2

DSS Deactivation

Disable DSS

DSS deactivated without error

3

LTE-NR Coexistence

Operate LTE and NR simultaneously

Both systems function correctly

4

NR Priority Mode

Prioritize NR traffic

NR gets higher resource allocation

5

LTE Priority Mode

Prioritize LTE traffic

LTE gets higher resource allocation

6

Equal Sharing Mode

Share spectrum equally

Balanced resource allocation

7

Dynamic Resource Allocation

Adjust resources based on load

Real-time adaptation

8

DSS with CA

Use DSS with carrier aggregation

CA works with DSS

9

DSS with MIMO

Test DSS with MIMO enabled

MIMO operates correctly

10

DSS with Beamforming

Use DSS with beamforming

Beamforming unaffected

11

DSS with TDD

Test DSS in TDD mode

TDD scheduling works

12

DSS with FDD

Test DSS in FDD mode

FDD scheduling works

13

DSS with BWP

Use DSS with bandwidth parts

BWP switching works

14

DSS with SCell

Activate secondary cells with DSS

SCells operate correctly

15

DSS with NSA

Use DSS in non-standalone mode

LTE anchor supports NR

16

DSS with SA

Use DSS in standalone mode

NR operates independently

17

DSS Load Balancing

Balance load between LTE and NR

Load distributed efficiently

18

DSS Interference Management

Manage interference in DSS

Interference minimized

19

DSS Latency Test

Measure latency under DSS

Within acceptable limits

20

DSS Throughput Test

Measure throughput under DSS

Meets performance targets

21

DSS Handover LTE to NR

Handover from LTE to NR

Seamless transition

22

DSS Handover NR to LTE

Handover from NR to LTE

Seamless transition

23

DSS UE Capability Signaling

UE reports DSS support

Correct signaling

24

DSS UE Compatibility

Test with DSS-capable UE

UE connects successfully

25

DSS Legacy UE Handling

Handle non-DSS UEs

No service disruption

26

DSS Scheduler Performance

Evaluate scheduler under DSS

Efficient scheduling

27

DSS Resource Block Allocation

Allocate RBs dynamically

RBs shared correctly

28

DSS Spectrum Utilization

Measure spectrum efficiency

High utilization

29

DSS Power Control

Adjust power for DSS

Power optimized

30

DSS Paging

Page UEs in DSS environment

Paging successful

31

DSS RRC Setup

Setup RRC in DSS

Setup successful

32

DSS RRC Reconfiguration

Reconfigure RRC under DSS

Reconfiguration successful

33

DSS RRC Release

Release RRC in DSS

Release successful

34

DSS Network Congestion

Handle congestion in DSS

No service degradation

35

DSS Cell Reselection

Reselect cells under DSS

Reselection successful

36

DSS Cell Search

Search for DSS-enabled cells

Cells detected

37

DSS Synchronization

Sync LTE and NR frames

Frames aligned

38

DSS Timing Advance

Adjust TA for DSS

Timing accurate

39

DSS HARQ Performance

Test HARQ under DSS

Retransmissions successful

40

DSS MAC Layer Performance

Evaluate MAC layer

Efficient operation

41

DSS PHY Layer Performance

Evaluate PHY layer

Stable performance

42

DSS Security

Ensure secure operation

No breaches

43

DSS Logging

Log DSS events

Logs complete

44

DSS Monitoring

Monitor DSS KPIs

KPIs tracked

45

DSS Fault Recovery

Recover from DSS failure

Recovery successful

46

DSS Software Upgrade

Upgrade DSS software

No service impact

47

DSS Configuration Management

Manage DSS settings

Configurations applied

48

DSS Compliance

Check 3GPP compliance

Fully compliant

49

DSS Energy Efficiency

Measure power usage

Energy optimized

50

DSS Scalability

Scale DSS with user load

Scales effectively

Network Slicing - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Slice Creation

Create a new network slice

Slice is created successfully

2

Slice Deletion

Delete an existing slice

Slice is deleted successfully

3

Slice Modification

Modify slice parameters

Parameters updated correctly

4

Slice Isolation

Ensure traffic isolation between slices

No cross-slice traffic

5

Slice QoS Enforcement

Apply QoS policies to slice

QoS policies enforced

6

Slice Resource Allocation

Allocate resources to slice

Resources allocated as configured

7

Slice Scaling Up

Increase slice capacity

Capacity increased successfully

8

Slice Scaling Down

Decrease slice capacity

Capacity decreased successfully

9

Slice Performance Monitoring

Monitor slice KPIs

KPIs reported accurately

10

Slice Fault Detection

Detect faults in slice

Faults detected and logged

11

Slice Recovery

Recover slice from fault

Slice restored to normal state

12

Slice Latency Test

Measure slice latency

Latency within expected range

13

Slice Throughput Test

Measure slice throughput

Throughput meets SLA

14

Slice Jitter Test

Measure jitter in slice

Jitter within acceptable limits

15

Slice Packet Loss Test

Measure packet loss

Packet loss within threshold

16

Slice Security Policy

Apply security rules to slice

Security rules enforced

17

Slice Authentication

Authenticate slice access

Access granted to authorized users

18

Slice Authorization

Authorize slice operations

Only permitted operations allowed

19

Slice Encryption

Encrypt slice traffic

Traffic encrypted successfully

20

Slice Multi-Tenant Support

Support multiple tenants

Tenants isolated and functional

21

Slice Lifecycle Management

Manage slice lifecycle

Lifecycle transitions successful

22

Slice SLA Compliance

Check SLA adherence

SLA met for slice

23

Slice Priority Handling

Handle slice priority

Higher priority slices served first

24

Slice Admission Control

Control slice admission

Admission based on policy

25

Slice Termination

Terminate slice gracefully

Slice terminated without errors

26

Slice Load Balancing

Balance load across slices

Load distributed evenly

27

Slice Interoperability

Interoperate with other systems

Seamless integration

28

Slice API Validation

Validate slice APIs

APIs respond correctly

29

Slice Logging

Log slice events

Events logged accurately

30

Slice Alerting

Generate alerts for slice issues

Alerts triggered appropriately

31

Slice Backup

Backup slice configuration

Backup created successfully

32

Slice Restore

Restore slice from backup

Configuration restored

33

Slice Versioning

Maintain slice versions

Versions tracked correctly

34

Slice Audit Trail

Maintain audit logs

Logs available and complete

35

Slice Compliance Check

Check regulatory compliance

Slice meets compliance

36

Slice Traffic Shaping

Shape traffic within slice

Traffic shaped as configured

37

Slice Congestion Control

Control congestion in slice

Congestion managed

38

Slice Mobility Support

Support user mobility

Seamless handover

39

Slice Roaming Support

Support roaming users

Roaming handled correctly

40

Slice Real-Time Traffic

Handle real-time traffic

Real-time traffic prioritized

41

Slice Non-Real-Time Traffic

Handle non-real-time traffic

Traffic handled appropriately

42

Slice Customization

Customize slice parameters

Customization applied

43

Slice Template Usage

Use predefined slice templates

Templates applied correctly

44

Slice Policy Enforcement

Enforce slice policies

Policies enforced

45

Slice Analytics

Analyze slice data

Insights generated

46

Slice Forecasting

Forecast slice usage

Forecasts generated accurately

47

Slice Billing

Generate billing for slice usage

Billing calculated correctly

48

Slice Notification

Notify on slice events

Notifications sent

49

Slice Integration Test

Integrate slice with network

Integration successful

50

Slice Stress Test

Test slice under stress

Slice remains stable

Beamforming - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Enable Beamforming

Activate beamforming feature

Beamforming enabled successfully

2

Disable Beamforming

Deactivate beamforming feature

Beamforming disabled successfully

3

Check Default State

Verify default beamforming state

Beamforming is disabled by default

4

Toggle Beamforming

Toggle beamforming on/off

Beamforming toggles correctly

5

Signal Strength Improvement

Measure signal strength with beamforming

Signal strength improves

6

Signal Strength Without Beamforming

Measure signal strength without beamforming

Signal strength is lower

7

Latency Test

Measure latency with beamforming

Latency remains within acceptable range

8

Multi-Device Support

Connect multiple devices with beamforming

All devices maintain strong signal

9

Interference Reduction

Test interference handling

Interference is reduced

10

Directional Signal Test

Verify signal directionality

Signal is focused toward device

11

Range Extension

Test range with beamforming

Extended range observed

12

Speed Test

Measure data rate with beamforming

Higher data rate achieved

13

Compatibility Check

Check compatibility with device

Beamforming works with supported devices

14

Firmware Update Impact

Test after firmware update

Beamforming remains functional

15

Power Consumption

Measure power usage

Acceptable power usage

16

Heat Generation

Monitor heat levels

No abnormal heat generation

17

Signal Drop Recovery

Recover from signal drop

Signal recovers quickly

18

Roaming Support

Move device during active session

Seamless connectivity maintained

19

Beamforming with VPN

Use VPN with beamforming

VPN works without issues

20

Beamforming with QoS

Enable QoS with beamforming

QoS prioritization works

21

Beamforming with MU-MIMO

Test MU-MIMO performance

MU-MIMO works efficiently

22

Beamforming with SU-MIMO

Test SU-MIMO performance

SU-MIMO works efficiently

23

Device Switching

Switch between devices

Beamforming adapts quickly

24

Signal Stability

Test signal stability

Stable signal maintained

25

Environmental Impact

Test in different environments

Beamforming adapts to surroundings

26

Obstacle Handling

Place obstacles between router and device

Signal remains strong

27

Beamforming in 2.4GHz

Test on 2.4GHz band

Beamforming works as expected

28

Beamforming in 5GHz

Test on 5GHz band

Beamforming works as expected

29

Beamforming in 6GHz

Test on 6GHz band

Beamforming works as expected

30

Device Orientation

Change device orientation

Signal adjusts accordingly

31

Antenna Configuration

Test with different antenna setups

Beamforming adapts

32

Signal Handoff

Move between access points

Smooth handoff observed

33

Beamforming with Mesh

Use in mesh network

Beamforming works across nodes

34

Beamforming with Extender

Use with Wi-Fi extender

Signal remains strong

35

Beamforming with Repeater

Use with repeater

Signal remains strong

36

Beamforming with Bridge Mode

Use in bridge mode

Beamforming functions correctly

37

Beamforming with AP Mode

Use in access point mode

Beamforming functions correctly

38

Beamforming with Client Mode

Use in client mode

Beamforming functions correctly

39

Beamforming with Ethernet Backhaul

Use with wired backhaul

No impact on beamforming

40

Beamforming with Wireless Backhaul

Use with wireless backhaul

Beamforming adapts

41

Beamforming with Load Balancing

Enable load balancing

Beamforming supports load balancing

42

Beamforming with Band Steering

Enable band steering

Beamforming supports band steering

43

Beamforming with DFS Channels

Use DFS channels

Beamforming works without interference

44

Beamforming with Channel Bonding

Enable channel bonding

Beamforming supports bonding

45

Beamforming with Auto Channel

Use auto channel selection

Beamforming adapts

46

Beamforming with Manual Channel

Set manual channel

Beamforming works correctly

47

Beamforming with MAC Filtering

Enable MAC filtering

Beamforming unaffected

48

Beamforming with Guest Network

Use guest network

Beamforming supports guest access

49

Beamforming with Parental Controls

Enable parental controls

Beamforming unaffected

50

Beamforming with Firewall

Enable firewall

Beamforming unaffected

Massive MIMO - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Enable Massive MIMO

Activate Massive MIMO feature

Massive MIMO enabled successfully

2

Disable Massive MIMO

Deactivate Massive MIMO feature

Massive MIMO disabled successfully

3

Default State Check

Verify default state of Massive MIMO

Massive MIMO is disabled by default

4

Toggle Massive MIMO

Toggle feature on and off

Feature toggles correctly

5

Multi-User Connection

Connect multiple users simultaneously

All users maintain strong connections

6

Signal Strength Test

Measure signal strength with Massive MIMO

Improved signal strength

7

Throughput Test

Measure data throughput

Higher throughput observed

8

Latency Test

Measure latency during operation

Acceptable latency maintained

9

Channel Utilization

Monitor channel usage

Efficient channel utilization

10

Interference Handling

Test interference mitigation

Reduced interference

11

Beam Management

Verify beam allocation per user

Beams dynamically managed

12

User Scheduling

Test user scheduling algorithm

Fair and efficient scheduling

13

Spatial Multiplexing

Test spatial stream separation

Streams separated correctly

14

Antenna Array Activation

Verify antenna array usage

All antennas utilized

15

Device Compatibility

Connect supported devices

Devices connect successfully

16

Firmware Update Impact

Test after firmware update

Feature remains functional

17

Power Consumption

Measure power usage

Within acceptable limits

18

Heat Generation

Monitor heat levels

No overheating

19

Signal Recovery

Recover from signal drop

Quick recovery

20

Roaming Support

Move device during session

Seamless handoff

21

Massive MIMO with VPN

Use VPN with feature enabled

VPN works without issues

22

Massive MIMO with QoS

Enable QoS

QoS prioritization works

23

Massive MIMO with MU-MIMO

Test MU-MIMO integration

MU-MIMO works efficiently

24

Massive MIMO with SU-MIMO

Test SU-MIMO integration

SU-MIMO works efficiently

25

Device Switching

Switch between devices

Feature adapts quickly

26

Signal Stability

Test signal consistency

Stable signal maintained

27

Environmental Impact

Test in different environments

Feature adapts dynamically

28

Obstacle Handling

Place obstacles

Signal remains strong

29

Massive MIMO in 2.4GHz

Test on 2.4GHz band

Feature works as expected

30

Massive MIMO in 5GHz

Test on 5GHz band

Feature works as expected

31

Massive MIMO in 6GHz

Test on 6GHz band

Feature works as expected

32

Device Orientation

Change device orientation

Signal adjusts accordingly

33

Antenna Configuration

Test different setups

Feature adapts

34

Signal Handoff

Move between access points

Smooth handoff

35

Massive MIMO with Mesh

Use in mesh network

Feature works across nodes

36

Massive MIMO with Extender

Use with Wi-Fi extender

Signal remains strong

37

Massive MIMO with Repeater

Use with repeater

Signal remains strong

38

Massive MIMO with Bridge Mode

Use in bridge mode

Feature functions correctly

39

Massive MIMO with AP Mode

Use in access point mode

Feature functions correctly

40

Massive MIMO with Client Mode

Use in client mode

Feature functions correctly

41

Massive MIMO with Ethernet Backhaul

Use with wired backhaul

No impact on feature

42

Massive MIMO with Wireless Backhaul

Use with wireless backhaul

Feature adapts

43

Load Balancing

Enable load balancing

Feature supports balancing

44

Band Steering

Enable band steering

Feature supports steering

45

DFS Channels

Use DFS channels

Feature works without interference

46

Channel Bonding

Enable bonding

Feature supports bonding

47

Auto Channel Selection

Use auto channel

Feature adapts

48

Manual Channel Selection

Set manual channel

Feature works correctly

49

MAC Filtering

Enable MAC filtering

Feature unaffected

50

Guest Network

Use guest network

Feature supports guest access

Energy Efficiency - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Enable Energy Saver Mode

Turn on energy saver mode

Energy saver mode is activated

2

Disable Energy Saver Mode

Turn off energy saver mode

Energy saver mode is deactivated

3

Auto Activation

Energy saver activates after idle time

Mode activates automatically

4

Manual Activation

User manually activates energy saver

Mode activates immediately

5

Battery Threshold Trigger

Activate mode when battery < 20%

Mode activates at threshold

6

CPU Usage Trigger

Activate mode when CPU usage > 90%

Mode activates accordingly

7

Temperature Trigger

Activate mode when device overheats

Mode activates to cool down

8

Notification Display

Show notification when mode activates

Notification appears

9

UI Toggle Button

Toggle button works correctly

Button toggles mode on/off

10

Power Consumption Reduction

Measure power usage before/after

Usage decreases in saver mode

11

Background App Limiting

Limit background apps in saver mode

Apps are paused or limited

12

Screen Brightness Reduction

Reduce brightness in saver mode

Brightness is lowered

13

Network Throttling

Reduce network usage in saver mode

Network speed is limited

14

Performance Impact

Check app performance in saver mode

Apps run with minimal lag

15

Compatibility Check

Works on all supported devices

Feature functions correctly

16

OS Version Compatibility

Works across OS versions

No crashes or issues

17

Multi-user Support

Works for all user profiles

Each user can use feature

18

Logging Activation

Log when mode is activated

Log entry is created

19

Logging Deactivation

Log when mode is deactivated

Log entry is created

20

Analytics Integration

Data sent to analytics platform

Data is correctly logged

21

Battery Usage Graph

Graph updates with saver mode

Graph reflects reduced usage

22

Scheduled Activation

Set schedule for saver mode

Mode activates as scheduled

23

Scheduled Deactivation

Set schedule to turn off mode

Mode deactivates as scheduled

24

User Preferences Save

Save user settings for mode

Preferences persist after reboot

25

Restore Defaults

Reset to default settings

Defaults are restored

26

Accessibility Support

Feature usable with screen readers

Fully accessible

27

Localization

Feature supports multiple languages

Text appears in selected language

28

Error Handling

Handle activation failure

Error message is shown

29

Recovery from Crash

Recover mode after crash

Mode resumes correctly

30

Battery Drain Simulation

Simulate battery drain

Mode activates as expected

31

App Whitelisting

Allow certain apps in saver mode

Whitelisted apps run normally

32

App Blacklisting

Block certain apps in saver mode

Blacklisted apps are paused

33

User Feedback Prompt

Prompt for feedback after use

Feedback form appears

34

Energy Usage Stats

Show stats in UI

Stats are accurate and updated

35

Mode Persistence

Mode remains active after reboot

Mode is still active

36

Mode Deactivation on Charging

Turn off mode when charging starts

Mode deactivates automatically

37

Mode Activation on Unplug

Activate mode when unplugged

Mode activates automatically

38

UI Responsiveness

UI remains responsive in mode

No lag or delay in UI

39

Mode Conflict Resolution

Resolve conflicts with other modes

No overlapping issues

40

API Availability

API available for developers

API responds correctly

41

API Activation Call

Activate mode via API

Mode activates via API call

42

API Deactivation Call

Deactivate mode via API

Mode deactivates via API call

43

API Status Check

Check mode status via API

Correct status is returned

44

Mode Status Indicator

Show status in system tray

Icon reflects current mode

45

Mode History

View activation history

History is accurate

46

Mode Duration Tracking

Track how long mode was active

Duration is logged correctly

47

Mode Efficiency Report

Generate report on savings

Report shows accurate data

48

Mode Activation Shortcut

Keyboard shortcut activates mode

Shortcut works as expected

49

Mode Deactivation Shortcut

Keyboard shortcut deactivates mode

Shortcut works as expected

50

Mode Activation via Voice

Activate mode using voice command

Mode activates via voice

Enhanced Mobility Support - Testcases

S.No

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Enable Mobility Support

Turn on enhanced mobility support

Feature is activated

2

Disable Mobility Support

Turn off enhanced mobility support

Feature is deactivated

3

Voice Command Navigation

Navigate using voice commands

Navigation responds accurately

4

Switch Control Support

Use switch device for input

Switch input is recognized

5

Eye Tracking Navigation

Navigate using eye tracking

Eye movement controls UI

6

Gesture Control

Use gestures for navigation

Gestures are detected correctly

7

Keyboard Shortcut Access

Access features via shortcuts

Shortcuts work as expected

8

Custom Shortcut Mapping

Remap shortcuts for accessibility

Custom mappings are saved

9

UI Scaling

Scale UI elements for visibility

UI elements resize correctly

10

Button Size Adjustment

Increase button size

Buttons become larger

11

Touch Sensitivity Adjustment

Adjust touch sensitivity

Touch response changes accordingly

12

Haptic Feedback

Provide feedback on interaction

Device vibrates or responds

13

Screen Reader Compatibility

Works with screen readers

Content is read aloud correctly

14

Simplified Navigation Mode

Reduce steps to complete tasks

Navigation becomes more direct

15

Auto Scroll Feature

Automatically scroll content

Content scrolls smoothly

16

Sticky Keys Support

Enable sticky keys for input

Sticky keys function correctly

17

On-screen Keyboard

Display virtual keyboard

Keyboard appears on screen

18

Voice Typing

Input text via voice

Text is transcribed accurately

19

Accessibility Menu

Dedicated menu for mobility features

Menu is accessible and functional

20

Customizable UI Layout

Rearrange UI for ease of use

Layout changes are saved

21

Accessibility Profile Save

Save user settings

Profile is saved and restored

22

Accessibility Profile Load

Load saved settings

Profile loads correctly

23

Multi-language Support

Feature works across languages

UI and voice commands adapt

24

Error Handling

Handle input errors gracefully

Error message is shown

25

Recovery from Crash

Resume feature after crash

Feature resumes correctly

26

Battery Optimization

Feature does not drain battery

Battery usage remains optimal

27

Performance Impact

Feature does not slow system

System remains responsive

28

Compatibility Check

Works on all supported devices

No compatibility issues

29

OS Version Support

Works across OS versions

Feature functions correctly

30

App Integration

Works with third-party apps

Apps respond to mobility inputs

31

Accessibility API Support

API available for developers

API responds correctly

32

API Activation

Activate feature via API

Feature activates via API

33

API Deactivation

Deactivate feature via API

Feature deactivates via API

34

API Status Check

Check feature status via API

Correct status is returned

35

Mode Indicator

Show active status in UI

Indicator reflects current mode

36

Mode History

View activation history

History is accurate

37

Mode Duration Tracking

Track active time

Duration is logged correctly

38

Feedback Prompt

Prompt for user feedback

Feedback form appears

39

Training Tutorial

Provide tutorial for usage

Tutorial is accessible

40

Help Documentation

Access help content

Help is readable and clear

41

Accessibility Audit

Run audit for compliance

Audit passes accessibility checks

42

User Testing

Test with mobility-impaired users

Users can operate feature easily

43

Accessibility Certification

Meets standards (e.g., WCAG)

Feature is certified

44

Remote Support

Allow remote assistance

Support connects successfully

45

Emergency Shortcut

Quick access to emergency help

Emergency feature activates

46

Custom Voice Commands

Define custom commands

Commands are recognized

47

Multi-user Support

Works for all user profiles

Each user can use feature

48

Accessibility Analytics

Track usage data

Data is logged and visualized

49

Accessibility Logging

Log feature usage

Logs are accurate

50

Accessibility Update Notification

Notify users of updates

Notification appears clearly

  • Reference links